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Vaca-Sánchez MS, Cuevas-Reyes P, Munck I, Oki Y, Moia N, Freitas T, Almeida A, Castelan K, Fernandes GW. Patterns in Wing Morphology and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Eulaema nigrita along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Brazilian Rupestrian Grassland. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:837-847. [PMID: 37552457 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems experience abrupt abiotic changes that represent environmental filters for many organisms, shaping their phenotypic expressions. However, little is known about the morphological and symmetric adjustments of native bees along altitudinal gradients. We evaluated the changes on wing morphology, wing size, and vein fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (Apidae: Euglossini) associated with climatic variables along an altitudinal gradient in the rupestrian grassland (known also as campo rupestre or rupestrian field) of Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Seven sampling points along the altitudinal gradient were selected and distributed among 800 and 1400 m.a.s.l., and then, 40 individuals of E. nigrita were collected per each altitudinal point to determine the FA levels and the morphological changes using geometric morphometric techniques. We found that the wing size of E. nigrita decreased with increasing altitude. At the highest altitudes, the levels of FA of the wing veins were greater compared to bees from lower altitudes. We detected significant changes in wing morphology along the altitudinal gradient; bees of lower altitudes showed longer and wider wings than bees of higher altitudes, which had narrower and less elongated wings. Our results show a set of morphological adjustments and phenotypic expressions in E. nigrita associated with the variation in environmental conditions along the altitudinal gradient. We highlight the importance of environmental variables as insect-stressor factors, and that FA and geometric morphometric can be excellent tools for monitoring and evaluating environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Sofía Vaca-Sánchez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Pablo Cuevas-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Interacciones Bióticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Israel Munck
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yumi Oki
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moia
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thamires Freitas
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Castelan
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Aniskina TS, Baranova EN, Lebedev SV, Reger NS, Besaliev IN, Panfilov AA, Kryuchkova VA, Gulevich AA. Unexpected Effects of Sulfate and Sodium Chloride Application on Yield Qualitative Characteristics and Symmetry Indicators of Hard and Soft Wheat Kernels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:980. [PMID: 36903841 PMCID: PMC10004740 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of grain quality can lead to limited predictability of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the wheat yield, especially with an increase in the importance of drought and salinity caused by climate change. This study was undertaken with the aim of creating basic tools for phenotyping and assessing the sensitivity of genotypes to salt effects at the level of some wheat kernel attributes. The study considers 36 variants of the experiment, including four wheat cultivars-Zolotaya, Ulyanovskaya 105, Orenburgskaya 10, Orenburgskaya 23; three treatment variants-control (without salt) and two salts exposure (NaCl at a concentration of 1.1 g L-1 and Na2SO4 at a concentration of 0.4 g L-1); as well as three options for the arrangement of kernels in a simple spikelet-left, middle, and right. It has been established that the salt exposure had a positive effect on the percentage of kernel fulfilling in the cultivars Zolotaya, Ulyanovskaya 105, and Orenburgskaya 23 compared to control. The kernels of the Orenburgskaya 10 variety matured better in the experiment with Na2SO4 exposure, while the control variant and NaCl gave the same effect. When exposed to NaCl, significantly greater values of weight, transverse section area, and transverse section perimeter of the kernel were noted in the cv Zolotaya and Ulyanovskaya 105. Cv Orenburgskaya 10 responded positively to the use of Na2SO4. This salt caused an increase in the area, length, and width of the kernel. The fluctuating asymmetry of the left, middle, and right kernels in the spikelet was calculated. In the cv Orenburgskaya 23 the salts affected only the kernel perimeter among parameters examined. The indicators of the general (fluctuating) asymmetry were lower in the experiments with the use of salts, i.e., kernels were more symmetrical than in the control variant, both for the cultivar as a whole and when compared taking into account the kernel location in spikelet. However, this result was unexpected, since salt stress inhibited a number of morphological parameters: the number and average length of embryonic, adventitious, and nodal roots, flag leaf area, plant height, dry biomass accumulation, and plant productivity indicators. The study showed that low concentrations of salts can positively affect the fulfilling of kernels (the absence of a cavity inside the kernel) and the symmetry of the left and right sides of the kernel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Aniskina
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav V. Lebedev
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Nelli S. Reger
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Ishen N. Besaliev
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Panfilov
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Viktoriya A. Kryuchkova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Lugovskaya A. Morphological characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa in the urban ecosystem of Novosibirsk city. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in leaf morphological characteristics in Potentilla fruticosa growing under the transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been studied. Leaf morphological characteristics were determined by computer image analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). It was found that, in response to anthropogenic disturbance, the size of the assimilating organs of plants decreased by a factor of 1.2-4.5 and the leaf fluctuating asymmetry increased compared to these parameters in control plants; the urban area had a high level of environmental pollution, and the control area a low level.
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Korn RW. Modelling the vasculature of the stem of Cyperus involucratus Rottb.: evidence for three patterns of vascular bundles. PLANTA 2016; 244:103-110. [PMID: 26969023 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three independent patterns of vein formation in Cyperus involucratus Rottb. were identified based on rare spontaneous interruptions of scape vein development. A number of developmental anomalies of vascular bundles in Cyperus involucratus Rottb. were identified and they include "turnabout", "absent", "twins", "doublet", amphivasal and various stages of "arrested". These were used to develop a computer program to explain the three vasculature patterns of the scape of (a) ordered deployment of vascular bundles, (b) arrangement of tissues within vascular bundles and (c) orientation of vascular bundles with respect to stem edge. The computer model is a cell-by-cell determination of cell types and facet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Korn
- Biology Department, Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Rd., Louisville, KY, 40219, USA.
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Klisarić NB, Miljković D, Avramov S, Zivković U, Tarasjev A. Fluctuating asymmetry in Robinia pseudoacacia leaves--possible in situ biomarker? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12928-12940. [PMID: 24981034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) leaf traits as a measure of developmental instability in polluted and unpolluted habitats. We aimed to evaluate the potential of this method as a biomarker and its applicability on widely distributed species under in situ conditions. Leaf samples were taken from seven sites--three categorized as unpolluted (natural protected and rural) and four categorized as polluted covering the broad spectrum of intense pollution (industrial and traffic), from 1,489 individual trees in total. Results revealed significant differences in FA with expected higher values in polluted environments. Applicability of FA of R. pseudoaccacia leaf traits as a biomarker for testing potential pollution level, as well as the amount and distribution of sampling effort needed for its application, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Barišić Klisarić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Cuevas-Reyes P, Fernandes GW, González-Rodríguez A, Pimenta M. Effects of generalist and specialist parasitic plants (Loranthaceae) on the fluctuating asymmetry patterns of ruprestrian host plants. Basic Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Contrasting herbivory patterns and leaf fluctuating asymmetry inHeliocarpus pallidusbetween different habitat types within a Mexican tropical dry forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741100006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is considered an important indicator of environmentally induced stress in plants, but the relationship between herbivory and FA levels is not clear. In this study we compared leaf size and shape, leaf area consumed by herbivorous insects, and FA levels between individuals ofHeliocarpus pallidus(Tiliaceae) from two adjacent and contrasting habitat types (deciduous and riparian) in the Chamela–Cuixmala tropical dry-forest biosphere reserve. Ten individuals ofH. palliduswere collected in each habitat type. Leaf shape was assessed using geometric morphometric techniques. Results indicated statistically significant differences in leaf shape between individuals from the two habitat types. In individuals from the riparian habitat leaf area (mean = 42.3 ± 1.2 cm2), herbivory levels (mean = 25.5% ± 1.8%) and FA levels (mean = 0.38 ± 0.04 cm) were significantly higher than in individuals from the deciduous habitat (17.2 ± 3.5 cm2; 9.6% ± 1.0% and 0.18 ± 0.04 cm, respectively). Within habitats, significant correlations were found between total leaf area and percentage leaf area removed by insects (R2= 0.92 in riparian habitats,R2= 0.9 in deciduous habitats), and between percentage leaf area removed and FA (R2= 0.70 in riparian habitats,R2= 0.79 in deciduous habitats). As has been suggested for other plant species, it is possible that the more favourable conditions in the riparian habitat enhance leaf growth, resulting in higher FA. Also, individuals in this habitat might be characterized by lower chemical defence and/or higher nutritional quality, which would explain the higher herbivory levels.
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ALADOS CL, GOTOR P, BALLESTER P, NAVAS D, ESCOS JM, NAVARRO T, CABEZUDO B. Association between competition and facilitation processes and vegetation spatial patterns in alpha steppes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Souza GM, Viana JDOF, Oliveira RFD. Asymmetrical leaves induced by water deficit show asymmetric photosynthesis in common bean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202005000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we tested the hypothesis that leaf asymmetric growth induced by water deficit in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) might be correlated with different net photosynthesis rates between the two opposed leaflets (right and left) considering a bilateral symmetric plane. In order to induce developmental instability, the drought-sensitive common bean genotype "Jalo Precoce" was subjected to periods of suspended irrigation during its vegetative growth. Developmental instability was evaluated by measurements of leaflets asymmetry, and the effects of drought on gas exchanges were taken in both symmetrical leaflets (right and left) in relation to the central leaflet. Water deficit induced an increase of 80 % in leaf asymmetry. Net photosynthesis of P. vulgaris was affected by water deficit in two ways, reducing its physiological yield and increasing its variability between leaflets. Thus, as we hypothesized, the increase in developmental instability, measured by leaf symmetry deviations, was supported by a variable net photosynthesis distribution in the leaves induced by drought.
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Sinclair C, Hoffmann AA. Monitoring salt stress in grapevines: are measures of plant trait variability useful? J Appl Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Møller AP, Shykoff JA. Morphological Developmental Stability in Plants: Patterns and Causes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 1999; 160:S135-S146. [PMID: 10572028 DOI: 10.1086/314219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Minor bilateral or radial asymmetry of leaves or flowers, the frequency of phenodeviants, intraindividual variation in repeated characters, and fractal dimensions of morphology are considered to represent measures of developmental instability since deviations from regularity of the phenotype constitute a measure of the inability to maintain developmental precision during ontogeny. First, we review patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in plants and show that levels of asymmetry are considerably greater than in animals. While petal asymmetry tends to decrease with petal size within species, leaf asymmetry tends to increase with leaf size. Intraspecific correlations of petal asymmetry and leaf asymmetry are weakly positive. Second, a meta-analysis of the effects of environmental factors hypothesized to increase asymmetry in leaves and flowers, such as radiation, ultraviolet light, excess artificial fertilizer, pollutants, extreme saline conditions, herbivory, and competition, showed intermediate (i.e., explaining 10% of the variance) to large (i.e., explaining 25% of the variance) effects. Third, a meta-analysis of the effects of genetic factors hypothesized to contribute to increased asymmetry in plants, such as homozygosity, hybridization, mutation, and quantitative genetic differences among individuals, showed variable but usually significant effects, although the number of studies generally was small. Controlled experimental studies of environmental and genetic effects on developmental instability of plants may increase our understanding of the mechanisms causing developmental instability.
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