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Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Cathemerality: a key temporal niche. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:329-347. [PMID: 37839797 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term 'cathemeral', was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human-mediated pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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2
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Nieto A, Wüest RO, Graham CH, Varassin IG. Diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Oecologia 2023; 201:1025-1037. [PMID: 37027042 PMCID: PMC10113301 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Niche partitioning is an important mechanism that allows species to coexist. Within mutualistic interaction networks, diel niche partitioning, i.e., partitioning of resources throughout the day, has been neglected. We explored diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Brazilian Atlantic forest for nine months. To evaluate diel patterns of hummingbird visits and nectar production, we used time-lapse cameras on focal flowers and repeated nectar volume and concentration measures, respectively. Additionally, we measured flower abundance around focal flowers and flower morphological traits. We did not observe diel partitioning for either hummingbirds or plants. Instead, hummingbirds appeared to specialize in different plant species, consistent with trophic niche partitioning, potentially resulting from competition. In contrast, plant species that co-flowered and shared hummingbird visits produced nectar during similar times, consistent with facilitation. Our focus on the fine-scale temporal pattern revealed that plants and hummingbirds appear to have different strategies for promoting co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nieto
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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3
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Häfker NS, Connan-McGinty S, Hobbs L, McKee D, Cohen JH, Last KS. Animal behavior is central in shaping the realized diel light niche. Commun Biol 2022; 5:562. [PMID: 35676530 PMCID: PMC9177748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnimal behavior in space and time is structured by the perceived day/night cycle. However, this is modified by the animals’ own movement within its habitat, creating a realized diel light niche (RDLN). To understand the RDLN, we investigated the light as experienced by zooplankton undergoing synchronized diel vertical migration (DVM) in an Arctic fjord around the spring equinox. We reveal a highly dampened light cycle with diel changes being about two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the surface or a static depth. The RDLN is further characterized by unique wavelength-specific irradiance cycles. We discuss the relevance of RDLNs for animal adaptations and interactions, as well as implications for circadian clock entrainment in the wild and laboratory.
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4
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Effects of photoperiod and diet on BDNF daily rhythms in diurnal sand rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113666. [PMID: 34808195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptors and epigenetic modulators, are implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, T2DM and the circadian system function. We used diurnal sand rats, which develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM), anxiety and depressive-like behavior under laboratory conditions. The development of these disorders is accelerated when animals are maintained under short photoperiod (5:19L:D, SP) compared to neutral photoperiod (12:12L:D, NP). We compared rhythms in plasma BDNF as well as BDNF and PER2 expression in the frontal cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of sand rats acclimated to SP and NP. Acclimation to SP resulted in higher insulin levels, significantly higher glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test, and significantly higher anxiety- and depression-like behaviors compared with animals acclimated to NP. NP Animals exhibited a significant daily rhythm in plasma BDNF levels with higher levels during the night, and in BDNF expression levels in the frontal cortex and SCN. No significant BDNF rhythm was found in the plasma, frontal cortex or SCN of SP acclimated animals. We propose that in sand rats, BDNF may, at least in part, mediate the effects of circadian disruption on the development of anxiety and depressive-like behavior and T2DM.
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Kasozi H, Moll RJ, Kityo RM, Montgomery RA. Phylogeny is a stronger predictor of activity than allometry in an African mammal community. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In promoting coexistence, sympatric species often partition shared resources along spatio-temporal domains. Similarly sized and phylogenetically close species, for instance, partition the times of day in which they are active to limit interference competition. Given that variation in species body mass has evolutionary underpinnings, species activity levels (time spent active in a 24-h daily cycle) within animal communities might be structured by phylogeny. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis across animal communities, and none among medium-sized to large mammals. We quantified the relative contributions of phylogeny and body mass in predicting activity levels in a community of 22 sympatric mammal species in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda. We show that phylogeny is a stronger predictor of species activity levels than body mass. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the phylogenetic structuring of mammal activity in diverse communities. More broadly, our results suggest that evolutionary relationships mask allometry in predicting species traits in diverse animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kasozi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 14 Natural Resources, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, 56 College Road, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxfordshire, UK
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6
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Desbiez ALJ, Kluyber D, Massocato GF, Attias N. Methods for the characterization of activity patterns in elusive species: the giant armadillo in the Brazilian Pantanal. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. J. Desbiez
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- RZSS ‐ Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Murrayfield Edinburgh UK
| | - D. Kluyber
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens Naples FL USA
| | - G. F. Massocato
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- Houston Zoo Houston TX USA
| | - N. Attias
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Cidade Universitária Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
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7
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Lear KO, Whitney NM, Morris JJ, Gleiss AC. Temporal niche partitioning as a novel mechanism promoting co-existence of sympatric predators in marine systems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210816. [PMID: 34229487 PMCID: PMC8261200 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Niche partitioning of time, space or resources is considered the key to allowing the coexistence of competitor species, and particularly guilds of predators. However, the extent to which these processes occur in marine systems is poorly understood due to the difficulty in studying fine-scale movements and activity patterns in mobile underwater species. Here, we used acceleration data-loggers to investigate temporal partitioning in a guild of marine predators. Six species of co-occurring large coastal sharks demonstrated distinct diel patterns of activity, providing evidence of strong temporal partitioning of foraging times. This is the first instance of diel temporal niche partitioning described in a marine predator guild, and is probably driven by a combination of physiological constraints in diel timing of activity (e.g. sensory adaptations) and interference competition (hierarchical predation within the guild), which may force less dominant predators to suboptimal foraging times to avoid agonistic interactions. Temporal partitioning is often thought to be rare compared to other partitioning mechanisms, but the occurrence of temporal partitioning here and similar characteristics in many other marine ecosystems (multiple predators simultaneously present in the same space with dietary overlap) introduces the question of whether this is a common mechanism of resource division in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa O Lear
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Whitney
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - John J Morris
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Adrian C Gleiss
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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8
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Beltran RS, Kendall-Bar JM, Pirotta E, Adachi T, Naito Y, Takahashi A, Cremers J, Robinson PW, Crocker DE, Costa DP. Lightscapes of fear: How mesopredators balance starvation and predation in the open ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/12/eabd9818. [PMID: 33731347 PMCID: PMC7968837 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Like landscapes of fear, animals are hypothesized to strategically use lightscapes based on intrinsic motivations. However, longitudinal evidence of state-dependent risk aversion has been difficult to obtain in wild animals. Using high-resolution biologgers, we continuously measured body condition, time partitioning, three-dimensional movement, and risk exposure of 71 elephant seals throughout their 7-month foraging migrations (N = 16,000 seal days). As body condition improved from 21 to 32% fat and daylength declined from 16 to 10 hours, seals rested progressively earlier with respect to sunrise, sacrificing valuable nocturnal foraging hours to rest in the safety of darkness. Seals in superior body condition prioritized safety over energy conservation by resting >100 meters deeper where it was 300× darker. Together, these results provide empirical evidence that marine mammals actively use the three-dimensional lightscape to optimize risk-reward trade-offs based on ecological and physiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kendall-Bar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Pirotta
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Taiki Adachi
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Yasuhiko Naito
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jolien Cremers
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick W Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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9
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Molecular characterization of Acomys louisae from Somaliland: a deep divergence and contrasting genetic patterns in a rift zone. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Frey S, Volpe JP, Heim NA, Paczkowski J, Fisher JT. Move to nocturnality not a universal trend in carnivore species on disturbed landscapes. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Frey
- Univ. of Victoria, School of Environmental Studies PO Box 3060, STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 3R4 Canada
| | - J. P. Volpe
- Univ. of Victoria, School of Environmental Studies PO Box 3060, STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 3R4 Canada
| | - N. A. Heim
- Alberta Environment and Parks Alberta Canada
| | | | - J. T. Fisher
- Univ. of Victoria, School of Environmental Studies PO Box 3060, STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 3R4 Canada
- InnoTech Alberta Victoria BC Canada
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11
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Refinetti R. Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:321-362. [PMID: 33251281 PMCID: PMC7678948 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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12
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Bonnot NC, Couriot O, Berger A, Cagnacci F, Ciuti S, De Groeve JE, Gehr B, Heurich M, Kjellander P, Kröschel M, Morellet N, Sönnichsen L, Hewison AJM. Fear of the dark? Contrasting impacts of humans versus lynx on diel activity of roe deer across Europe. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:132-145. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège C. Bonnot
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
- UR EFNO Irstea Nogent‐sur‐Vernisson France
| | | | - Anne Berger
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation Centre San Michele all’Adige Italy
| | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Johannes E. De Groeve
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation Centre San Michele all’Adige Italy
- Department of Geography Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Benedikt Gehr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Heurich
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Max Kröschel
- Division of Wildlife Ecology Forest Research Institute of Baden‐Württemberg Freiburg Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Leif Sönnichsen
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
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13
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Doody JS, McHenry CR, Rhind D, Clulow S. Novel habitat causes a shift to diurnal activity in a nocturnal species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:230. [PMID: 30659222 PMCID: PMC6338733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic responses may allow individuals to survive and reproduce in novel environments, and can facilitate the establishment of viable populations. But can novel environments reveal plasticity by causing a shift in a behavior as fundamental and conspicuous as daily activity? We studied daily activity times near the invasion front of the cane toad (Rhinella marina), an invasive species that has colonized much of northern Australia. Cane toads in Australia are nocturnal, probably because diurnal activity would subject them to intolerably hot and dry conditions in the tropical savannah during the dry season. Our study can demonstrate, however, that upon reaching novel environments some toad populations became diurnal. Sandstone gorges offered cane toads novel, deeply shaded habitat. Gorges with an east-west axis (day-long northern shadow), narrow gorges and narrow sections of gorges contained toads that were primarily diurnal, while gorges with a north-south axis, wide gorges and wide sections of gorges contained mainly nocturnal toads. For example, remote camera data (1314 observations of toad activity times over 789 trap days) revealed strictly nocturnal activity at four ‘exposed’ sites (99% of 144 observations over 179 days), compared to mostly diurnal activity at a ‘shaded’ site (78% of 254 observations). Visual encounter surveys confirmed that diurnal activity occurred exclusively at shaded sites, while most nocturnal activity occurred at exposed sites. The close proximity of diurnal and nocturnal toads (4–7 km) provided compelling evidence for the abovementioned physical factors as the proximate cause of the behavioral dichotomy, and for a novel (deeply shaded gorges) environment causing the shift to diurnal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sean Doody
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida - St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA. .,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| | - Colin R McHenry
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - David Rhind
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Clulow
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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14
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Levy O, Dayan T, Porter WP, Kronfeld-Schor N. Time and ecological resilience: can diurnal animals compensate for climate change by shifting to nocturnal activity? ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Levy
- School of Zoology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Tamar Dayan
- School of Zoology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Warren P. Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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15
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Katz N, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. Fitness effects of interspecific competition between two species of desert rodents. ZOOLOGY 2018; 128:62-68. [PMID: 29699824 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Many factors affect individual fitness, but while some factors, such as resource availability, have received strong experimental support, others including interspecific competition have rarely been quantified. Nevertheless, interspecific competition is commonly mentioned in the context of reproductive success and fitness. In general, when reproduction is likely to fail, reproductive suppression may occur. We studied the golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus) and the common spiny mouse (A. cahirinus; however, recent molecular analysis in spiny mice from Jordan and Sinai suggests this species is A. dimidiatus (Frynta et al., 2010), as a model for the effect of competition on reproduction in four field enclosures: two populated only by A. russatus individuals, and two populated by individuals of both species. In presence of A. cahirinus, fitness of A. russatus was lower: the number of A. rusatus offspring was significantly lower; more males had regressed testes (indicating reproductive depression); more A. russatus young had damaged tails. However, no clear effect was evident in A. russatus female vaginal smear cytology. We conclude that the presence of A. cahirinus impairs fitness and reproductive success of A. russatus. While various direct and/or indirect mechanisms may be responsible for the effect of competition on reproduction, a plausible mechanism is increased use of torpor induced by the presence of A. cahirinus previously documented in A. russatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Katz
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Tamar Dayan
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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16
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Niche Partitioning among Mesocarnivores in a Brazilian Wetland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162893. [PMID: 27685854 PMCID: PMC5042497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the home range size, habitat selection, as well as the spatial and activity overlap, of four mid-sized carnivore species in the Central Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From December 2005 to September 2008, seven crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous, seven brown-nosed coatis Nasua nasua, and six ocelots Leopardus pardalis were radio-collared and monitored. Camera trap data on these species were also collected for the crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus. We hypothesized that there would be large niche differentiation in preferred habitat-type or active period between generalist species with similar diet, and higher similarity in habitat-type or activity time between the generalist species (crab-eating foxes and coatis) and the more specialized ocelot. Individual home ranges were estimated using the utilization distribution index (UD– 95% fixed Kernel). With data obtained from radio-collared individuals, we evaluated habitat selection using compositional analysis. Median home range size of ocelots was 8 km2. The proportion of habitats within the home ranges of ocelots did not differ from the overall habitat proportion in the study area, but ocelots preferentially used forest within their home range. The median home range size of crab-eating foxes was 1.4 km2. Foxes showed second-order habitat selection and selected savanna over shrub-savanna vegetation. The median home range size for coati was 1.5 km2. Coati home ranges were located randomly in the study area. However, within their home range, coatis occurred more frequently in savanna than in other vegetation types. Among the four species, the overlap in activity period was the highest (87%) between ocelots and raccoons, with the least overlap occurring between the ocelot and coati (25%). We suggest that temporal segregation of carnivores was more important than spatial segregation, notably between the generalist coati, crab-eating fox and crab-eating raccoon.
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17
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Cao C, Shuai LY, Xin XP, Liu ZT, Song YL, Zeng ZG. Effects of cattle grazing on small mammal communities in the Hulunber meadow steppe. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2349. [PMID: 27635323 PMCID: PMC5012293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small mammals play important roles in many ecosystems, and understanding their response to disturbances such as cattle grazing is fundamental for developing sustainable land use strategies. However, how small mammals respond to cattle grazing remains controversial. A potential cause is that most of previous studies adopt rather simple experimental designs based solely on the presence/absence of grazing, and are thus unable to detect any complex relationships between diversity and grazing intensity. In this study, we conducted manipulated experiments in the Hulunber meadow steppe to survey small mammal community structures under four levels of grazing intensities. We found dramatic changes in species composition in native small mammal communities when grazing intensity reached intermediate levels (0.46 animal unit/ha). As grazing intensity increased, Spermophilus dauricus gradually became the single dominant species. Species richness and diversity of small mammals in ungrazed and lightly grazed (0.23 animal unit/ha) area were much higher than in intermediately and heavily grazed area. We did not detect a humped relationship between small mammal diversity and disturbance levels predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH). Our study highlighted the necessity of conducting manipulated experiments under multiple grazing intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ying Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Levy O, Dayan T, Porter WP, Kronfeld-Schor N. Foraging Activity Pattern Is Shaped by Water Loss Rates in a Diurnal Desert Rodent. Am Nat 2016; 188:205-18. [PMID: 27420785 DOI: 10.1086/687246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although animals fine-tune their activity to avoid excess heat, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of such behaviors. As the global climate changes, such understanding is particularly important for projecting shifts in the activity patterns of populations and communities. We studied how foraging decisions vary with biotic and abiotic pressures. By tracking the foraging behavior of diurnal desert spiny mice in their natural habitat and estimating the energy and water costs and benefits of foraging, we asked how risk management and thermoregulatory requirements affect foraging decisions. We found that water requirements had the strongest effect on the observed foraging decisions. In their arid environment, mice often lose water while foraging for seeds and cease foraging even at high energetic returns when water loss is high. Mice also foraged more often when energy expenditure was high and for longer times under high seed densities and low predation risks. Gaining insight into both energy and water balance will be crucial to understanding the forces exerted by changing climatic conditions on animal energetics, behavior, and ecology.
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Oliveira MLD, Peres PHDF, Vogliotti A, Grotta-Neto F, Azevedo ADKD, Cerveira JF, Nascimento GBD, Peruzzi NJ, Carranza J, Duarte JMB. Phylogenetic signal in the circadian rhythm of morphologically convergent species of Neotropical deer. Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Being active in the same environment at different times exposes animals to the effects of very different environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic. In the present study, we used live traps equipped with timing devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors (competition and food abundance) on overall overlap in the temporal niche axis of 4 insectivorous small mammals in high-elevation grassland fields ('campos de altitude') of southern Brazil. Based on resources availability (invertebrates), data on animal captures were pooled in 2 seasons: 'scarcity' (June 2001-September 2001) and 'abundance' (November 2001-May 2002) seasons. We tested for non-random structure in temporal niche overlap among the species in each season. These species were the rodents Oxymycterus nasutus (Waterhouse, 1837), Deltamys sp., Akodon azarae (Fischer, 1829), and the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers, 1818. The studied community was mainly diurnal with crepuscular peaks. Simulations using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the empirical assemblage-wide overlap was not significantly different from randomly generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity season. All the species showed an increase in temporal niche breadth during the abundance season, which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal temperatures. Patterns on both temporal niche overlap and temporal niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determined by competition for dietary resources. Therefore, we conclude that competition did not seem to be preponderant for determining patterns of temporal niche overlap by the studied community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson M Vieira
- Laboratory of Ecology of Mammals, Zoology, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
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22
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Shuai LY, Ren CL, Cao C, Song YL, Zeng ZG. Shifts in activity patterns ofMicrotus gregalis: a role of competition or temperature? J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/13-mamm-a-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Kadye WT, Booth AJ. Alternative responses to predation in two headwater stream minnows is reflected in their contrasting diel activity patterns. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93666. [PMID: 24691382 PMCID: PMC3972241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals exhibit diel periodicity in their activity in part to meet energy requirements whilst evading predation. A competing hypothesis suggests that partitioning of diel activities is less important because animals capitalise on opportunity. To test these hypotheses we examined the diel activity patterns for two cyprinid minnows, chubbyhead barb Barbus anoplus and the Eastern Cape redfin minnow Pseudobarbus afer that both occur within headwater streams in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Chubbyhead barbs exhibited consistent nocturnal activity based on both field and laboratory observations. Due to the absence of fish predators within its habitat, its nocturnal behaviour suggests a response to the cost associated with diurnal activity, such as predation risk by diving and wading birds. In contrast, redfin minnows showed high diurnal activity and a shoaling behaviour in the wild, whereas, in the laboratory, they showed high refuge use during the diel cycle. Despite their preference for refuge in the laboratory, they were diurnally active, a behaviour that was consistent with observations in the wild. The diurnal activity of this species suggests a response to the cost associated with nocturnal activity. Such a cost could be inferred from the presence of the longfin eel, a native predator that was active at night, whereas the daytime shoaling behaviour suggests an anti-predator mechanism to diurnal visual predators. The implications of these findings relate to the impacts associated with the potential invasions by non-native piscivores that occur in the mainstem sections. Diurnal activity patterns for redfin minnows, that are IUCN-listed as endangered, may, in part, explain their susceptibility to high predation by visual non-native piscivores, such as bass and trout. In contrast, the nocturnal habits of chubbyhead barbs suggest a probable pre-adaptation to visual predation. The likelihood of invasion by nocturnally-active sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, however, may compromise this prior advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert T. Kadye
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Anthony J. Booth
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Ashkenazy-Frolinger T, Einat H, Kronfeld-Schor N. Diurnal rodents as an advantageous model for affective disorders: novel data from diurnal degu (Octodon degus). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 122 Suppl 1:S35-45. [PMID: 24352409 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are strongly associated with affective disorders and recent studies have suggested utilization of diurnal rodents as model animal for circadian rhythms-related domains of these disorders. Previous work with the diurnal fat sand rat and Nile grass rat demonstrated that short photoperiod conditions result in behavioral changes including anxiety- and depression-like behavior. The present study examined the effect of manipulating day length on activity rhythms and behavior of the diurnal degu. Animals were housed for 3 weeks under either a short photoperiod (5-h:19-h LD) or a neutral photoperiod (12-h:12-h LD) and then evaluated by sweet solution test and the forced swim test for depression-like behavior, and in the light/dark box and open field for anxiety-like behavior. Results indicate that short photoperiod induced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test and the sweet solution preference test and anxiety-like behavior in the open field compared with animals maintained in a neutral photoperiod. No effects were shown in the light/dark box. Short photoperiod-acclimated degu showed reduced total activity duration and activity was not restricted to the light phase. The present study further supports the utilization of diurnal rodents to model circadian rhythms-related affective change. Beyond the possible diversity in the mechanisms underlying diurnality in different animals, there are now evidences that in three different diurnal species, the fat sand rat, the grass Nile rat and the degu, shortening of photoperiod results in the appearance of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
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Unusual temporal niche overlap in a phytophagous bat ensemble of western Cuba. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467413000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:We assessed the differences and similarities in diel activities among five phytophagous bat species at two habitats over two seasons within the Sierra del Rosario Biosphere Reserve in Cuba. We characterized temporal patterns of activity and overlap of temporal activity for frugivore and nectarivore bat species (Artibeus jamaicensis, Monophyllus redmani, Phyllonycteris poeyi, Phyllops falcatus and Brachyphylla nana) that occur in tropical evergreen forest sites with distinct altitude and vegetation structure during wet and dry seasons. Capture frequencies using mist-nets of 1180 capture events were the empirical basis for analyses. For each species we compared activity patterns between habitats, between seasons, between males and females, as well as between reproductive and non-reproductive females. We also assessed temporal overlap among each possible pair of species at each habitat and used Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate assemblage-wide temporal niche overlap using a new algorithm, termed Rosario, designed specifically for temporal data. The two habitats had the same species composition and bat diel rhythms tended to be consistent across habitats, seasons and sexes for most bat species. In general bat species pairwise temporal niche overlap was high, and the ensemble-wide temporal overlap was consistently high across habitats and seasons indicating a common constraint for bat activities. Activity peaks of most bat species coincided at 4–5 h after sunset, this being in sharp contrast to other Neotropical bat assemblages at continental sites where activity peaks usually overlap within the first 2 h after sunset. This strong disparity in timing of activity peaks between continental and insular bat assemblages can provide the framework for the generation of hypotheses that explain the potential role of time as a mediator of ecological interactions in bat assemblages.
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Abstract
Animals, plants, and microorganisms exhibit numerous biological rhythms that are generated by numerous biological clocks. This article summarizes experimental data pertinent to the often-ignored issue of integration of multiple rhythms. Five contexts of integration are discussed: (i) integration of circadian rhythms of multiple processes within an individual organism, (ii) integration of biological rhythms operating in different time scales (such as tidal, daily, and seasonal), (iii) integration of rhythms across multiple species, (iv) integration of rhythms of different members of a species, and (v) integration of rhythmicity and physiological homeostasis. Understanding of these multiple rhythmic interactions is an important first step in the eventual thorough understanding of how organisms arrange their vital functions temporally within and without their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Walterboro, South Carolina, USA.
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27
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Scheibler E, Wollnik F, Brodbeck D, Hummel E, Yuan S, Zhang FS, Zhang XD, Fu HP, Wu XD. Species composition and interspecific behavior affects activity pattern of free-living desert hamsters in the Alashan Desert. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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28
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That’s hot: golden spiny mice display torpor even at high ambient temperatures. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 183:567-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Brook LA, Johnson CN, Ritchie EG. Effects of predator control on behaviour of an apex predator and indirect consequences for mesopredator suppression. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila A. Brook
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD; 4811; Australia
| | | | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood; VIC; 3125; Australia
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30
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Levy O, Dayan T, Rotics S, Kronfeld-Schor N. Foraging sequence, energy intake and torpor: an individual-based field study of energy balancing in desert golden spiny mice. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:1240-1248. [PMID: 22906198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between sequence of foraging, energy acquired and use of torpor as an energy-balancing strategy in diurnally active desert golden spiny mice. We hypothesised that individuals that arrive earlier to forage will get higher returns and consequently spend less time torpid. If that is the case, then early foragers can be viewed as more successful; if the same individuals arrive repeatedly early, they are likely to have higher fitness under conditions of resource limitation. For the first time, we show a relationship between foraging sequence and amount of resources removed, with individuals that arrive later to a foraging patch tending to receive lower energetic returns and to spend more time torpid. Torpor bears not only benefits but also significant costs, so these individuals pay a price both in lower energy intake and in extended periods of torpor, in what may well be a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Levy
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Dayan
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shay Rotics
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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31
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Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N, Porter WP. Biophysical Modeling of the Temporal Niche: From First Principles to the Evolution of Activity Patterns. Am Nat 2012; 179:794-804. [DOI: 10.1086/665645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Stewart KM, Bowyer RT, Dick BL, Kie JG. Effects of density dependence on diet composition of North American elk Cervus elaphus and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus: an experimental manipulation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2981/10-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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33
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Rasmussen GSA, Macdonald DW. Masking of the zeitgeber: African wild dogs mitigate persecution by balancing time. J Zool (1987) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney; Oxon; UK
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34
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Moore AF, Kawasaki M, Menaker M. Photic induction of locomotor activity is correlated with photic habitat in Anolis lizards. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 198:193-201. [PMID: 22089083 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A variety of ecologically important behaviors, including circadian rhythms and seasonal reproduction, are influenced by non-visual responses to light, yet very little is known about the relationship between photic habitat and non-visual photoreception. Puerto Rican Anolis lizards have diverged into multiple photic niches, making them a good model for non-visual photosensory ecology. We investigated the photic induction of locomotor activity, a non-visual response to light, in four species of Anolis comprising two pairs of closely related, ecomorphologically similar species whose microhabitats differ in solar irradiance. We developed a device for continuous, automated detection and recording of anole locomotor activity, and used it to characterize activity under 12:12 h light-dark cycles. Next, we administered a series of 2-h light pulses during the dark period of the light-dark cycle and measured the increase in locomotor activity relative to baseline dark activity. Five different irradiances (ranging from very dim to daytime levels) were given to each individual lizard on separate nights. As expected, light caused an irradiance-dependent increase in locomotor activity in all four species. The responses at the highest irradiances were significantly greater in species occupying relatively more shaded habitats, suggesting that non-visual photoreception may be adapted to habitat light in Anolis lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli F Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA
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35
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Kronfeld-Schor N, Einat H. Circadian rhythms and depression: human psychopathology and animal models. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:101-14. [PMID: 21871466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms (including humans) developed daily rhythms in almost every aspect of their body. It is not surprising that rhythms are also related to affect in health and disease. In the present review we present data that demonstrate the evidence for significant interactions between circadian rhythms and affect from both human studies and animal models research. A number of lines of evidence obtained from human and from animal models research clearly demonstrate relationships between depression and circadian rhythms including (1) daily patterns of depression; (2) seasonal affective disorder; (3) connections between circadian clock genes and depression; (4) relationship between sleep disorders and depression; (5) the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation; (6) the antidepressant effect of bright light exposure; and (7) the effects of antidepressant drugs on sleep and circadian rhythms. The integration of data suggests that the relationships between the circadian system and depression are well established but the underlying biology of the interactions is far from being understood. We suggest that an important factor hindering research into the underlying mechanisms is the lack of good animal models and we propose that additional efforts in that area should be made. One step in that direction could be the attempt to develop models utilizing diurnal animals which might have a better homology to humans with regard to their circadian rhythms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.
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36
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Gutman R, Dayan T, Levy O, Schubert I, Kronfeld-Schor N. The effect of the lunar cycle on fecal cortisol metabolite levels and foraging ecology of nocturnally and diurnally active spiny mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23446. [PMID: 21829733 PMCID: PMC3150436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied stress hormones and foraging of nocturnal Acomys cahirinus and diurnal A. russatus in field populations as well as in two field enclosures populated by both species and two field enclosures with individuals of A. russatus alone. When alone, A. russatus individuals become also nocturnally active. We asked whether nocturnally active A. russatus will respond to moon phase and whether this response will be obtained also in diurnally active individuals. We studied giving-up densities (GUDs) in artificial foraging patches and fecal cortisol metabolite levels. Both species exhibited elevated fecal cortisol metabolite levels and foraged to higher GUDs in full moon nights; thus A. russatus retains physiological response and behavioral patterns that correlate with full moon conditions, as can be expected in nocturnal rodents, in spite of its diurnal activity. The endocrinological and behavioral response of this diurnal species to moon phase reflects its evolutionary heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Gutman
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Dayan
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Ofir Levy
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Schubert
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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37
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Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. Interspecific Competition and Torpor in Golden Spiny Mice: Two Sides of the Energy-Acquisition Coin. Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:441-8. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Fox RJ, Bellwood DR. Unconstrained by the clock? Plasticity of diel activity rhythm in a tropical reef fish, Siganus lineatus. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. Adaptive Thermoregulation in Golden Spiny Mice: The Influence of Season and Food Availability on Body Temperature. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:175-84. [DOI: 10.1086/658171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Rotics S, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. Effect of artificial night lighting on temporally partitioned spiny mice. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/10-mamm-a-112.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Rotics S, Dayan T, Levy O, Kronfeld-Schor N. Light Masking in the Field: An Experiment with Nocturnal and Diurnal Spiny Mice Under Semi-natural Field Conditions. Chronobiol Int 2010; 28:70-5. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.525674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Castro-Arellano I, Lacher TE, Willig MR, Rangel TF. Assessment of assemblage-wide temporal niche segregation using null models. Methods Ecol Evol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Cohen R, Kronfeld-Schor N, Ramanathan C, Baumgras A, Smale L. The substructure of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Similarities between nocturnal and diurnal spiny mice. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2010; 75:9-22. [PMID: 20134153 DOI: 10.1159/000282172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions between nocturnal and diurnal patterns of adaptation to the day-night cycle must have involved fundamental changes in the neural mechanisms that coordinate the daily patterning of activity, but little is known about how these mechanisms differ. One reason is that information on these systems in very closely related diurnal and nocturnal species is lacking. In this study, we characterize the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the primary brain structure involved in the generation and coordination of circadian rhythms, in two members of the genus Acomys with very different activity patterns, Acomys russatus (the golden spiny mouse, diurnal) and Acomys cahirinus (the common spiny mouse, nocturnal). Immunohistochemical techniques were used to label cell bodies containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), vasopressin (VP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and calbindin (CalB) in the SCN, as well as two sets of inputs to it, those containing serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively. All were present in the SCN of both species and no differences between them were seen. On the basis of neuronal phenotype, the SCN was organized into three basic regions that contained VIP-immunoreactive (-ir), CalB-ir and VP-ir cells, in the ventral, middle and dorsal SCN, respectively. In the rostral SCN, GRP-ir cells were in both the VIP and the CalB cell regions, and in the caudal area they were distributed across a portion of each of the other three regions. Fibers containing NPY-ir and serotonin (5-HT)-ir were most concentrated in the areas containing VIP-ir and CalB-ir cells, respectively. The details of the spatial relationships among the labeled cells and fibers seen here are discussed in relation to different approaches investigators have taken to characterize the SCN more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Cohen
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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44
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Temporal niche segregation in two rodent assemblages of subtropical Mexico. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467409990186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Temporal niche partitioning can be a viable mechanism for coexistence, but has received less attention than other niche axes. We characterized and compared patterns of activity, and overlap of temporal activity among the five common rodent species from a tropical semideciduous forest (TSF) and between the two common rodent species from cloud forest (CF) at El Cielo Biosphere Reserve in Mexico. Capture frequencies over 2-h intervals, obtained via live trapping (6850 trap-nights) in chosen months over 3 y formed the empirical basis for analyses. Trap transects were set from 19h00 to 07h00 and checked every 2 h. Analyses of 484 captures evinced two distinct assemblages. The TSF assemblage was diverse and with non-random temporal niche segregation, whereas the CF assemblage was depauperate with its two dominant species evincing the same activity pattern. Predator avoidance between open- and closed-microhabitat species, as well as niche complementarity may explain temporal segregation at TSF. This is the first documentation of assemblage-wide non-random temporal segregation of neotropical rodents. Time of activity may be a largely under-appreciated mechanism in other species-rich tropical rodent assemblages as well as in other species-rich biotas.
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Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. The Relationship between the Golden Spiny Mouse Circadian System and Its Diurnal Activity: An Experimental Field Enclosures and Laboratory Study. Chronobiol Int 2009; 24:599-613. [PMID: 17701675 DOI: 10.1080/07420520701534640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Examples of animals that switch activity times between nocturnality and diurnality in nature are relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the mechanism for switching activity time is not clear: does a complete inversion of the circadian system occur in conjunction with activity pattern? Are there switching centers downstream from the internal clock that interpret the clock differently? Or does the switch reflect a masking effect? Answering these key questions may shed light on the mechanisms regulating activity patterns and their evolution. The golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus) can switch between nocturnal and diurnal activity. This study investigated the relationship between its internal circadian clock and its diurnal activity pattern observed in the field. The goal is to understand the mechanisms underlying species rhythm shifts in order to gain insight into the evolution of activity patterns. All golden spiny mice had opposite activity patterns in the field than those under controlled continuous dark conditions in the laboratory. Activity and body temperature patterns in the field were diurnal, while in the laboratory all individuals immediately showed a free-running rhythm starting with a nocturnal pattern. No phase transients were found toward the preferred nocturnal activity pattern, as would be expected in the case of true entrainment. Moreover, the fact that the free-running activity patterns began from the individuals' subjective night suggests that golden spiny mice are nocturnal and that their diurnality in their natural habitat in the field results from a change that is downstream to the internal clock or reflects a masking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Levy
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Cohen R, Smale L, Kronfeld‐Schor N. Plasticity of Circadian Activity and Body Temperature Rhythms in Golden Spiny Mice. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:430-46. [DOI: 10.1080/07420520902820939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scheibler E, Wollnik F. Interspecific contact affects phase response and activity in Desert hamsters. Physiol Behav 2009; 98:288-95. [PMID: 19524601 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms enhance survival and reproductive fitness of animals by promoting optimal timing of behavior and physiology with reference to geophysical changes in environment. Although light is considered the dominant stimulus for entraining circadian rhythms, social stimuli can also act as zeitgebers. The aim of this study was to analyze how Desert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) coordinate their behavior in time with that of animals of another competing species (Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus). First, the behavior of hamsters was analyzed during a step-wise avoidance test. Two effects were observed: a) spatial separation if it was possible or b) shortening of the activity period due to contact without chance for avoidance. The latter finding was now further analyzed using a phase response curve (PRC). Here, phase shifts of Desert hamsters caused by single social interactions with Mongolian gerbils were quantified. Phase advances during the rest period were found at CT3 and CT9, a similar tendency was observed at CT6. A second phase advance was determined at CT18, coinciding with the end of the activity period. Then, it was tested whether additional activity during the stimulus was a trigger for the phase response. Although an increase in activity occurred especially when stimuli were applied during the rest period, there was no general relation between additional activity measured and the phase response shown. Overall, relevance of interspecific contact as nonphotic zeitgeber was indicated by phase shifts in a phase response curve. The shape of it can be explained by two behavioral adaptations; stress and contact avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Scheibler
- University Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Dept. of Animal Physiology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D - 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Donati G, Baldi N, Morelli V, Ganzhorn JU, Borgognini-Tarli SM. Proximate and ultimate determinants of cathemeral activity in brown lemurs. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Rosato
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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DEVRIES PHILIPJ, AUSTIN GEORGET, MARTIN NOLANDH. Diel activity and reproductive isolation in a diverse assemblage of Neotropical skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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