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Zhang JM, Hao LL, Qiu WJ, Zhang HW, Chen T, Ji WJ, Zhang Y, Liu F, Gu XF, Yang SH, Han LS. Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics and long-term follow-up of five patients with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Brain Dev 2024:S0387-7604(24)00096-2. [PMID: 39069445 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) deficiency, also known as malonic aciduria (MAD), is a rare autosomal recessive inherited metabolic defect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular features of five patients with MAD in order to increase clinicians' awareness of the disease. METHODS Sanger sequencing was used to detect and genetically analyze the MLYCD variations in the preexisting patients and their parents. RESULTS Five patients with MAD (5 months to 9.6 years old; two males and three females) rarely exhibited metabolic decompensation episodes or seizures. All patients exhibited varying degrees of developmental delay and hypotonia. Our study expands the spectrum of variants of the MLYCD gene. MLYCD gene variations were detected in all five patients, and five new variants were identified: c.60delG (p.Arg21Glyfs*52), c.928C > T (p.Arg310*), c.1293G > T (p.Trp431Cys), c.721T > C (p.Ser241Pro), and Exons 4-5 deletion. Additionally, there is no correlation between various genotypes and phenotypes. CONCLUSION A high-medium-chain triglyceride and low-long-chain triglyceride diet supplemented with L-carnitine was effective in most patients and may improve cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Newborn screening may aid in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hang Zhou, 310000 Zhe Jiang, China; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L L Hao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W J Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - H W Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - T Chen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W J Ji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hang Zhou, 310000 Zhe Jiang, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hang Zhou, 310000 Zhe Jiang, China
| | - X F Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - S H Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hang Zhou, 310000 Zhe Jiang, China.
| | - L S Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yang C, Li Q, Lin Y, Wang Y, Shi H, Huang L, Zhao W, Xiang H, Zhu J. MCD Inhibits Lipid Deposition in Goat Intramuscular Preadipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:440. [PMID: 36833367 PMCID: PMC9956415 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) is a major regulator of fatty acid oxidation catalyzing the decarboxylation of malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA). Although its involvement in human diseases has been well studied, its role in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition remains unknown. In this present study, 1726 bp of MCD cDNA was cloned (OM937122) from goat liver, including 5'UTR of 27 bp, 3'UTR of 199 bp, and CDS of 1500 bp, encoding 499 amino acids. In this present study, although the overexpression of MCD increased the mRNA expression of FASN and DGAT2, the expression of ATGL and ACOX1 was also activated significantly and resulted in a decrease in cellular lipid deposition in goat intramuscular preadipocytes. Meanwhile, the silencing of MCD increased the cellular lipid deposition and was accompanied by the expression activation of DGAT2 and the expression suppression of ATGL and HSL, despite the expression suppression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, including ACC and FASN. However, the expression of DGAT1 was not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by the expression alteration of MCD in this present study. Furthermore, 2025 bp of MCD promoter was obtained and predicted to be regulated by C/EBPα, SP1, SREBP1, and PPARG. In summary, although different pathways may respond to the expression alteration of MCD, the expression of MCD was negatively correlated with the cellular lipid deposition in goat intramuscular preadipocytes. These data may be beneficial for enhancing our understanding of the regulation of IMF deposition in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changheng Yang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Li
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lian Huang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zou L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Fu X, He X, Song J, Li T, Ma H, Yu T. Lysine Malonylation and Its Links to Metabolism and Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:84-98. [PMID: 36818560 PMCID: PMC9937698 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonylation is a recently identified post-translational modification with malonyl-coenzyme A as the donor. It conserved both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent advances in the identification and quantification of lysine malonylation by bioinformatic analysis have improved our understanding of its role in the regulation of protein activity, interaction, and localization and have elucidated its involvement in many biological processes. Malonylation has been linked to diverse physiological processes, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immune regulation. This review discusses malonylation in theory, describes the underlying mechanism, and summarizes the recent progress in malonylation research. The latest findings point to novel functions of malonylation and highlight the mechanisms by which malonylation regulates a variety of cellular processes. Our review also marks the association between lysine malonylation, the enzymes involved, and various diseases, and discusses promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecular targets for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Tao Yu, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Xu F, Wu Y, Huang J, Zhou Y, Xu F, Duan J, Li H. Case report: A novel 5'-UTR-exon1-intron1 deletion in MLYCD in an IVF child with malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1160879. [PMID: 37206471 PMCID: PMC10189016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of the study is an 11-month old IVF baby girl with the typical clinical manifestation of malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency, including developmental delay, limb weakness, cardiomyopathy, and excessive excretion of malonic acid and methylmalonic acid. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.672delG, p.Trp224Ter) in the MLYCD gene of the proband and her father and a novel heterozygous deletion in 5'-UTR-exon1-intron1 of the MLYCD gene of the proband and her mother. The patient's cardiac function and limb weakness improved considerably after 3 months of a low-fat diet supplemented with L-carnitine. Furthermore, mapping of gene mutations and clinical manifestations was done by case collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Cardiology Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Cardiology Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- Pediatric Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunguo Zhou
- Cardiology Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Cardiology Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Junkai Duan
- Cardiology Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Junkai Duan
| | - Hong Li
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Children's Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
- Hong Li
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Zhao C, Peng H, Jiang N, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Q, Wu Z, Wang L. A case of malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency with novel mutations and literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133134. [PMID: 37144154 PMCID: PMC10152364 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency is caused by an abnormality in the MLYCD gene. The clinical manifestations of the disease involve multisystem and multiorgan. Methods We collected and analyzed a patient's clinical characteristics, genetic chain of evidence and RNA-seq. We use the search term "Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency" on Pubmed to collect cases reported. Results We report a 3-year-old girl who is presented with developmental retardation, myocardial damage and elevated C3DC. High-throughput sequencing identified heterozygous mutation (c.798G>A, p.Q266?) in the patient inherited from her father. The other heterozygous mutation (c.641+5G>C) was found in the patient inherited from her mother. RNA-seq showed that there were 254 differential genes in this child, among which 153 genes were up-regulated and 101 genes were down-regulated. Exon jumping events occurred in exons encoding PRMT2 on the positive chain of chromosome 21, which led to abnormal splicing of PRMT2. (P<0.05, FDR<0.05). The result of SNP showed that there were multiple mutation sites on chromosome 1, which may affect the downstream gene variation at the DNA level. The literature review identified 54 cases described since 1984. Discussion It is the first report about the locus, adding a new item to the MLYCD mutation library. Developmental retardation and cardiomyopathy are the most common clinical manifestations, with commonly elevated malonate and malonyl carnitine levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nanchuan Jiang
- Department of Radiology,Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zubo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li W, Li F, Zhang X, Lin HK, Xu C. Insights into the post-translational modification and its emerging role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:422. [PMID: 34924561 PMCID: PMC8685280 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more in-depth studies have revealed that the occurrence and development of tumors depend on gene mutation and tumor heterogeneity. The most important manifestation of tumor heterogeneity is the dynamic change of tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity. This depends not only on the tumor cells themselves in the microenvironment where the infiltrating immune cells and matrix together forming an antitumor and/or pro-tumor network. TME has resulted in novel therapeutic interventions as a place beyond tumor beds. The malignant cancer cells, tumor infiltrate immune cells, angiogenic vascular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblastic cells, and the released factors including intracellular metabolites, hormonal signals and inflammatory mediators all contribute actively to cancer progression. Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is often regarded as a degradative mechanism in protein destruction or turnover to maintain physiological homeostasis. Advances in quantitative transcriptomics, proteomics, and nuclease-based gene editing are now paving the global ways for exploring PTMs. In this review, we focus on recent developments in the PTM area and speculate on their importance as a critical functional readout for the regulation of TME. A wealth of information has been emerging to prove useful in the search for conventional therapies and the development of global therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610042, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610042, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine (Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment), Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610042, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Heterogenous Clinical Landscape in a Consanguineous Malonic Aciduria Family. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312633. [PMID: 34884438 PMCID: PMC8658006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonic aciduria is an extremely rare inborn error of metabolism due to malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. This enzyme is encoded by the MLYCD (Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase) gene, and the disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance. Malonic aciduria is characterized by systemic clinical involvement, including neurologic and digestive symptoms, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, seizures, developmental delay, and cardiomyopathy. We describe here two index cases belonging to the same family that, despite an identical genotype, present very different clinical pictures. The first case is a boy with neonatal metabolic symptoms, abnormal brain MRI, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The second case, the cousin of the first patient in a consanguineous family, showed later symptoms, mainly with developmental delay. Both patients showed high levels of malonylcarnitine on acylcarnitine profiles and malonic acid on urinary organic acid chromatographies. The same homozygous pathogenic variant was identified, c.346C > T; p. (Gln116*). We also provide a comprehensive literature review of reported cases. A review of the literature yielded 52 cases described since 1984. The most common signs were developmental delay and cardiomyopathy. Increased levels of malonic acid and malonylcarnitine were constant. Presentations ranged from neonatal death to patients surviving past adolescence. These two cases and reported patients in the literature highlight the inter- and intrafamilial variability of malonic aciduria.
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Roman TS, Crowley SB, Roche MI, Foreman AKM, O'Daniel JM, Seifert BA, Lee K, Brandt A, Gustafson C, DeCristo DM, Strande NT, Ramkissoon L, Milko LV, Owen P, Roy S, Xiong M, Paquin RS, Butterfield RM, Lewis MA, Souris KJ, Bailey DB, Rini C, Booker JK, Powell BC, Weck KE, Powell CM, Berg JS. Genomic Sequencing for Newborn Screening: Results of the NC NEXUS Project. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:596-611. [PMID: 32853555 PMCID: PMC7536575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) was established as a public health program in the 1960s and is crucial for facilitating detection of certain medical conditions in which early intervention can prevent serious, life-threatening health problems. Genomic sequencing can potentially expand the screening for rare hereditary disorders, but many questions surround its possible use for this purpose. We examined the use of exome sequencing (ES) for NBS in the North Carolina Newborn Exome Sequencing for Universal Screening (NC NEXUS) project, comparing the yield from ES used in a screening versus a diagnostic context. We enrolled healthy newborns and children with metabolic diseases or hearing loss (106 participants total). ES confirmed the participant's underlying diagnosis in 15 out of 17 (88%) children with metabolic disorders and in 5 out of 28 (∼18%) children with hearing loss. We discovered actionable findings in four participants that would not have been detected by standard NBS. A subset of parents was eligible to receive additional information for their child about childhood-onset conditions with low or no clinical actionability, clinically actionable adult-onset conditions, and carrier status for autosomal-recessive conditions. We found pathogenic variants associated with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in two children, a likely pathogenic variant in the gene associated with Lowe syndrome in one child, and an average of 1.8 reportable variants per child for carrier results. These results highlight the benefits and limitations of using genomic sequencing for NBS and the challenges of using such technology in future precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Roman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie B Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Myra I Roche
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ann Katherine M Foreman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julianne M O'Daniel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bryce A Seifert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristy Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alicia Brandt
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chelsea Gustafson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniela M DeCristo
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natasha T Strande
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lori Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura V Milko
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillips Owen
- Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Sayanty Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mai Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan S Paquin
- Center for Communication Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rita M Butterfield
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Megan A Lewis
- Center for Communication Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Katherine J Souris
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Donald B Bailey
- Genomics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christine Rini
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica K Booker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bradford C Powell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen E Weck
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cynthia M Powell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Bowman CE, Wolfgang MJ. Role of the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3 in mitochondrial metabolism. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:34-40. [PMID: 30201289 PMCID: PMC6347522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a central metabolite in fatty acid biochemistry. It is the rate-determining intermediate in fatty acid synthesis but is also an allosteric inhibitor of the rate-setting step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. While these canonical cytoplasmic roles of malonyl-CoA have been well described, malonyl-CoA can also be generated within the mitochondrial matrix by an alternative pathway: the ATP-dependent ligation of malonate to Coenzyme A by the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3. Malonate, a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase of the TCA cycle, is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. A major role for ACSF3 is to provide a metabolic pathway for the clearance of malonate by the generation of malonyl-CoA, which can then be decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Additionally, ACSF3-derived malonyl-CoA can be used to malonylate lysine residues on proteins within the matrix of mitochondria, possibly adding another regulatory layer to post-translational control of mitochondrial metabolism. The discovery of ACSF3-mediated generation of malonyl-CoA defines a new mitochondrial metabolic pathway and raises new questions about how the metabolic fates of this multifunctional metabolite intersect with mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E Bowman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Wang K, Xu Y, Sun Q, Long J, Liu J, Ding J. Mitochondria regulate cardiac contraction through ATP-dependent and independent mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1256-1265. [PMID: 29544373 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1453137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The multipurpose organelle mitochondria play an essential role(s) in controlling cardiac muscle contraction. Mitochondria, not only function as the powerhouses and the energy source of myocytes but also modulate intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the production of intermediary metabolites/reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other cellular processes. Those molecular events can substantially influence myocardial contraction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with cardiac remodelling, and is the causal factor of heart contraction defects in many cases. The manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondria-relevant pathways appears to be a promising therapeutic approach to treat the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yang Xu
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qiong Sun
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiangang Long
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jian Ding
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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11
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Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are required for a number of fundamental physiological processes, such as primary and secondary metabolism, development and stress response. Indexing the dynamic peroxisome proteome is prerequisite to fully understanding the importance of these organelles. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based proteome analysis has allowed the identification of novel peroxisomal proteins and pathways in a relatively high-throughput fashion and significantly expanded the list of proteins and biochemical reactions in plant peroxisomes. In this chapter, we summarize the experimental proteomic studies performed in plants, compile a list of ~200 confirmed Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins, and discuss the diverse plant peroxisome functions with an emphasis on the role of Arabidopsis MS-based proteomics in discovering new peroxisome functions. Many plant peroxisome proteins and biochemical pathways are specific to plants, substantiating the complexity, plasticity and uniqueness of plant peroxisomes. Mapping the full plant peroxisome proteome will provide a knowledge base for the improvement of crop production, quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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12
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Ersoy M, Akyol MB, Ceylaner S, Çakır Biçer N. A novel frameshift mutation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: clinical signs and therapy response of a late-diagnosed case. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1284-1288. [PMID: 28781843 PMCID: PMC5538191 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the clinical findings and the treatment response of a late‐diagnosed case with a novel homozygous insertion c.13_14insG (p.P6Afs*202) result in a frameshift mutation in MLYCD gene. Both cardiac and neurologic involvements were mild when compared to previously reported cases, and see low‐fat/high‐carbohydrate diet treatment is highly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Metabolism Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bedir Akyol
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Cardiology Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Nihan Çakır Biçer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istanbul Arel University Istanbul Turkey
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13
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The Mammalian Malonyl-CoA Synthetase ACSF3 Is Required for Mitochondrial Protein Malonylation and Metabolic Efficiency. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:673-684.e4. [PMID: 28479296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in mammalian fatty acid biochemistry generated and utilized in the cytoplasm; however, little is known about noncanonical organelle-specific malonyl-CoA metabolism. Intramitochondrial malonyl-CoA is generated by a malonyl-CoA synthetase, ACSF3, which produces malonyl-CoA from malonate, an endogenous competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. To determine the metabolic requirement for mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, ACSF3 knockout (KO) cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. ACSF3 KO cells exhibited elevated malonate and impaired mitochondrial metabolism. Unbiased and targeted metabolomics analysis of KO and control cells in the presence or absence of exogenous malonate revealed metabolic changes dependent on either malonate or malonyl-CoA. While ACSF3 was required for the metabolism and therefore detoxification of malonate, ACSF3-derived malonyl-CoA was specifically required for lysine malonylation of mitochondrial proteins. Together, these data describe an essential role for ACSF3 in dictating the metabolic fate of mitochondrial malonate and malonyl-CoA in mammalian metabolism.
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14
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Ambati CSR, Yuan F, Abu-Elheiga LA, Zhang Y, Shetty V. Identification and Quantitation of Malonic Acid Biomarkers of In-Born Error Metabolism by Targeted Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:929-938. [PMID: 28315235 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Malonic acid (MA), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and ethylmalonic acid (EMA) metabolites are implicated in various non-cancer disorders that are associated with inborn-error metabolism. In this study, we have slightly modified the published 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3NPH) derivatization method and applied it to derivatize MA, MMA, and EMA to their hydrazone derivatives, which were amenable for liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS) quantitation. 3NPH was used to derivatize MA, MMA, and EMA, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of the corresponding derivatives were determined by product-ion experiments. Data normalization and absolute quantitation were achieved by using 3NPH derivatized isotopic labeled compounds 13C2-MA, MMA-D3, and EMA-D3. The detection limits were found to be at nanomolar concentrations and a good linearity was achieved from nanomolar to millimolar concentrations. As a proof of concept study, we have investigated the levels of malonic acids in mouse plasma with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency (MCD-D), and we have successfully applied 3NPH method to identify and quantitate all three malonic acids in wild type (WT) and MCD-D plasma with high accuracy. The results of this method were compared with that of underivatized malonic acid standards experiments that were performed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-MRM. Compared with HILIC method, 3NPH derivatization strategy was found to be very efficient to identify these molecules as it greatly improved the sensitivity, quantitation accuracy, as well as peak shape and resolution. Furthermore, there was no matrix effect in LC-MS analysis and the derivatized metabolites were found to be very stable for longer time. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekar R Ambati
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Furong Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lutfi A Abu-Elheiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivekananda Shetty
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Biegen VR, McCue JP, Donovan TA, Shelton GD. Metabolic Encephalopathy and Lipid Storage Myopathy Associated with a Presumptive Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect in a Dog. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:64. [PMID: 26664991 PMCID: PMC4672276 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old spayed female Shih Tzu presented for episodic abnormalities of posture and mentation. Neurological examination was consistent with a bilaterally symmetric multifocal encephalopathy. The dog had a waxing-and-waning hyperlactemia and hypoglycemia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilaterally symmetric cavitated lesions of the caudate nuclei with less severe abnormalities in the cerebellar nuclei. Empirical therapy was unsuccessful, and the patient was euthanized. Post-mortem histopathology revealed bilaterally symmetric necrotic lesions of the caudate and cerebellar nuclei and multi-organ lipid accumulation, including a lipid storage myopathy. Malonic aciduria and ketonuria were found on urinary organic acid screen. Plasma acylcarnitine analysis suggested a fatty acid oxidation defect. Fatty acid oxidation disorders are inborn errors of metabolism documented in humans, but poorly described in dogs. Although neurological signs have been described in humans with this group of diseases, descriptions of advanced imaging, and histopathology are severely lacking. This report suggests that abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism may cause severe, bilateral gray matter necrosis, and lipid accumulation in multiple organs including the skeletal muscles, liver, and kidneys. Veterinarians should be aware that fatty acid oxidation disorders, although potentially fatal, may be treatable. A timely definitive diagnosis is essential in guiding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G Diane Shelton
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
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16
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Colak G, Pougovkina O, Dai L, Tan M, Te Brinke H, Huang H, Cheng Z, Park J, Wan X, Liu X, Yue WW, Wanders RJA, Locasale JW, Lombard DB, de Boer VCJ, Zhao Y. Proteomic and Biochemical Studies of Lysine Malonylation Suggest Its Malonic Aciduria-associated Regulatory Role in Mitochondrial Function and Fatty Acid Oxidation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3056-71. [PMID: 26320211 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.048850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein substrates of sirtuin 5-regulated lysine malonylation (Kmal) remain unknown, hindering its functional analysis. In this study, we carried out proteomic screening, which identified 4042 Kmal sites on 1426 proteins in mouse liver and 4943 Kmal sites on 1822 proteins in human fibroblasts. Increased malonyl-CoA levels in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD)-deficient cells induces Kmal levels in substrate proteins. We identified 461 Kmal sites showing more than a 2-fold increase in response to MCD deficiency as well as 1452 Kmal sites detected only in MCD-/- fibroblast but not MCD+/+ cells, suggesting a pathogenic role of Kmal in MCD deficiency. Cells with increased lysine malonylation displayed impaired mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting that lysine malonylation plays a role in pathophysiology of malonic aciduria. Our study establishes an association between Kmal and a genetic disease and offers a rich resource for elucidating the contribution of the Kmal pathway and malonyl-CoA to cellular physiology and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Colak
- From the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Olga Pougovkina
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- From the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heleen Te Brinke
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - He Huang
- From the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | - Jeongsoon Park
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Xuelian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, and
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Emma's Children Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, and
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Emma's Children Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Yingming Zhao
- From the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,
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17
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Polinati PP, Valanne L, Tyni T. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: long-term follow-up of a patient new clinical features and novel mutations. Brain Dev 2015; 37:107-13. [PMID: 24613099 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD, EC 4.1.1.9) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is widely diagnosed by neonatal screening. METHODS We report long term follow up of a patient with MLYCD deficiency showing signs of neonatal hypoglycemia, mental retardation, developmental delay and rheumatoid arthritis. Brain MRI revealed patchy, symmetrical hyperintensity of the deep white matter with periventricular white matter and subcortical arcuate fibers being spared. MLCYD gene sequence analysis was done to identify possible mutations. Expression analyses at mRNA and protein levels were also performed. Further, immunocytochemical studies were implemented to check for its subcellular localization. RESULTS MLYCD gene sequencing identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.22 T>A, p.M1K, c.454 C>A; pH152N) in our patient and a heterozygous mutation in the healthy mother c.22 T>A; pM1K. Reduced expression of RNA and protein levels was observed. Immunocytochemical analysis showed diffused staining across the cytoplasm with apparent signs of intracellular mislocalization to the nucleus. RESULTS also indicated subcellular colocalization of MLCYD with mitochondria was scant compared to control. CONCLUSION Our patient was identified with a novel compound heterozygous MLYCD mutation at the N-terminal helical domain. This study indicates that protein mislocalization is a characteristic feature of MLYCD deficiency in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini P Polinati
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Leena Valanne
- Children Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tyni
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Children Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Qujeq D, Tatar M, Feizi F, Parsian H, Halalkhor S. Urtica dioica Effect on Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-18782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Marlaire S, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M. C7orf10 encodes succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase, the enzyme that converts glutarate to glutaryl-CoA. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:13-9. [PMID: 23893049 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutarate, a side-product in the metabolism of tryptophan and lysine, is metabolized by conversion to glutaryl-CoA by a transferase using succinyl-CoA as a coenzyme donor. The enzyme catalyzing this conversion has not been formally identified. However, a benign form of glutaric aciduria (glutaric aciduria type III) is due to mutations in C7orf10, a putative member of the coenzyme A transferase class III family. In the present work, we show that recombinant human C7orf10 catalyzes the succinyl-CoA-dependent conversion of glutarate to glutaryl-CoA. C7orf10 could use many dicarboxylic acids as CoA acceptors, the best ones being glutarate, succinate, adipate, and 3-hydroxymethylglutarate. Confocal microscopy analysis of CHO cells transfected with a C7orf10-GFP fusion protein indicated that C7orf10 is a mitochondrial protein, in agreement with the presence of a predicted mitochondrial propeptide at its N-terminus. The effect of a missense mutation (p.Arg336Trp) found in the homozygous state in several patients with glutaric aciduria type III and present in the general population at a low frequency was also investigated. The p.Arg336Trp mutation led to the production of insoluble and inactive C7orf10 both in Escherichia coli and in HEK293T cells. These findings indicate that C7orf10 is implicated in the metabolism of glutarate, but possibly also of longer dicarboxylic acids. Homologues of this enzyme are found in numerous bacterial operons comprising also a putative glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, indicating that an enzyme with similar specificity exists in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Marlaire
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium,
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20
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Celato A, Mitola C, Tolve M, Giannini MT, De Leo S, Carducci C, Carducci C, Leuzzi V. A new case of malonic aciduria with a presymptomatic diagnosis and an early treatment. Brain Dev 2013. [PMID: 23177061 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency (MLYCD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism presenting a variable clinical phenotype. We report an affected Italian male receiving an early diagnosis (8days after birth) and a timely dietary therapy (high carbohydrate, low long chain fatty acid and medium chain triglyceride supplemented diet with l-carnitine supplementation). The boy was born at term and presented normal function of the heart (except for a tricuspid Ebstein-like dysplasia) and neurodevelopmental status. Genomic sequencing of MLYCD gene revealed two point mutations (c.672G>A, c.869C>T) not listed in the Human MLYCD Allelic Variant Database nor in Human Gene Mutation Database, responsible for a deleterious effect on protein structure and function according to a computational analysis (MuPro, SIFT, ConSEQ v1.1). At the age of 2years he only showed a mild language and psychomotor delay, while heart functioning became normal. Brain MRI examination was normal. Thirty-five cases, including our patient, have been described to date. This is the first report concerning a malonic aciduria patient diagnosed on newborn screening and treated in a presymptomatic stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Celato
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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21
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Xue J, Peng J, Zhou M, Zhong L, Yin F, Liang D, Wu L. Novel compound heterozygous mutation of MLYCD in a Chinese patient with malonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:79-83. [PMID: 22104738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old Chinese boy presented with prominent clinical features of malonic aciduria, including developmental delay, short stature, brain abnormalities and massive excretion of malonic acid and methylmalonic acid. Molecular characterization by DNA sequencing analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of the MLYCD gene revealed a heterozygous mutation (c.920T>G, p.Leu307Arg) in the patient and his father and a heterozygous deletion comprising exon 1 in the patient and his mother. The missense mutation (c.920T>G) was not found in 100 healthy controls and has not been reported previously. Our findings expand the number of reported cases and add a novel entry to the repertoire of MLYCD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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22
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Mirandola SR, Melo DR, Saito A, Castilho RF. 3-nitropropionic acid-induced mitochondrial permeability transition: comparative study of mitochondria from different tissues and brain regions. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:630-9. [PMID: 19795369 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adult rat striatum is particularly vulnerable to systemic administration of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP), which is known to induce degeneration of the caudate-putamen, as occurs in Huntington's disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the susceptibility of isolated mitochondria from different rat brain regions (striatum, cortex, and cerebellum) as well as from the liver, kidney, and heart to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by 3NP and Ca(2+). In the presence of micromolar Ca(2+) concentrations, 3NP induces MPT in a dose-dependent manner, as estimated by mitochondrial swelling and a decrease in the transmembrane electrical potential. A 3NP concentration capable of promoting a 10% inhibition of ADP-stimulated, succinate-supported respiration was sufficient to stimulate Ca(2+)-induced MPT. Brain and heart mitochondria were generally more sensitive to 3NP and Ca(2+)-induced MPT than mitochondria from liver and kidney. In addition, a partial inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by 3NP resulted in more pronounced MPT in striatal mitochondria than in cortical or cerebellar organelles. A similar inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity was observed in rat tissue homogenates obtained from various brain regions as well as from liver, kidney, and heart 24 hr after a single i.p. 3NP dose. Mitochondria isolated from forebrains of 3NP-treated rats were also more susceptible to Ca(2+)-induced MPT than those of control rats. We propose that the increased susceptibility of the striatum to 3NP-induced neurodegeneration may be partially explained by its susceptibility to MPT, together with the greater vulnerability of this brain region to glutamate receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Mirandola
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
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23
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Lopaschuk GD, Ussher JR, Folmes CDL, Jaswal JS, Stanley WC. Myocardial fatty acid metabolism in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:207-58. [PMID: 20086077 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1449] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant high demand for energy to sustain the continuous contractile activity of the heart, which is met primarily by the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The control of fatty acid beta-oxidation is complex and is aimed at ensuring that the supply and oxidation of the fatty acids is sufficient to meet the energy demands of the heart. The metabolism of fatty acids via beta-oxidation is not regulated in isolation; rather, it occurs in response to alterations in contractile work, the presence of competing substrates (i.e., glucose, lactate, ketones, amino acids), changes in hormonal milieu, and limitations in oxygen supply. Alterations in fatty acid metabolism can contribute to cardiac pathology. For instance, the excessive uptake and beta-oxidation of fatty acids in obesity and diabetes can compromise cardiac function. Furthermore, alterations in fatty acid beta-oxidation both during and after ischemia and in the failing heart can also contribute to cardiac pathology. This paper reviews the regulation of myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and how alterations in fatty acid beta-oxidation can contribute to heart disease. The implications of inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of various forms of heart disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
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24
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Zhou W, Tu Y, Simpson PJ, Kuhajda FP. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibition is selectively cytotoxic to human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:2979-87. [PMID: 19543323 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibition initiates selective apoptosis of cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro, which may involve malonyl-CoA metabolism. These findings have led to the exploration of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) as a potential novel target for cancer treatment. MCD regulates the levels of cellular malonyl-CoA through the decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is both a substrate for FAS and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation acting as a metabolic switch between anabolic fatty acid synthesis and catabolic fatty acid oxidation. We now report that the treatment of human breast cancer (MCF7) cells with MCD small interference RNA (siRNA) reduces MCD expression and activity, reduces adenosine triphosphate levels, and is cytotoxic to MCF7 cells, but not to human fibroblasts. In addition, we synthesized a small-molecule inhibitor of MCD, 5-{(Morpholine-4-carbonyl)-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-amino}-pentanoic acid methyl ester (MPA). Similar to MCD siRNA, MPA inhibits MCD activity in MCF7 cells, increases cellular malonyl-CoA levels and is cytotoxic to a number of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Taken together, these data indicate that MCD-induced cytotoxicity is likely mediated through malonyl-CoA metabolism. These findings support the hypothesis that MCD is a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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25
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Kadaveru K, Vyas J, Schiller MR. Viral infection and human disease--insights from minimotifs. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2008; 13:6455-71. [PMID: 18508672 DOI: 10.2741/3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short functional peptide motifs cooperate in many molecular functions including protein interactions, protein trafficking, and posttranslational modifications. Viruses exploit these motifs as a principal mechanism for hijacking cells and many motifs are necessary for the viral life-cycle. A virus can accommodate many short motifs in its small genome size providing a plethora of ways for the virus to acquire host molecular machinery. Host enzymes that act on motifs such as kinases, proteases, and lipidation enzymes, as well as protein interaction domains, are commonly mutated in human disease, suggesting that the short peptide motif targets of these enzymes may also be mutated in disease; however, this is not observed. How can we explain why viruses have evolved to be so dependent on motifs, yet these motifs, in general do not seem to be as necessary for human viability? We propose that short motifs are used at the system level. This system architecture allows viruses to exploit a motif, whereas the viability of the host is not affected by mutation of a single motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kadaveru
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, Biological Systems Modeling Group, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3305, USA
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26
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Malvagia S, Papi L, Morrone A, Donati MA, Ciani F, Pasquini E, la Marca G, Scholte HR, Genuardi M, Zammarchi E. Fatal malonyl CoA decarboxylase deficiency due to maternal uniparental isodisomy of the telomeric end of chromosome 16. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:705-12. [PMID: 17535268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malonic aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, encoded by the MLYCD gene. We report on a patient with clinical presentation in the neonatal period. Metabolic investigations led to a diagnosis of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, confirmed by decreased activity in cultured fibroblasts. High doses of carnitine and a diet low in lipids led to a reduction in malonic acid excretion, and to an improvement in his clinical conditions, but at the age of 4 months he died suddenly and unexpectedly. No autopsy was performed. Molecular analysis of the MLYCD gene performed on the proband's RNA and genomic DNA identified a previously undescribed mutation (c.772-775delACTG) which was homozygous. This mutation was present in his mother but not in his father; paternity was confirmed by microsatellite analysis. A hypothesis of maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) was investigated using fourteen microsatellite markers on chromosome 16, and the results confirmed maternal UPD. Maternal isodisomy of the 16q24 region led to homozygosity for the MLYCD mutant allele, causing the patient's disease. These findings are relevant for genetic counselling of couples with a previously affected child, since the recurrence risk in future pregnancies is dramatically reduced by the finding of UPD. In addition, since the patient had none of the clinical manifestations previously associated with maternal UPD 16, this case provides no support for the existence of maternally imprinted genes on chromosome 16 with a major effect on phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malvagia
- Department of Pediatrics, Metabolic Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Salomons GS, Jakobs C, Pope LL, Errami A, Potter M, Nowaczyk M, Olpin S, Manning N, Raiman JAJ, Slade T, Champion MP, Peck D, Gavrilov D, Hillman R, Hoganson GE, Donaldson K, Shield JPH, Ketteridge D, Wasserstein M, Gibson KM. Clinical, enzymatic and molecular characterization of nine new patients with malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:23-8. [PMID: 17186413 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report nine new patients with malonic aciduria associated with enzyme-confirmed malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) deficiency in eight. Clinical details were available on eight, and molecular genetic characterization was obtained for nine. As for 15 previously described patients, cardinal clinical manifestations included developmental delay and cardiomyopathy; metabolic perturbations (e.g. acidosis) and seizures, however, were infrequent or not observed in our patients. For all, detection of elevated malonic acid in urine (+/- increased C3DC acylcarnitine by analysis employing tandem mass spectrometry) led to pursuit of enzyme studies. MCD activities (nmol/h PER mg protein) revealed: control (n = 22), 16.2 +/- 1.8 (SEM; range 5.7-46.2); patients (n = 8, assayed in duplicate), 1.7 +/- 0.3 (10% of parallel control; range 0.6-2.8). Molecular characterization by DNA sequence analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification revealed nine novel mutations (c.796C>T; p.Gln266X, c.481delC; p.Leu161CysfsX18, c.1367A>C; p.Tyr456Ser, c.1319G>T; p.Ser440Ile, c.1430C>T; p.Ser477Phe, c.899G>T; p.Gly300Val, c.799-1683_949-1293del3128, and two other large genomic deletions comprising exons 1 or the complete gene) and two known mutations in the MLYCD gene. Our findings increase the number of enzyme-confirmed MCD-deficient patients by >50%, and expand our understanding of the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Salomons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Wallace DM, Haramura M, Cheng JF, Arrhenius T, Nadzan AM. Novel trifluoroacetophenone derivatives as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1127-30. [PMID: 17234415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of trifluoroacetophenone derivatives were prepared and evaluated as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) inhibitors. Some of the 'reverse amide' analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of MCD enzyme activity. The trifluoroacetyl group may interact with the MCD active site as the hydrate in a similar fashion to the hexafluoroisopropanol analogs reported previously. Adding electron-withdrawing groups to the phenyl ring stabilizes the hydrated species and enhances this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Chugai Pharma USA, LLC., 6275 Nancy Ridge Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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29
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Cheng JF, Huang Y, Penuliar R, Nishimoto M, Liu L, Arrhenius T, Yang G, O'leary E, Barbosa M, Barr R, Dyck JRB, Lopaschuk GD, Nadzan AM. Discovery of potent and orally available malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors as cardioprotective agents. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4055-8. [PMID: 16821767 DOI: 10.1021/jm0605029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of 5-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxamides as a new class of malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase (MCD) inhibitors is described. tert-Butyl 3-(5-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (5, CBM-301940) exhibited excellent potency and in vivo PK/ADME properties. It is the most powerful stimulant of glucose oxidation reported to date in isolated working rat hearts. Compound 5 improved the cardiac efficiency and function in a rat heart global ischemia/reperfusion model, suggesting MCD inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Fei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chugai Pharma USA, LLC., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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30
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Nam HW, Lee GY, Kim YS. Mass spectrometric identification of K210 essential for rat malonyl-CoA decarboxylase catalysis. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1398-406. [PMID: 16739991 DOI: 10.1021/pr050487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic technology provides useful tools to detect protein modification sites in vivo and in vitro. In this work, we applied proteomics to identify an essential amino acid residue involved in Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase (MCD) catalysis. A reaction with acetic anhydride and MCD, under mild conditions without acetyl CoA as a substrate, resulted in the acetylation of six lysyl residues, K210, K58, K167, K316, K388, and K444. When acetyl CoA was added to the reaction, K210 was protected from acetylation, indicating a potential role for this residue in catalysis. In addition, K210 was the only lysyl residue, out of six, that was not endogenously acetylated. Because K210, K308, and K388 are conserved across species, they were site-specifically mutated to methionine which is size-wise similar to lysine but not protonated. The K308M and K388M MCD mutants retained 60% of their enzyme activities, whereas the K210M mutant was completely inactive. These results strongly suggest that K210 is an essential residue in rat MCD catalysis and is a likely proton donor to the alpha carbon of malonyl-CoA. Therapeutic inhibition of MCD may be a viable approach to treating various clinical pathologies associated with defective fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Wook Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-749
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31
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Cheng JF, Mak CC, Huang Y, Penuliar R, Nishimoto M, Zhang L, Chen M, Wallace D, Arrhenius T, Chu D, Yang G, Barbosa M, Barr R, Dyck JRB, Lopaschuk GD, Nadzan AM. Heteroaryl substituted bis-trifluoromethyl carbinols as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3484-8. [PMID: 16644218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroaryl-substituted bis-trifluoromethyl carbinols were prepared and evaluated as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) inhibitors. Some thiazole-based derivatives showed potent in vitro MCD inhibitory activities and significantly increased glucose oxidation rates in isolated working rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Fei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Discovery Biology, Chugai Pharma LLC., 6275 Nancy Ridge Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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32
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Cuthbert KD, Dyck JRB. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase is a major regulator of myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Curr Hypertens Rep 2006; 7:407-11. [PMID: 16386195 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-005-0034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The energy demands of the heart are normally met by oxidation of both glucose and fatty acids. Fatty acid oxidation is limited by the uptake of fatty acyl coenzyme A (CoA) into the mitochondria, a process regulated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1. Malonyl CoA is a potent endogenous inhibitor of CPT1, and therefore plays an integral role in the control of myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) is responsible for the removal of malonyl CoA and may control myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Indeed, strategies using MCD inhibitors and MCD knockout mice have provided the first evidence for a direct role of MCD in the control of myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Based on these studies, pharmacologic inhibition of MCD has been proposed to be a viable approach for the treatment of ischemic heart disease resulting from a variety of pathologic conditions, including coronary artery diseases, pathologic hypertrophy, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karalyn D Cuthbert
- Department of Pediatrics, 474 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2S2
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33
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Cheng JF, Chen M, Liu B, Hou Z, Arrhenius T, Nadzan AM. Design and synthesis of heterocyclic malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:695-700. [PMID: 16257202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) as novel metabolic modulators, which inhibited fatty acid oxidation and consequently increased the glucose oxidation rates in the isolated working rat hearts. MCD inhibitors were also shown to improve cardiac efficiency in rat and pig demand-induced ischemic models through the mechanism-based modulation of energy metabolism. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic MCD inhibitors with a preference for substituted imidazole and isoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Fei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chugai Pharma USA, LLC, 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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34
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Ficicioglu C, Chrisant MRK, Payan I, Chace DH. Cardiomyopathy and hypotonia in a 5-month-old infant with malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency: potential for preclinical diagnosis with expanded newborn screening. Pediatr Cardiol 2005; 26:881-3. [PMID: 16078122 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-005-1045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that may cause hypotonia and a fatal cardiomyopathy in infancy. Newborn metabolic screening programs do not include this disorder, although there is a possibility that presymptomatic treatment may attenuate the development of cardiomyopathy. We report a case of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency in a 5-month-old boy who presented with cardiomyopathy and hypotonia. Retrospective analysis of the newborn screening test showed an elevation in the concentration of malonylcarnitine at age 3 days. Unfortunately, this perturbation was missed because the screening test did not routinely measure malonylcarnitine in the newborn blood. Our experience confirms the possibility of screening for malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency with tandem mass spectrometry. This finding should enable studies to determine if presymptomatic treatment could change the outcome in this often fatal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ficicioglu
- Section of Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA. FICICIOGLU@.Email.CHOP.Edu
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35
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Královičová J, Christensen MB, Vořechovský I. Biased exon/intron distribution of cryptic and de novo 3' splice sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:4882-98. [PMID: 16141195 PMCID: PMC1197134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We compiled sequences of previously published aberrant 3′ splice sites (3′ss) that were generated by mutations in human disease genes. Cryptic 3′ss, defined here as those resulting from a mutation of the 3′YAG consensus, were more frequent in exons than in introns. They clustered in ∼20 nt region adjacent to authentic 3′ss, suggesting that their under-representation in introns is due to a depletion of AG dinucleotides in the polypyrimidine tract (PPT). In contrast, most aberrant 3′ss that were induced by mutations outside the 3′YAG consensus (designated ‘de novo’) were in introns. The activation of intronic de novo 3′ss was largely due to AG-creating mutations in the PPT. In contrast, exonic de novo 3′ss were more often induced by mutations improving the PPT, branchpoint sequence (BPS) or distant auxiliary signals, rather than by direct AG creation. The Shapiro–Senapathy matrix scores had a good prognostic value for cryptic, but not de novo 3′ss. Finally, AG-creating mutations in the PPT that produced aberrant 3′ss upstream of the predicted BPS in vivo shared a similar ‘BPS-new AG’ distance. Reduction of this distance and/or the strength of the new AG PPT in splicing reporter pre-mRNAs improved utilization of authentic 3′ss, suggesting that AG-creating mutations that are located closer to the BPS and are preceded by weaker PPT may result in less severe splicing defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Vořechovský
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 2380 796425; Fax: +44 2380 794264;
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36
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Zhou D, Yuen P, Chu D, Thon V, McConnell S, Brown S, Tsang A, Pena M, Russell A, Cheng JF, Nadzan AM, Barbosa MS, Dyck JRB, Lopaschuk GD, Yang G. Expression, purification, and characterization of human malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 34:261-9. [PMID: 15003260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant human malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (hMCD) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with and without the first 39 N-terminal amino acids via a cleavable MBP-fusion construct. Proteolytic digestion using genenase I to remove the MBP-fusion tag was optimized for both the full length and truncated hMCD. The apo-hMCD enzymes were solubilized and purified to homogeneity. Steady-state kinetic characterization showed similar kinetic parameters for the MBP-fused and apo-hMCD enzymes with an apparent Km value of approximately 330-520 microM and a turnover rate kcat of 13-28s(-1). For the apo-hMCD enzymes, the N-terminal truncated hMCD was well tolerated over a broad pH range (pH 4-10); whereas the full-length hMCD appeared to be stable only at pH >/= 8.5. Our results showed that the N-terminal region of hMCD has no effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme but plays a role in the folding process and conformation stability of hMCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Zhou
- Department of Discovery Biology, Chugai Pharma USA, LLC, 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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37
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Wightman PJ, Santer R, Ribes A, Dougherty F, McGill N, Thorburn DR, FitzPatrick DR. MLYCD mutation analysis: evidence for protein mistargeting as a cause of MLYCD deficiency. Hum Mutat 2003; 22:288-300. [PMID: 12955715 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by malonic aciduria, developmental delay, seizure disorder, hypoglycemia, and cardiomyopathy. Genomic sequencing of MLYCD in nine unrelated patients identified 16 of 18 pathogenic alleles, which are documented in the newly created Human MLYCD Allelic Variant Database (http://mlycd.hgu.mrc.ac.uk/). Fibroblast cell lines were available from eight of these patients and two previously reported patients with homozygous MLYCD mutations. Western blot analysis using antisera raised to a C-terminal peptide detected a 66-kDa band that was absent in six patients and substantially reduced in three patients. One patient showed an increase in protein levels with a prominent smeary 68-l83-kDa band. Immunocytochemical analysis of MLYCD-expressing patient cell lines showed apparent intracellular mislocalization. An extreme N-terminal mutation c.8G>A (p.G3D) mislocalized to the plasma membrane, suggesting that a novel targeting signal may reside in a four-amino acid conserved N-terminal motif. A 25-base deletion between the putative mitochondrial and peroxisomal initiating codons (M1 and M40) and a point mutation ablating the second of these (c.119T>C, p.M40T) both showed punctate perinuclear staining. As none of the three mislocalizing mutations are predicted to alter the catalytic function of the peptide, it seems likely that correct subcellular localization of MLYCD is critical for it to function normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Wightman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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38
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Santer R, Fingerhut R, Lässker U, Wightman PJ, Fitzpatrick DR, Olgemöller B, Roscher AA. Tandem mass spectrometric determination of malonylcarnitine: diagnosis and neonatal screening of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Clin Chem 2003; 49:660-2. [PMID: 12651823 DOI: 10.1373/49.4.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kiel, Germany.
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39
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Abstract
Abnormally high rates of fatty acid metabolism is an important contributor to the severity of ischemic heart disease. During and following myocardial ischemia a number of alterations in fatty acid oxidation occur that result in an excessive amount of fatty acids being used as a fuel source by the heart. This contributes to a decrease in cardiac efficiency both during and following the ischemic episode. Central to the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the heart is malonyl CoA, which is a potent endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake. The levels of malonyl CoA are regulated both by its synthesis by acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and its degradation by malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD). ACC is in turn controlled by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which acts as a fuel gauge in the heart. The control of these enzymes are altered during ischemia, such that malonyl CoA levels in the heart decrease, resulting in an increased relative contribution of fatty acids to oxidative metabolism. Activation of AMPK during and following ischemia appears to be centrally involved in this decrease in malonyl CoA. Clinical evidence is now accumulating that show that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is an effective approach to treating ischemic heart disease. As a result, modulation of fatty acid oxidation by targeting the enzymes controlling malonyl CoA may be a novel approach to treating angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. This paper will discuss some of the molecular changes that occur in fatty acid oxidation in the ischemic heart and will include a discussion of the important role of malonyl CoA in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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40
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Kerner J, Hoppel CL. Radiochemical malonyl-CoA decarboxylase assay: activity and subcellular distribution in heart and skeletal muscle. Anal Biochem 2002; 306:283-9. [PMID: 12123667 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2002.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase is the main route for the disposal of malonyl-CoA, the key metabolite in the regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We have developed a simple and sensitive radiochemical assay to determine malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity. The decarboxylation of [2-14C]malonyl-CoA produces [2-14C]acetyl-CoA, which is converted to [2-14C]acetylcarnitine in the presence of excess L-carnitine and carnitine acetyltransferase. The positively charged radiolabeled product, acetylcarnitine, is separated from negatively charged excess radiolabeled substrate and the radioactivity measured by scintillation counting. Measurement of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activities with this method gives values comparable to those obtained with assays currently in use, but has the advantage of being simpler and less labor intensive. We have applied this assay to rat skeletal muscle of different fiber-type composition and to rat heart. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity (mU/g wet wt) correlates with the oxidative capacity of the muscles, being lowest in type IIb fibers (42.7 +/- 3.0) and highest in heart (1071.4 +/- 260), with intermediate activity in type IIa fibers (150.7 +/- 4.3) and type I fibers (107.8 +/- 7.6). Studies on subcellular distribution of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity in rat heart and rat skeletal muscle show that approximately 50 and 65% is localized to mitochondria, while 50 and 35% of the activity is extramitochondrial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kerner
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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41
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Abstract
The control of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, including the delivery of acyl moieties from the plasma membrane to the mitochondrion, is reviewed. Control of beta-oxidation flux appears to be largely at the level of entry of acyl groups to mitochondria, but is also dependent on substrate supply. CPTI has much of the control of hepatic beta-oxidation flux, and probably exerts high control in intact muscle because of the high concentration of malonyl-CoA in vivo. beta-Oxidation flux can also be controlled by the redox state of NAD/NADH and ETF/ETFH(2). Control by [acetyl-CoA]/[CoASH] may also be significant, but it is probably via export of acyl groups by carnitine acylcarnitine translocase and CPT II rather than via accumulation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA esters. The sharing of control between CPTI and other enzymes allows for flexible regulation of metabolism and the ability to rapidly adapt beta-oxidation flux to differing requirements in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eaton
- Surgery Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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42
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Surendran S, Sacksteder KA, Gould SJ, Coldwell JG, Rady PL, Tyring SK, Matalon R. Malonyl CoA decarboxylase deficiency: C to T transition in intron 2 of the MCD gene. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:591-4. [PMID: 11550227 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids synthesis. Based on reports of MCD deficiency, this enzyme is particular important in muscle and brain metabolism. Mutations in the MCD gene result in a deficiency of MCD activity, that lead to psychomotor retardation, cardiomyopathy and neonatal death. To date however, only a few patients have been reported with defects in MCD. We report here studies of a patient with MCD deficiency, who presented with hypotonia, cardiomyopathy and psychomotor retardation. DNA sequencing of MCD revealed a homozygous intronic mutation, specifically a -5 C to T transition near the acceptor site for exon 3. RT-PCR amplification of exons 2 and 3 revealed that although mRNA from a normal control sample yielded one major DNA band, the mutant mRNA sample resulted in two distinct DNA fragments. Sequencing of the patient's two RT-PCR products revealed that the larger molecular weight fragments contained exons 2 and 3 as well as the intervening intronic sequence. The smaller size band from the patient contained the properly spliced exons, similar to the normal control. Western blotting analysis of the expressed protein showed only a faint band in the patient sample in contrast to a robust band in the control. In addition, the enzyme activity of the mutant protein was lower than that of the control protein. The data indicate that homozygous mutation in intron 2 disrupt normal splicing of the gene, leading to lower expression of the MCD protein and MCD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Surendran
- Department of Pediatric Cytogenetics, Children's Hospital, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0359, USA
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Bennett MJ, Harthcock PA, Boriack RL, Cohen JC. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative flux in fibroblasts from a patient with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2001; 73:276-9. [PMID: 11461195 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism. It has been suggested but never demonstrated that many of the clinical features arise due to inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by accumulated malonyl-CoA. We studied the oxidation of fatty acids in cultured skin fibroblasts from a recently described patient with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. There was a marked reduction in the oxidation of palmitic and myristic acids both under baseline conditions and when the cells were cultured in the presence of high concentrations of acetate, a malonyl-CoA precursor. These results suggest that there is inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency and that this inhibition may be related to some of the clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
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