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Faria-Teixeira MC, Tordera C, Salvado E Silva F, Vaz-Carneiro A, Iglesias-Linares A. Craniofacial syndromes and class III phenotype: common genotype fingerprints? A scoping review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1455-1475. [PMID: 38347173 PMCID: PMC11126392 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal Class III (SCIII) is among the most challenging craniofacial dysmorphologies to treat. There is, however, a knowledge gap regarding which syndromes share this clinical phenotype. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify the syndromes affected by the SCIII phenotype; (ii) clarify the involvement of maxillary and/or mandibular structures; (iii) explore shared genetic/molecular mechanisms. A two-step strategy was designed: [Step#1] OMIM, MHDD, HPO, GeneReviews and MedGen databases were explored; [Step#2]: Syndromic conditions indexed in [Step#1] were explored in Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, WOS and OpenGrey. Eligibility criteria were defined. Individual studies were assessed for risk of bias using the New Ottawa Scale. For quantitative analysis, a meta-analysis was conducted. This scoping review is a hypothesis-generating research. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria. Eight syndromes affected by the SCIII were targeted: Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, achondroplasia, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLED), tricho-dento-osseous syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, Klinefelter and Down syndromes. Despite heterogeneity between studies [p < 0.05], overall effects showed that midface components were affected in Apert and Down Syndromes, lower face in Klinefelter Syndrome and midface and lower face components in XLED. Our review provides new evidence on the craniofacial characteristics of genetically confirmed syndromes exhibiting the SCIII phenotype. Four major regulatory pathways might have a modulatory effect on this phenotype. IMPACT: What does this review add to the existing literature? To date, there is no literature exploring which particular syndromes exhibit mandibular prognathism as a common trait. Through this research, it was possibly to identify the particular syndromes that share the skeletal Class III phenotype (mandibular prognathism) as a common trait highlighting the common genetic and molecular pathways between different syndromes acknowledging their impact in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- University of Lisbon, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Stomatology, 1200, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Tordera
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology) Research Group, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Toral López J, Gómez Martinez S, Rivera Vega MDR, Hernández-Zamora E, Cuevas Covarrubias S, Ibarra Castrejón BA, González Huerta LM. New Genetic Variants of RUNX2 in Mexican Families Cause Cleidocranial Dysplasia. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:173. [PMID: 38534443 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by persistent open skull sutures with bulging calvaria, hypoplasia, or aplasia of clavicles permitting abnormal opposition of the shoulders; wide public symphysis; short middle phalanx of the fifth fingers; and vertebral, craniofacial, and dental anomalies. It is a rare disease, with a prevalence of 1-9/1,000,000, high penetrance, and variable expression. The gene responsible for CCD is the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. We characterize the clinical, genetic, and bioinformatic results of four CCD cases: two cases within Mexican families with six affected members, nine asymptomatic individuals, and two sporadic cases with CCD, with one hundred healthy controls. Genomic DNA analyses of the RUNX2 gene were performed for Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the function, stability, and structural changes of the mutated RUNX2 proteins. Three novel heterozygous mutations (c.651_652delTA; c.538_539delinsCA; c.662T>A) and a previously reported mutation (c.674G>A) were detected. In silico analysis showed that all mutations had functional, stability-related, and structural alterations in the RUNX2 protein. Our results show novel mutations that enrich the pool of RUNX2 gene mutations with CCD. Moreover, the proband 1 presented clinical data not previously reported that could represent an expanded phenotype of severe expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Toral López
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Médico Ecatepec ISSEMYM, Ecatepec 55000, México State, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez Martinez
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México "Eduardo Liceaga" (HGM), México City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Hernández-Zamora
- Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", México City 14389, Mexico
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3
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Berber U, Gül Şıraz Ü, Yakubi M, Gök E, Kara L, Kiraz A, Dündar M, Hatipoglu N. A Case Series of Three Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Considerations. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241234742. [PMID: 38414358 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241234742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic condition that affects the bones and teeth. In our study, we presented three cases of CCD, including one with a new mutation and two with a family history. Case 1 had a unique heterozygous frameshift mutation (NM_001015051,c.762del, p.(Ser256Valfs*2)), while Case 2 and her brother (Case 3) had a common pathogenic missense mutation (NM_001015051,c.674G, p.Arg225Gln), which was also found in their father. The mutation in Case 1 was not reported before. Interestingly, the symptoms in Case 1, with the new mutation, were less severe than the other cases and the previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Berber
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Gül Şıraz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yakubi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gök
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leyla Kara
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Kiraz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dündar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nihal Hatipoglu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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4
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Lips A, Calvano Küchler E, Ribeiro Madalena I, Nivoloni Tannure P, Santos Antunes L, Azeredo Alves Antunes L, Castro Costa M, Proff P, Kirschneck C, Baratto-Filho F. Non-syndromic supernumerary teeth and association with a self-reported family history of cancer. J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00504-z. [PMID: 38051344 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supernumerary teeth are an alteration of dental developmental and result in the formation of teeth above the usual number. Epidemiologic studies suggested that patients with dentofacial anomalies and their family members may present an increased risk of developing cancer, including female breast cancer and gynecologic cancers. These observations indicate that genetic alterations that result in dental anomalies may be related to cancer development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between supernumerary teeth and a family history of female breast cancer and gynecologic cancers. METHODS The diagnosis of supernumerary teeth was based on clinical and radiographic examinations. For data collection, a questionnaire asking for information regarding ethnicity, age, gender, and self-reported family history of cancer up to the second generation was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the Χ2 test and Fisher's exact test with an established α of 5%. RESULTS A total of 344 patients were included; 47 of them had one or more non-syndromic supernumerary teeth (not associated with any syndrome or cleft lip and palate) and 297 were control patients. Age, ethnicity, and gender distribution were not statistically different between the group with supernumerary teeth and the control group (p > 0.05). The supernumerary teeth were most commonly observed in the incisors area. Breast cancer (n = 17) was the most commonly self-reported type of cancer, followed by uterine cervical (n = 10), endometrial (n = 2), and ovarian (n = 1) cancers. Endometrial cancer was significantly associated with the diagnosis of supernumerary teeth (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients with supernumerary teeth possess a higher risk of having family members with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lips
- Department of Dentistry, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Department of Dentistry, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves University Center, São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Proff
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, SC, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Thaweesapphithak S, Theerapanon T, Rattanapornsompong K, Intarak N, Kanpittaya P, Trachoo V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12202. [PMID: 37500953 PMCID: PMC10374887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, affecting bone and teeth development. Previous studies focused on mutations in the RUNX2 RHD domain, with limited investigation of mutations in the C-terminal domain. This study aimed to investigate the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Eight mutations were analyzed, and their effects on transactivation activity, protein expression, subcellular localization, and osteogenic potential were studied. Truncating mutations in the PST region and a missense mutation in the NMTS region resulted in increased transactivation activity, while missense mutations in the PST showed activity comparable to the control. Truncating mutations produced truncated proteins, while missense mutations produced normal-sized proteins. Mutant proteins were mislocalized, with six mutant proteins detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. CCD patient bone cells exhibited mislocalization of RUNX2, similar to the generated mutant. Mislocalization of RUNX2 and reduced expression of downstream genes were observed in MSCs from a CCD patient with the p.Ser247Valfs*3 mutation, leading to compromised osteogenic potential. This study provides insight into the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2, including reduced expression, mislocalization, and aberrant transactivation of downstream genes, contributing to the compromised osteogenic potential observed in CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanti Rattanapornsompong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Kanpittaya
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Geriatric and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tanaka M, Homme M, Teramura Y, Kumegawa K, Yamazaki Y, Yamashita K, Osato M, Maruyama R, Nakamura T. HEY1-NCOA2 expression modulates chondrogenic differentiation and induces mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:160279. [PMID: 37212282 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma affects adolescents and young adults, and most cases usually have the HEY1::NCOA2 fusion gene. However, the functional role of HEY1-NCOA2 in the development and progression of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the functional role of HEY1-NCOA2 in transformation of the cell of origin and induction of typical biphasic morphology of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. We generated a mouse model for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma by introducing HEY1-NCOA2 into mouse embryonic superficial zone (eSZ) followed by subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice. HEY1-NCOA2 expression in eSZ cells successfully induced subcutaneous tumors in 68.9% of recipients, showing biphasic morphologies and expression of Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenic differentiation. ChIP sequencing analyses indicated frequent interaction between HEY1-NCOA2 binding peaks and active enhancers. Runx2, which is important for differentiation and proliferation of the chondrocytic lineage, is invariably expressed in mouse mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and interaction between HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2 is observed using NCOA2 C-terminal domains. Although Runx2 knockout resulted in significant delay in tumor onset, it also induced aggressive growth of immature small round cells. Runx3, which is also expressed in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and interacts with HEY1-NCOA2, replaced the DNA-binding property of Runx2 only in part. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat suppressed tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, abrogating expression of genes downstream of HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2. In conclusion, HEY1::NCOA2 expression modulates the transcriptional program in chondrogenic differentiation, affecting cartilage-specific transcription factor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, and
| | - Mizuki Homme
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Teramura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kumegawa
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, and
| | - Yukari Yamazaki
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, and
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Pan Y, Lu W, Meng W, Liao W, Hu A, Wu B, Xiong F. A novel single-base deletion of the RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 gene associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12910. [PMID: 36598486 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by skeletal malformations and dental abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to explore the functional role of a novel mutation in the pathogenesis of CCD. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from family members of a Chinese patient with CCD. An analysis of their RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) gene sequences was performed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The function of the mutant RUNX2 was studied by bioinformatics, real-time PCR, western blotting, and subcellular localization analysis. Sanger sequencing identified a novel single-base deletion (NM_001024630.4:c.132delG;NP_001019801.3: Val45Trpfs* 99) in the RUNX2 gene present in the Chinese patient with CCD. In vitro, functional studies showed altered protein localization and increased expression of mutant RUNX2 mRNA and mutant Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the novel RUNX2 mutations significantly increased the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on the osteocalcin gene promoter. In conclusion, we identified a patient with sporadic CCD carrying a novel deletion/frameshift mutation of the RUNX2 gene and performed screening and functional analyses to determine the cause of the CCD phenotype. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of CCD.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Pan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyu Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Meng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxiao Liao
- Department of Oral Emergency, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiqin Hu
- Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Duan X. A Novel 90-kbp Deletion of RUNX2 Associated with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1128. [PMID: 35885911 PMCID: PMC9322484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mutations. In addition to the regular missense, small or large fragment deletions are the common mutation types of RUNX2. This study aimed to find the rules of deletions in RUNX2. The clinical information of one Chinese CCD family was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatics analyzed the pathogenicity of the variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were carried out using specific primers. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were also used to detect the mRNA level of RUNX2. The CCD studies related with deletions in RUNX2 from 1999 to 2021 from HGMD and PubMed were collected and analyzed for the relationship between the phenotypes and the length of deleted fragments. The proband presented typical CCD features, including delayed closure of cranial sutures, clavicle dysplasia, abnormal teeth. WES, PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous 90-kbp deletion in RUNX2 (NG_008020.2 g.103671~193943), which caused a substitution (p.Asn183Ile) and premature termination (p.Asp184*). In addition, the mRNA expression of RUNX2 was decreased by 75.5% in the proband. Herein, 31 types of deletions varying from 2 bp to 800 kbp or covering the whole gene of RUNX2 were compared and the significant phenotypic difference was not found among these deletions. The CCD phenotypes were related with the final effects of RUNX2 mutation instead of the length of deletion. WES has the defects in identifying large indels, and direct PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing could make up for the shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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9
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Gong L, Odilov B, Han F, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang N, Zuo X, Yang J, Wang S, Hou X, Ren J. Identification a novel de novo RUNX2 frameshift mutation associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:683-690. [PMID: 35235174 PMCID: PMC9120113 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development. Clinical features of CCD comprise short stature, delayed ossification of craniofacial structures with numerous Wormian bones, underdeveloped or aplastic clavicles and multiple dental anomalies. Several studies have revealed that CCD development is strongly linked with different mutations in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. OBJECTIVE Identification and functional characterization of RUNX2 mutation associated with CCD. METHODS We performed genetic testing of a patient with CCD using whole exome sequencing and found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1550delT in a sporadic case. We also compared the functional activity of the mutant and wild-type RUNX2 through immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay. RESULTS We found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation, c.1550delT (p.Trp518Glyfs*60). Both mutant RUNX2 and wild-type RUNX2 protein were similarly confined in the nuclei. The novel mutation caused abrogative transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. CONCLUSIONS We explored a novel RUNX2 deletion/frameshift mutation in a sporadic CCD patient. This finding suggests that the VWRPY domain may play a key role in RUNX2 transactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bekzod Odilov
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feng Han
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ningxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.
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10
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Negishi T, Mihara N, Chiba T, D'Armiento J, Chada K, Maeda M, Igarashi M, Imai K. High mobility group AT-hook 2 regulates osteoblast differentiation and facial bone development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 590:68-74. [PMID: 34973532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mutation and deletion of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (Hmga2) gene exhibit skeletal malformation, but almost nothing is known about the mechanism. This study examined morphological anomaly of facial bone in Hmga2-/- mice and osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells with Hmga2 gene knockout (A2KO). Hmga2-/- mice showed the size reduction of anterior frontal part of facial bones. Hmga2 protein and mRNA were expressed in mesenchymal cells at ossification area of nasal bone. A2KO cells differentiation into osteoblasts after reaching the proliferation plateau was strongly suppressed by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining analyses. Expression of osteoblast-related genes, especially Osterix, was down-regulated in A2KO cells. These results demonstrate a close association of Hmga2 with osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal cells and bone growth. Although future studies are needed, the present study suggests an involvement of Hmga2 in osteoblast-genesis and bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Negishi
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Tadashige Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Jeanine D'Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Munehiro Maeda
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Masaru Igarashi
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Kazushi Imai
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
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11
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THAWEESAPPHITHAK S, SAENGSIN J, KAMOLVISIT W, THEERAPANON T, PORNTAVEETUS T, SHOTELERSUK V. Cleidocranial dysplasia and novel RUNX2 variants: dental, craniofacial, and osseous manifestations. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220028. [PMID: 35674542 PMCID: PMC9239300 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a skeletal disorder affecting cranial sutures, teeth, and clavicles, and is associated with the
RUNX2
mutations. Although numerous patients have been described, a direct genotype–phenotype correlation for
RUNX2
has been difficult to establish. Further cases must be studied to understand the clinical and genetic spectra of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vorasuk SHOTELERSUK
- Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
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12
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Inchingolo AD, Patano A, Coloccia G, Ceci S, Inchingolo AM, Marinelli G, Malcangi G, Montenegro V, Laudadio C, Palmieri G, Bordea IR, Ponzi E, Orsini P, Ficarella R, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Dipalma G, Corsalini M, Gentile M, Venere DD, Inchingolo F. Genetic Pattern, Orthodontic and Surgical Management of Multiple Supplementary Impacted Teeth in a Rare, Cleidocranial Dysplasia Patient: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121350. [PMID: 34946295 PMCID: PMC8709258 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with a prevalence of one per million births. The main causes of CCD are mutations in the core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1) or runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), located at the 6p21 chromosomal region. RUNX2 plays important roles in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and tooth formation. The disease is characterized by clavicular aplasia or hypoplasia, Wormian bones, delayed closure of cranial suture, brachycephalic head, maxillary deficiency, retention of primary teeth, inclusion of permanent teeth, and multiple supernumerary teeth. Materials and Methods: A 22-year-old girl suffering from cleidocranial dysplasia with short stature, narrow shoulders, craniofacial manifestations (short face, broad forehead, etc.) and dental anomalies (different lower dental elements under eruption, supernumerary and impacted multiple teeth, etc.) was examined at our service (Complex Operative Unit of Odontostomatology of Policlinico of Bari). RX Orthopantomography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were requested to better assess the position of the supernumerary teeth and their relationships with others and to evaluate the bone tissue. Results: Under eruption was probably caused by dental interferences with supernumerary teeth; hence, extractions of supernumerary upper canines and lower premolars were performed under general anaesthesia. Surgery outcome was excellent with good tissue healing and improvements in the therapeutic possibilities with future orthodontics. Conclusions: The objective of this article is to give an update about radiological, clinical, and molecular features of CCD and to alert the health team about the importance of establishing an early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment in these patients to prevent impacted teeth complications and to offer them a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giovanni Coloccia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Valentina Montenegro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Claudia Laudadio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
| | - Emanuela Ponzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Paola Orsini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
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13
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Hamada A, Mukasa H, Taguchi Y, Akagi E, Obayashi F, Yamasaki S, Kanda T, Koizumi K, Toratani S, Okamoto T. Identification of a familial cleidocranial dysplasia with a novel RUNX2 mutation and establishment of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Odontology 2021; 110:444-451. [PMID: 34779963 PMCID: PMC9170643 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease associated with the gene RUNX2. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a useful resource to further study human hereditary diseases such as CCD. In this study, we identified a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation and established iPSCs with this mutation. Biopsies were obtained from familial CCD patients and mutation analyses were performed through Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing. CCD-specific human iPSCs (CCD-hiPSCs) were established and maintained under completely defined serum, feeder, and integration-free condition using a non-integrating replication-defective Sendai virus vector. We identified the novel mutation RUNX2_c.371C>G and successfully established CCD-hiPSCs. The CCD-hiPSCs inherited the same mutation, possessed pluripotency, and showed the ability to differentiate the three germ layers. We concluded that RUNX2_c.371C>G was likely pathogenic because our results, derived from next generation sequencing, are supported by actual clinical evidence, familial tracing, and genetic data. Thus, we concluded that hiPSCs with a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation are viable as a resource for future studies on CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hanae Mukasa
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Mukasa Dental Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Taguchi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eri Akagi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Obayashi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taku Kanda
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Koizumi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of East Asia, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 751-8503, Japan
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14
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Yang L, Lu G, Shen W, Chen W, Lu H, Zhang G, Yuan S, Zheng S, Ren J. Whole-exome sequencing of a novel initiation codon mutation in RUNX2 in a Chinese family with cleidocranial dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27746. [PMID: 34766588 PMCID: PMC8589230 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is mainly attributable to a variant of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on chromosome 6p21. CCD is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by open/delayed closure of fontanels, clavicular hypoplasia, retention of deciduous teeth, and supernumerary permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate potentially pathogenic mutations in 2 Chinese families. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect gene variants. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression level of RUNX2 in the proband of family 1. Silico algorithms and conservation analyses were used to evaluate the functional impact. We identified a novel initiation codon mutation (c.2T>C) and a previously reported mutation (c.569G>A). Familial co-segregation verified an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Our findings demonstrated that the novel mutation c.2T>C causes CCD. Quantitative real-time PCR suggested that downregulated RUNX2 levels and haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 lead to CCD. These results extend the spectrum of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and can be used for genetic consultation and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Genqi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | | | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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15
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The Multiple Interactions of RUNX with the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112925. [PMID: 34831147 PMCID: PMC8616315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo–YAP signaling pathway serves roles in cell proliferation, stem cell renewal/maintenance, differentiation and apoptosis. Many of its functions are central to early development, adult tissue repair/regeneration and not surprisingly, tumorigenesis and metastasis. The Hippo pathway represses the activity of YAP and paralog TAZ by modulating cell proliferation and promoting differentiation to maintain tissue homeostasis and proper organ size. Similarly, master regulators of development RUNX transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell fate determination. In this review, we discuss the multiple interactions of RUNX with the Hippo–YAP pathway, their shared collaborators in Wnt, TGFβ, MYC and RB pathways, and their overlapping functions in development and tumorigenesis.
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16
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Motaei J, Salmaninejad A, Jamali E, Khorsand I, Ahmadvand M, Shabani S, Karimi F, Nazari MS, Ketabchi G, Naqipour F. Molecular Genetics of Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:442-454. [PMID: 31984822 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1710792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. CCD characterized by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontenelles, supernumerary teeth and short stature. Approximately 60-70% of CCD patients have mutations in the RUNX2 gene. The RUNX2 gene is an essential transcription factor for chondrocyte maturation, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Runx2 regulates mesenchymal cell proliferation in sutures and suture closure by inducing the signaling pathways of the genes of Fgf, Pthlh, hedgehog and Wnt. Material and Methods: We summarized molecular genetics aspects of CCD. Result: Approximately 94% of CCD patients have dental anomalies, the most common of which are supernumerary tooth. Dental anomalies are not determined solely by gene mutations of RUNX2, but are also affected by modifier genes, environmental factors, epigenetic factors and copy number variations. Conclusion: a definite diagnosis of CCD should include the patient's clinical history, symptoms and signs, as well as genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Motaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Jamali
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Imaneh Khorsand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Shabani
- Department of Optometry, School of Para Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nazari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golsa Ketabchi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naqipour
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Dalle Carbonare L, Antoniazzi F, Gandini A, Orsi S, Bertacco J, Li Vigni V, Minoia A, Griggio F, Perduca M, Mottes M, Valenti MT. Two Novel C-Terminus RUNX2 Mutations in Two Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) Patients Impairing p53 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910336. [PMID: 34638677 PMCID: PMC8508986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a dominantly inherited skeletal disease, is characterized by a variable phenotype ranging from dental alterations to severe skeletal defects. Either de novo or inherited mutations in the RUNX2 gene have been identified in most CCD patients. Transcription factor RUNX2, the osteogenic master gene, plays a central role in the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast lineage. With the aim to analyse the effects of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients, we investigated RUNX2 gene expression and the osteogenic potential of two CCD patients' cells. In addition, with the aim to better understand how RUNX2 mutations interfere with osteogenic differentiation, we performed string analyses to identify proteins interacting with RUNX2 and analysed p53 expression levels. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that, in addition to the alteration of downstream gene expression, RUNX2 mutations impair p53 expression affecting osteogenic maturation. In conclusion, the present work provides new insights into the role of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and suggests that an in-depth analysis of the RUNX2-associated gene network may contribute to better understand the complex molecular and phenotypic alterations in mutant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Gandini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Orsi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Jessica Bertacco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Veronica Li Vigni
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Griggio
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-8450
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18
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Saharudin S, Sanusi SY, Ponnuraj KT. Sequencing analysis of exons 5 and 6 in RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth in Kelantan, Malaysia. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1261-1268. [PMID: 34453594 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to do a sequencing analysis of RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients with supernumerary tooth were identified retrospectively from 1,275 radiographic reviews who attended the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Dental Clinic. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to the study. Blood samples were collected from 41 patients and DNA extractions were performed out of which 10 samples were chosen randomly for PCR amplification using designated primers for RUNX2 followed by DNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS This study involved 28 male patients (68.3%) and 13 female patients (31.7%) with a gender ratio of 2.2:1 and mean age of 15.9 ± 6.2 years. DNA extraction yielded ~ 40 ng/μl of concentrated DNA, and each DNA sample had more than 1500 bp of DNA length. The purity ranged between 1.8 and 2.0. DNA sequencing analysis did not reveal any mutations in exons 5 and 6 of RUNX2. CONCLUSION This study did not reveal any mutations in exons 5 and 6 of RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Analysis of mutations in RUNX2 is important to enhance the understanding of tooth development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhailiza Saharudin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sarliza Yasmin Sanusi
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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19
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Identification of a Novel Splice Site Mutation in RUNX2 Gene in a Family with Rare Autosomal Dominant Cleidocranial Dysplasia. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:297-302. [PMID: 34217160 PMCID: PMC8334394 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pathogenic variants of RUNX2, a gene that encodes an osteoblast-specific transcription factor, have been shown as the cause of CCD, which is a rare hereditary skeletal and dental disorder with dominant mode of inheritance and a broad range of clinical variability. Due to the relative lack of clinical complications resulting in CCD, the medical diagnosis of this disorder is challenging, which leaves it underdiagnosed. Methods: In this study, nine healthy and affected members of an Iranian family were investigated. PCR and sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of RUNX2 (NM_001024630) gene was performed on proband. Co-segregation analysis was conducted in the other family members for the identified variant. Additionally, a cohort of 100 Iranian ethnicity-matched healthy controls was screened by ARMS-PCR method. Results: The novel splice site variant (c.860-2A>G), which was identified in the intron 6 of RUNX2 gene, co-segregated with the disease in the family, and it was absent in healthy controls. Pathogenicity of this variant was determined by several software, including HSF, which predicts the formation or disruption of splice donor sites, splice acceptor sites, exonic splicing silencer sites, and exonic splicing enhancer sites. In silico analysis predicted this novel variant to be disease causing. Conclusion: The identified variant is predicted to have an effect on splicing, which leads to exon skipping and producing a truncated protein via introducing a premature stop codon.
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20
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Rauch A, Mandrup S. Transcriptional networks controlling stromal cell differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:465-482. [PMID: 33837369 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stromal progenitors are found in many different tissues, where they play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis owing to their ability to differentiate into parenchymal cells. These progenitor cells are differentially pre-programmed by their tissue microenvironment but, when cultured and stimulated in vitro, these cells - commonly referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) - exhibit a marked plasticity to differentiate into many different cell lineages. Loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo have uncovered the involvement of specific signalling pathways and key transcriptional regulators that work in a sequential and coordinated fashion to activate lineage-selective gene programmes. Recent advances in omics and single-cell technologies have made it possible to obtain system-wide insights into the gene regulatory networks that drive lineage determination and cell differentiation. These insights have important implications for the understanding of cell differentiation, the contribution of stromal cells to human disease and for the development of cell-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Functional Genomics & Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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21
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Tsuji M, Suzuki H, Suzuki S, Moriyama K. Three-dimensional evaluation of morphology and position of impacted supernumerary teeth in cases of cleidocranial dysplasia. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2020; 60:106-114. [PMID: 31599034 PMCID: PMC7383483 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of impacted supernumerary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. However, there has been no detailed investigation on supernumerary teeth in patients with CCD using three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the morphology and position of supernumerary teeth using 3D images reconstructed from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data in a group of five Japanese subjects (male, 3; female, 2; age, 15.0-25.4 years) with CCD. All five subjects exhibited supernumerary teeth (39 in total; average, 7.8; range, 1-15). All supernumerary teeth were impacted and existed as pairs with adjacent permanent teeth. Comparison of the size (the crown and dental-root lengths, the crown mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters), the number of cusps and dental roots, the position, and direction of supernumerary teeth in relation to the adjacent permanent teeth was analyzed. The results of relationship analyses revealed that, at sites other than the molar region, supernumerary teeth were positioned on the lingual and distal sides and supernumerary teeth resembled the morphology of their adjacent permanent teeth in terms of the number of cusps but were smaller than the adjacent permanent teeth. In the molar region, supernumerary teeth were microdontia, which were apparently small and obscure morphologically. In addition, while all adjacent permanent teeth exhibited normal direction, five supernumerary teeth exhibited inverse direction. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of the characteristics of CCD and provide important information for the pathophysiology and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Tsuji
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Suzuki
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Xin Y, Liu Y, Liu D, Li J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zheng S. New Function of RUNX2 in Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via the AKT/NFATc1/CTSK Axis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:553-566. [PMID: 32008052 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder resulting from RUNX2 mutations. The influence of RUNX2 mutations on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have not been reported. To investigate the role of RUNX2 in osteoclast, RUNX2 expression in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) was detected. Stable RAW 264.7 cell lines expressing wild-type RUNX2 or mutated RUNX2 (c.514delT, p.172 fs) were established, and their functions in osteoclasts were investigated. Wild-type RUNX2 promoted osteoclast differentiation, formation of F-actin ring, and bone resorption, while mutant RUNX2 attenuated the positive differentiation effect. Wild-type RUNX2 increased the expression and activity of mTORC2. Subsequently, mTORC2 specifically promoted phosphorylation of AKT at the serine 473 residue. Activated AKT improved the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and increased the expression of downstream genes, including CTSK. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation abrogated the osteoclast formation of wild-type macrophages, whereas constitutively activated AKT rescued the osteoclast formation of mutant macrophages. The present study suggested that RUNX2 promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through the AKT/NFATc1/CTSK axis. Mutant RUNX2 lost the function of regulating osteoclast differentiation and bone remodeling, resulting in the defective formation of the tooth eruption pathway and impaction of permanent teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia. This study, for the first time, verifies the effect of RUNX2 on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and provides new insight for the explanation of cleidocranial dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Xin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Takaki N, Mori J, Matsuo S, Osamura T, Michigami T. Cleidocranial dysplasia with growth hormone deficiency: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:19. [PMID: 31948427 PMCID: PMC6966812 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare skeletal disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance that is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles, delayed closure of the cranial sutures, dental abnormalities, and short stature, among other features. The responsible gene for CCD is RUNX2 located on the short arm of chromosome 6p21. In general, there are intrafamilial variations in height among CCD patients. Few studies have reported data on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment for patients with CCD; thus, it remains to be elucidated whether rhGH treatment can improve short stature. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old girl with CCD who has growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and a novel mutation of RUNX2. Case presentation At 5 years of age, this patient was diagnosed with GHD and rhGH treatment was initiated. Thereafter, she was diagnosed with CCD due to the presence of hypoplastic clavicles and an open fontanelle, which was also observed in her mother and brother. She responded well to rhGH treatment; her height improved from − 3.2 SD to − 2.4 SD after 13 months. Conclusion A detailed patient history and physical examination are necessary for the early diagnosis of CCD. Similarly, to ascertain the effect of rhGH treatment, careful evaluation of the patient’s final height post-therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Matsuo
- Matsuo Kids Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Osamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Japan
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24
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Gao X, Li K, Fan Y, Sun Y, Luo X, Wang L, Liu H, Gong Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Gu X, Yu Y. Identification of RUNX2 variants associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Hereditas 2019; 156:31. [PMID: 31548836 PMCID: PMC6747736 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder mainly characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, delayed closure of the fontanelles, multiple dental abnormalities, and short stature. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene variants can cause CCD, but are not identified in all CCD patients. Methods In this study, we detected genetic variants in seven unrelated children with CCD by targeted high-throughput DNA sequencing or Sanger sequencing. Results All patients carried a RUNX2 variant, totally including three novel pathogenic variants (c.722_725delTGTT, p.Leu241Serfs*8; c.231_232delTG, Ala78Glyfs*82; c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*), three reported pathogenic variants (c.577C > T, p.Arg193*; c.574G > A, p.Gly192Arg; c.673 C > T, p.Arg225Trp), one likely pathogenic variant (c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val). The analysis of the variant source showed that all variants were de novo except the two variants (c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*; c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val) inherited from the patient’s father and mother with CCD respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that these variants could influence the structure of RUNX2 protein by changing the number of H-bonds or amino acids. The experimental result showed that the Gly223Val mutation made RUNX2 protein unable to quantitatively accumulate in the nucleus. Conclusions The present study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of RUNX2 gene, which will contribute to the diagnosis of CCD and better genetic counseling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Gao
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Kunxia Li
- 2The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lili Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Huili Liu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhuwen Gong
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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25
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Çamtosun E, Akıncı A, Demiral E, Tekedereli İ, Sığırcı A. A Case of Cleidocranial Dysplasia with a Novel Mutation and Growth Velocity Gain with Growth Hormone Treatment. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019; 11:301-305. [PMID: 30468148 PMCID: PMC6745455 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant skeletal disorder that is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of clavicles, failure of cranial suture closure, dental anomalies, short stature and other changes in skeletal patterning and growth. The gene responsible for pathogenesis has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6p21, core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1) or runt related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2). Here we describe a CCD patient with a novel mutation in the RUNX2 gene. A five-and-a-half year old girl presented with severe short stature, dysmorphic facial appearance (hypertelorism, prominent forehead, high palate, midfacial hypoplasia), macrocephaly, large anterior fontanelle, increased anteroposterior chest diameter. Her shoulders were close to each other and her bilateral clavicles appeared short on physical examination. Bilateral hypoplastic clavicles, coxa valga, hypoplasia of iliac bones, wide symphysis pubis and phalangeal dysplastic features were detected on her skeletal X-ray examination. She was diagnosed as having CCD. Molecular analysis detected a novel heterozygous mutation ‘NM_001024630.3p.T155P(c.463A>C)’ in the RUNX2 gene. At age seven years and two months old, because of her severe short stature, growth hormone (GH) treatment was started and she responded well to GH therapy with no adverse effects. In conclusion, hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles, failure of cranial suture closure, dental anomalies and short stature should bring CCD to mind. We present a novel mutation in the RUNX2 gene for CCD. We obtained growth velocity gain with GH treatment in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Çamtosun
- İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya, Turkey Phone: +90 422 341 06 60-5377 E-mail:
| | - Ayşehan Akıncı
- İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emine Demiral
- İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Tekedereli
- İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sığırcı
- İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Malatya, Turkey
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26
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Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk E, Sowińska‐Seidler A, Olech EM, Socha M, Glazar R, Kruczek A, Latos‐Bieleńska A, Tylzanowski P, Jamsheer A. Functional analysis of novel
RUNX2
mutations identified in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Genet 2019; 96:429-438. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- The Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Ewelina M. Olech
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruczek
- Genetic Counseling Unit Kostyk and Kruczek Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Latos‐Bieleńska
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and RegenerationSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
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27
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Zeng L, Wei J, Zhao N, Sun S, Wang Y, Feng H. A novel 18-bp in-frame deletion mutation in RUNX2 causes cleidocranial dysplasia. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:243-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Sun X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng S. Abnormal bone remodelling activity of dental follicle cells from a cleidocranial dysplasia patient. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1270-1281. [PMID: 29787635 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of dental follicle cells (DFCs) with a novel cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) causative gene RUNX2 mutation (DFCsRUNX2+/m ) in delayed permanent tooth eruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCD patient with typical clinical features was involved in this study. DFCsRUNX2+/m were cultured and DNA was extracted for RUNX2 mutation screening. Measurements of cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and osteoblast-specific genes expression were performed to assess osteogenesis of DFCsRUNX2+/m . Co-culture of DFCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), followed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, real-time PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate osteoclast-inductive capacity of DFCsRUNX2+/m . RESULTS A missense RUNX2 mutation (c. 557G>C) was found in DFCsRUNX2+/m from the CCD patient. Compared with normal controls, this mutation did not affect the proliferation of DFCsRUNX2+/m , but down-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, leading to a decrease in ALP activity and mineralisation. Co-culture results showed that DFCsRUNX2+/m reduced the formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes. Furthermore, the mutation reduced the ratio of RANKL/OPG in DFCsRUNX2+/m . CONCLUSIONS DFCsRUNX2+/m disturbs bone remodelling activity during tooth eruption through RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway and may thus be responsible for impaired permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Ha SW, Jung YJ, Bae HS, Ryoo HM, Cho IS, Baek SH. Characterization of dental phenotype in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia using longitudinal data. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:416-424. [PMID: 29664332 DOI: 10.2319/092617-647.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of the dental phenotype in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) using longitudinal data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve unrelated Korean CCD patients were observed using a longitudinal series of radiographs and clinical photographs. Statistical analysis was performed on the dental phenotypic data. RESULTS Although dysplasia of the clavicles, open fontanelle, and wormian bone were observed in all 12 patients, delayed fusion of the mandibular symphysis was found in four patients. One patient did not have a supernumerary tooth (ST). However, 62 STs were found in 11 patients (mean, 5.6 per patient; range of ST emergence, 5 years 6 months-14 years 8 months; developing position, occlusal to the permanent incisors, canines, and premolars and distal and apical to the permanent molars). The mandibular premolar region was the most frequent area of ST development (50.0%, P < .001). All 12 patients showed impacted permanent teeth (IPT), including one patient without ST (mean, 17.8 per patient). Impaction occurred most frequently in the mandibular premolar region and least frequently in the maxillary molar region (93.8% vs 39.6%, P < .01). The ratio of spontaneous eruption of IPT after removal of retained deciduous teeth and/or ST was highest for the maxillary and mandibular incisors (all 54.6%) and lowest for the mandibular canines and premolars (26.7% and 28.9%, respectively); however, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The emergence time and development position of ST and the root development of IPT should be considered to determine the timing for the removal of ST and forced eruption of IPT.
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Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant malformation syndrome affecting bones and teeth. The most common skeletal and dental abnormalities in affected individuals are hypoplastic/aplastic clavicles, open fontanelles, short stature, retention of primary teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, and multiple impacted teeth. Treatment of CCD requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include dental corrections, orthognathic surgery and cranioplasty along with management of any complications of CCD. Early diagnosis of this condition enables application of the treatment strategy that provides the best quality of life to such patients. Notably, Runx2 gene mutations have been identified in CCD patients. Therefore, further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of supernumerary teeth formation related to Runx2 mutations may improve understanding of dental development in CCD. The insights into CCD pathogenesis may assist in the development of new treatments for CCD.
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A novel gene mutation of Runx2 in cleidocranial dysplasia. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:772-776. [PMID: 29058294 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) gene is widely known to be responsible for cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). To date, more than 190 mutations in Runx2 gene have been reported to be related to CCD. In this study, a novel mutation of Runx2 gene was observed in a female with CCD. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood of the proband and eleven members of her family. Genetic testing on these twelve people identified a novel missense mutation (c.895 T>C, Y299H) in exon 5 of the RUNX2 gene in the proband. This mutation results in an amino acid change at codon 895 (P.Tyr 299 His.) from a tryptophan codon (TAT) to a histidine codon (CAT). Our finding may further extend the known mutation spectrum of the RUNX2 gene, and facilitate prenatal genetic diagnosis of CCD in the future.
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Hordyjewska E, Jaruga A, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Novel Mutation of the RUNX2 Gene in Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:253-260. [PMID: 28878609 DOI: 10.1159/000477307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor 2, encoded by the RUNX2 gene, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. Here, we describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.532C>T; p.Q178X) in RUNX2 identified in 3 affected members of a Polish family with CCD. The localization and transcriptional transactivation studies show that the mutated form of the protein has altered the subcellular localization and significantly decreased transactivation properties, respectively. Consequently, our data show that the c.532C>T mutation generates a defective RUNX2 protein and is genetically linked to the CCD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kandzierski
- Children's Orthopedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jung YJ, Bae HS, Ryoo HM, Baek SH. A novel RUNX2 mutation in exon 8, G462X, in a patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1152-1162. [PMID: 28703881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify a novel mutation of Runx2 gene in Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) patients and to characterize the functional consequences of this mutation. The subjects consisted of 12 Korean CCD patients. After oral epithelial cells were collected using a mouthwash technique, genomic DNA was extracted. Screening for Runx2 mutation was performed using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for exons 1-8. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to confirm the novel mutation. For functional studies, we performed luciferase assay for Runx2 transacting activity, cyclohexamide chase assay for Runx2 protein stability, real-time PCR for mRNA level of Runx2 downstream bone marker genes, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining assay in mesenchymal stem cells for osteoblast differentiation. Of the 12 patients, seven showed Runx2 mutations reported previously and four showed no mutation. A novel mutation, G462X in exon 8, which was located in the C-terminus of proline/serine/threonine-rich (PST) domain, was found in one patient. In the luciferase assay, Runx2 transacting activity was decreased in Runx2-G462X transfected cells. In the cyclohexamide chase assay, Runx2-G462X mutation reduced the stability of Runx2 protein. Expression of the bone marker genes (osteocalcin, ALP, Type I collagen αI, matrix metalloproteinase-13, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin) decreased in G462X-transfected cells. In the ALP staining assay, osteoblast differentiation was reduced in Runx2-G462X overexpressed cell. The G462X mutation might reduce the Runx2 transacting activity, lower the protein stability, downgrade the expression of bone marker genes, and eventually diminish osteoblast differentiation in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Bae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gu PY, Yu F, Jin S, Yang Q, Su J, Chen Y, Zhao L, Hu SL. Analysis of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlation with cognitive impairment. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2603-2607. [PMID: 28962201 PMCID: PMC5609217 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) level and the blood biochemistry and cognitive impairment in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (NC) and type 2 DM group. DM group received the high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with the intraperitoneal injection of low-dose STZ to establish the type 2 DM rat model. After 12 weeks of feeding, a Morris water maze was used to observe the rats' cognitive ability, and the levels of blood lipid, ucOC, insulin and adiponectin in the two groups were measured. The results showed that blood glucose of rats in DM group was increased significantly at 2–12 weeks (p<0.01) and the body weight was significantly increased at 4–12 weeks (p<0.01). The levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and insulin in rats in DM group were significantly increased compared with those in NC group (p<0.01) and the levels of high-density lipoprotein, adiponectin and ucOC were significantly decreased compared with those in the NC group (p<0.01). The place navigation and spatial exploration capacities of rats in DM group were significantly decreased compared with those in NC group (p<0.01). In the DM group, the place navigation and spatial exploration capacities of rats in the low ucOC group were significantly decreased compared with those in the high ucOC group (p<0.01). Additionally, single-factor correlation analysis revealed that ucOC was negatively correlated with blood glucose, TG and escape latency (p<0.01), but was positively correlated with adiponectin, residence time in target quadrant and traversing times (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In conclusion, the decreased serum ucOC level in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a certain correlation with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ying Gu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrine Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lian Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Sun X, Zhang C, Zheng S. Analysis of novel RUNX2 mutations in Chinese patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181653. [PMID: 28738062 PMCID: PMC5524338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant inheritable skeletal disorder characterized by cranial dysplasia, clavicle hypoplasia and dental abnormalities. This disease is mainly caused by heterozygous mutations in RUNX2, a gene that encodes an osteoblast-specific transcription factor. In the present study, mutational analyses of RUNX2 gene were performed on four unrelated Chinese patients with CCD. Four different RUNX2 mutations were detected in these patients, including one nonsense mutation (c.199C>T p.Q67X) and three missense mutations (c.338T>G p.L113R, c.557G>C p.R186T and c.673C>T p.R225W). Among them, two mutations (c.199C>T p.Q67X and c.557G>C p.R186T) were novel and the other two had been reported in previous literatures. Except for Q67X mutation located in the Q/A domain, other three mutations were clustered within the highly conserved Runt domain. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and RUNX2 fusion protein analyses in vitro showed that nuclear accumulation of RUNX2 protein was disturbed by Q67X mutation, while the other two mutations (c.338T>G p.L113R and c.557G>C p.R186T) had no effects on the subcellular distribution of RUNX2. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that all the three novel RUNX2 mutations significantly reduced the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. Our findings enrich the evidence of molecular genetics that the mutations of RUNX2 gene are responsible for CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (SGZ); (CYZ)
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (SGZ); (CYZ)
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Zhu W, He X, Hua Y, Li Q, Wang J, Gan X. The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 facilitates RUNX2 protein transactivation in a mono-ubiquitination manner during osteogenic differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11178-11188. [PMID: 28500134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ubiquitination-mediated RUNX2 degradation is an important cause of age- and inflammation-related bone loss. NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin protein ligases are thought to be the major regulators of RUNX2 poly-ubiquitination. However, we observed a mono-ubiquitination of RUNX2 that was catalyzed by WWP2, a member of the NEDD4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. WWP2 has been reported to catalyze the mono-ubiquitination of Goosecoid in chondrocytes, facilitating craniofacial skeleton development. In this study, we found that osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells promoted WWP2 expression and nuclear accumulation. Knockdown of Wwp2 in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts led to significant deficiencies of osteogenesis, including decreased mineral deposition and down-regulation of osteogenic marker genes. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the interaction of WWP2 with RUNX2 in vitro and in vivo Mono-ubiquitination by WWP2 leads to RUNX2 transactivation, as evidenced by the wild type of WWP2, but not its ubiquitin ligase-dead mutant, augmenting RUNX2-reponsive reporter activity. Moreover, deletion of WWP2-dependent mono-ubiquitination resulted in striking defects of RUNX2 osteoblastic activity. In addition, ectopic expression of the constitutively active type 1A bone morphogenetic protein receptor enhanced WWP2-dependent RUNX2 ubiquitination and transactivation, demonstrating a regulatory role of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in the WWP2-RUNX2 axis. Taken together, our results provide evidence that WWP2 serves as a positive regulator of osteogenesis by augmenting RUNX2 transactivation in a non-proteolytic mono-ubiquitination manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu He
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Hua
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiyong Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gan
- From the Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Xu W, Chen Q, Liu C, Chen J, Xiong F, Wu B. A novel, complex RUNX2 gene mutation causes cleidocranial dysplasia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28173761 PMCID: PMC5297198 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene is known to cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Here, we investigated a complex, heterozygous RUNX2 gene mutation in a Chinese family with CCD and the pathogenesis associated with the variations. Methods Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral venous blood was taken from the proband, her parents and 3 siblings, and 150 normal controls. Analysis of their respective RUNX2 gene sequences was performed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Pathogenesis associated with RUNX2 mutations was investigated by performing bioinformatics, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and subcellular localization studies. Results We identified 2 complex heterozygous mutations involving a c.398–399 insACAGCAGCAGCAGCA insertion and a c.411–412 insG frameshift mutation in exon 3 of the RUNX2 gene. The frameshift mutation changed the structure of the RUNX2 protein while did not affect its expression at the mRNA level. Transfection of HEK293T cells with a plasmid expressing the RUNX2 variant decreased the molecular weight of the variant RUNX2 protein, compared with that of the wild-type protein. Subcellular localization assays showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization for the mutant protein, while the wild-type protein localized to the nucleus. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the novel c.398–399insACAGCAGCAGCAGCA mutation occurred alongside the c.411–412insG frameshift mutation, which resulted in RUNX2 truncation. RUNX2 haploinsufficiency was associated with CCD pathogenesis. These results extend the known mutational spectrum of the RUNX2 gene and suggest a functional role of the novel mutation in CCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen'an Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuixian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Qin XY, Jia PZ, Zhao HX, Li WR, Chen F, Lin JX. Novel Mutation of Cleidocranial Dysplasia-related Frameshift Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 in a Sporadic Chinese Case. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:165-170. [PMID: 28091408 PMCID: PMC5282673 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.197996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects the skeletal system. Common symptoms of CCD include hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles, delayed or even absent closure of the fontanels, midface hypoplasia, short stature, and delayed eruption of permanent and supernumerary teeth. Previous studies reported a connection between CCD and the haploinsufficiency of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Here, we report a sporadic Chinese case presenting typical symptoms of CCD. METHODS We made genetic testing on this sporadic Chinese case and identified a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1111dupT. In situ immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay were performed to compare the functions of the RUNX2 mutation with those of wild-type RUNX2. RESULTS RUNX2 mutation was observed in the perinuclear region, cytoplasm, and nuclei. In contrast, wild-type RUNX2 was confined in the nuclei, which indicated that the subcellular compartmentalization of RUNX2 mutation was partially perturbed. The transactivation function on osteocalcin promoter of the RUNX2 mutation was obviously abrogated. CONCLUSIONS We identified a sporadic CCD patient carrying a novel insertion/frameshift mutation of RUNX2. This finding expanded our understanding of CCD-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pei-Zeng Jia
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei-Ran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiu-Xiang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Hsueh SJ, Lee NC, Yang SH, Lin HI, Lin CH. A limb-girdle myopathy phenotype of RUNX2 mutation in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia: a case study and literature review. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:2. [PMID: 28056872 PMCID: PMC5216594 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare hereditary disorder that arises from heterozygous loss of function mutations in the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. As RUNX2 is mainly expressed in osteoblasts, CCD typically affects the skeletal and dental systems. Few studies have investigated RUNX2 mutation effects on non-skeletal systems. Here, we describe limb-girdle myopathy, an uncommon phenotype of CCD, in a patient with a heterozygous missense mutation (p.R225Q) in the RUNX2 gene. Case presentation A 58 year-old man presented with progressive back pain and six months of weakness in the proximal parts of all four limbs. Physical examinations showed that he was short in stature (height, 164.4 cm; weight, 79.1 kg) with a dysmorphic face, including hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, and chin protrusion. At a young age, he had received orthodontic surgery, due to dental abnormalities. Neurological examinations revealed sloping shoulders, weakness, and atrophy in the proximal areas of the arms, shoulder girdle muscles, and legs. The deep tendon reflex and sensory system were normal. Radiological examinations revealed mild scoliosis, shortened clavicles, and a depressed skull bone, which were consistent with a clinical diagnosis of CCD. Electromyography (EMG) studies showed myogenic polyphasic waves in the deltoid, biceps brachii, and rectus femoris muscles. Instead, the EMG findings were normal in the first dorsal interosseous, tibialis anterior and facial muscles. The EMG findings were compatible with a limb-girdle pattern with facial sparing. The patient’s family history showed his father and eldest daughter with similar dysmorphic faces, skeletal disorders and proximal upper extremity weakness. We sequenced the RUNX2 gene and discovered a heterozygous missense mutation (c.G674A, p.R225Q), which altered the C-terminal end of the RUNX2 protein. This mutation was predicted to inactivate the protein and might affect its interactions with other proteins. This mutation co-segregated with the disease phenotypes in the family. Conclusions We described limb-girdle myopathy in a patient with CCD that carried a heterozygous RUNX2 missense mutation. This uncommon phenotype expanded the phenotypic spectrum of the RUNX2 p.R225Q mutation. The role of RUNX2 in myogenic development merits future studies. Our findings remind clinicians that myopathic patients with myopathies combined with facial dysmorphism and shortened clavicles should consider the diagnosis of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ju Hsueh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-I Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Diri H, Sener E, Bayram F, Dundar M, Simsek Y, Baspinar O, Zararsiz G. GENETIC DISORDERS OF PITUITARY DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2016; 12:413-417. [PMID: 31149124 PMCID: PMC6535245 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2016.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic disorders associated with the development of the pituitary gland and cranial bones may cause a genetic tendency toward Sheehan's syndrome (SS). Our aim in this study was to investigate expression disorders in the genes responsible for the development of the pituitary gland and cranial bones in patients with SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four patients who were previously diagnosed with SS and 43 healthy women were compared in terms of the mean expression values of genes including the prophet of PIT-1 (PROP1), HESX homeobox 1 (HESX1), POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1), LIM homeobox 3 (LHX3), LHX4, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 (GLI2), orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), SIX homeobox 3 (SIX3), SIX6, T-box transcription factor 19 (TBX19), transducin-like enhancer protein 1 (TLE1), TLE3, distal-less homeobox 2 (DLX2), DLX5, MSH homeobox 2 (MSX2), and paired box 3 (PAX3). RESULTS The mean expression values of the HESX1, TLE1, TLE3, and MSX2 genes were significantly different in the SS group from the healthy control group, while the mean expression values of the remaining genes were similar. CONCLUSION The present study concludes that abnormal expressions of HESX1, TLE1, TLE3, and MSX2 genes may cause a genetic predisposition to the development of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Diri
- Erciyes University Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - E.F. Sener
- Erciyes University Medical School, Dept. of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - F. Bayram
- Erciyes University Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M. Dundar
- Erciyes University Medical School, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Y. Simsek
- Erciyes University Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - O. Baspinar
- Erciyes University Medical School, Dept. of Internal Diseases, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - G. Zararsiz
- Erciyes University Medical School, Dept. of Biostatistics, Kayseri, Turkey
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Jaruga A, Hordyjewska E, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Cleidocranial dysplasia and RUNX2-clinical phenotype-genotype correlation. Clin Genet 2016; 90:393-402. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - E. Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Kandzierski
- Children Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - P. Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Aurora kinase-induced phosphorylation excludes transcription factor RUNX from the chromatin to facilitate proper mitotic progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6490-5. [PMID: 27217562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523157113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are master regulators of development and major players in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, unlike most transcription factors, RUNX proteins are detected on the mitotic chromatin and apparatus, suggesting that they are functionally active in mitosis. Here, we identify key sites of RUNX phosphorylation in mitosis. We show that the phosphorylation of threonine 173 (T173) residue within the Runt domain of RUNX3 disrupts RUNX DNA binding activity during mitotic entry to facilitate the recruitment of RUNX proteins to mitotic structures. Moreover, knockdown of RUNX3 delays mitotic entry. RUNX3 phosphorylation is therefore a regulatory mechanism for mitotic entry. Cancer-associated mutations of RUNX3 T173 and its equivalent in RUNX1 further corroborate the role of RUNX phosphorylation in regulating proper mitotic progression and genomic integrity.
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Lee C, Jung HS, Baek JA, Leem DH, Ko SO. Manifestation and treatment in a cleidocranial dysplasia patient with a RUNX2 (T420I) mutation. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 37:41. [PMID: 26594640 PMCID: PMC4643116 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-015-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant heritable skeletal disorder. The characteristic features of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) may include hypoplasia of the clavicle, delayed closure of frontanelles, late tooth eruption, and other skeletal disorders. This case report describes clinical and radiographic manifestations at the age of 11 and 29 of a CCD patient, investigates the mutation of core-binding factor A1 (CBFA1) based on gene analysis, and illustrates successful oral reconstruction with fixed prosthesis and dental implant after the extraction of multiple teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaky Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjindong, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Hee-Sup Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjindong, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Jin-A Baek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjindong, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Dae Ho Leem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjindong, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Seung-O Ko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjindong, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756 South Korea
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Singhal P, Singhal A, Jayam C, Bandlapalli A. Cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome (CCD) with an unusual finding in a young patient. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-210514. [PMID: 26581700 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-210514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), an autosomal dominant disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 1,000,000 individuals, presents with a wide range of variability. Dentists are often the first to encounter patients with CCD, some of whom do not show typical manifestations. Since it has similar features to other pathologies, CCD is misdiagnosed as other conditions. A 10-year-old boy suffering from CCD was misdiagnosed as having rickets and was referred for non-eruption of a few permanent teeth along with an unaesthetic facial appearance. Clinically and radiologically, a diagnosis of CCD was made. Currently, management of this patient's orofacial manifestations is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singhal
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Singhal
- Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Cheranjeevi Jayam
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anila Bandlapalli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Himachal Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Yamasaki S, Hamada A, Akagi E, Nakatao H, Ohtaka M, Nishimura K, Nakanishi M, Toratani S, Okamoto T. Generation of cleidocranial dysplasia-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells in completely serum-, feeder-, and integration-free culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:252-64. [PMID: 26559068 PMCID: PMC4746228 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for their practical and scientific potentials. To improve understanding of self-renewal and differentiation, we previously reported a defined serum-free medium hESF9 could generate and maintain human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in serum- and feeder-free culture conditions using retroviral vectors. To avoid the unpredictable side effects associated with retrovirus integration, we report here the successful generation of hiPSCs from dental pulp cells with a non-integrating replication-defective and persistent Sendai virus (SeVdp) vector expressing four key reprogramming genes. We found that hESF9 medium in combination with fibronectin are effective for generating and maintaining hiPSCs with SeVdp (KOSM). Using this system, pluripotent and self-renewing hiPSCs could be easily and stably generated and propagated. With this system, we successfully generated hiPSCs from cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) caused by a heterozygous germ-line mutation of runt-related protein2 (RUNX2), which has an important role in the differentiation of osteoblasts and maturation of chondrocytes. This is the first report of the establishment of CCD-specific iPSCs. The cartilage in the teratomas of CCD-iPSCs showed abnormalities. These CCD-iPSCs would be beneficial to clarify the molecular mechanism and for development of medical applications. Moreover, it brings new pathophysiological role of RUNX2 in the differentiation of the human chondrocytes and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eri Akagi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakatao
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Central 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Central 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Shibata A, Machida J, Yamaguchi S, Kimura M, Tatematsu T, Miyachi H, Matsushita M, Kitoh H, Ishiguro N, Nakayama A, Higashi Y, Shimozato K, Tokita Y. Characterisation of novel RUNX2 mutation with alanine tract expansion from Japanese cleidocranial dysplasia patient. Mutagenesis 2015. [PMID: 26220009 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD; MIM 119600) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterised by hypopalstic and/or aplastic clavicles, midface hypoplasia, absent or delayed closure of cranial sutures, moderately short stature, delayed eruption of permanent dentition and supernumerary teeth. The molecular pathogenesis can be explained in about two-thirds of CCD patients by haploinsufficiency of the RUNX2 gene. In our current study, we identified a novel and rare variant of the RUNX2 gene (c.181_189dupGCGGCGGCT) in a Japanese patient with phenotypic features of CCD. The insertion led an alanine tripeptide expansion (+3Ala) in the polyalanine tract. To date, a RUNX2 variant with alanine decapeptide expansion (+10Ala) is the only example of a causative variant of RUNX2 with polyalanine tract expansion to be reported, whilst RUNX2 (+1Ala) has been isolated from the healthy population. Thus, precise analyses of the RUNX2 (+3Ala) variant were needed to clarify whether the tripeptide expanded RUNX2 is a second disease-causing mutant with alanine tract expansion. We therefore investigated the biochemical properties of the mutant RUNX2 (+3Ala), which contains 20 alanine residues in the polyalanine tract. When transfected in COS7 cells, RUNX2 (+3Ala) formed intracellular ubiquitinated aggregates after 24h, and exerted a dominant negative effect in vitro. At 24h after gene transfection, whereas slight reduction was observed in RUNX2 (+10Ala), all of these mutants significantly activated osteoblast-specific element-2, a cis-acting sequence in the promoter of the RUNX2 target gene osteocalcin. The aggregation growth of RUNX2 (+3Ala) was clearly lower and slower than that of RUNX2 (+10Ala). Furthermore, we investigated several other RUNX2 variants with various alanine tract lengths, and found that the threshold for aggregation may be RUNX2 (+3Ala). We conclude that RUNX2 (+3Ala) is the cause of CCD in our current case, and that the accumulation of intracellular aggregates in vitro is related to the length of the alanine tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-0864, Japan
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota 471-0821, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu 474-8710, Japan
| | - Masashi Kimura
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-0864, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tatematsu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakayama
- Department of Embryology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higashi
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan,
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Avela K, Hirvinen H, Ben Amor M, Rauch F. Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly in a Finnish woman: first confirmation of a duplication in RUNX2 as pathogenic variant. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 57:617-20. [PMID: 25311905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly (MDMHB) is an autosomal-dominant bone dysplasia that until now has only been reported in French Canadian individuals. We have recently identified an intragenic duplication in RUNX2, encompassing exons 3 to 5, as a cause of MDMHB in French Canadian families. Here we describe a 20-year-old Finnish woman who had typical clinical and radiological signs of MDMHB, the first reported individual with MDMHB who is not of French-Canadian origin. Copy number variant assays based on quantitative PCR of genomic DNA showed the presence of three copies within a part of RUNX2. Sequencing RUNX2 cDNA from the skin fibroblasts revealed a duplication of exons 3 to 5. The results demonstrated that the intronic breakpoints of the duplication differed from those previously found in the French Canadian family, but that the consequences on RUNX2 transcript were identical. These findings demonstrate that the MDMHB phenotype results from an intragenic duplication of RUNX2 exons 3 to 5 also outside of the community where the disorder was first identified.
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Ning G, Bijron JG, Yamamoto Y, Wang X, Howitt BE, Herfs M, Yang E, Hong Y, Cornille M, Wu L, Hanamornroongruang S, McKeon FD, Crum CP, Xian W. The PAX2-null immunophenotype defines multiple lineages with common expression signatures in benign and neoplastic oviductal epithelium. J Pathol 2014; 234:478-87. [PMID: 25130537 DOI: 10.1002/path.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oviducts contain high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) precursors (serous tubal intraepithelial neoplasia or STINs), which are γ-H2AX(p) - and TP53 mutation-positive. Although they express wild-type p53, secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) are associated with older age and serous cancer; moreover, both STINs and SCOUTs share a loss of PAX2 expression (PAX2(n) ). We evaluated PAX2 expression in proliferating adult and embryonic oviductal cells, normal mucosa, SCOUTs, Walthard cell nests (WCNs), STINs, and HGSCs, and the expression of genes chosen empirically or from SCOUT expression arrays. Clones generated in vitro from embryonic gynaecological tract and adult Fallopian tube were Krt7(p) /PAX2(n) /EZH2(p) and underwent ciliated (PAX2(n) /EZH2(n) /FOXJ1(p) ) and basal (Krt7(n) /EZH2(n) /Krt5(p) ) differentiation. Similarly, non-ciliated cells in normal mucosa were PAX2(p) but became PAX2(n) in multi-layered epithelium undergoing ciliated or basal (WCN) cell differentiation. PAX2(n) SCOUTs fell into two groups: type 1 were secretory or secretory/ciliated with a 'tubal' phenotype and were ALDH1(n) and β-catenin(mem) (membraneous only). Type 2 displayed a columnar to pseudostratified (endometrioid) phenotype, with an EZH2(p) , ALDH1(p) , β-catenin(nc) (nuclear and cytoplasmic), stathmin(p) , LEF1(p) , RCN1(p) , and RUNX2(p) expression signature. STINs and HGSCs shared the type 1 immunophenotype of PAX2(n) , ALDH1(n) , β-catenin(mem) , but highly expressed EZH2(p) , LEF1(p) , RCN1(p) , and stathmin(p) . This study, for the first time, links PAX2(n) with proliferating fetal and adult oviductal cells undergoing basal and ciliated differentiation and shows that this expression state is maintained in SCOUTs, STINs, and HGSCs. All three entities can demonstrate a consistent perturbation of genes involved in potential tumour suppressor gene silencing (EZH2), transcriptional regulation (LEF1), regulation of differentiation (RUNX2), calcium binding (RCN1), and oncogenesis (stathmin). This shared expression signature between benign and neoplastic entities links normal progenitor cell expansion to abnormal and neoplastic outgrowth in the oviduct and exposes a common pathway that could be a target for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ning
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Chen T, Hou J, Hu LL, Gao J, Wu BL. A novel small deletion mutation in RUNX2 gene in one Chinese family with cleidocranial dysplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2490-2495. [PMID: 24966961 PMCID: PMC4069909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a skeletal dysplasia with autosomal-dominant inheritance. The runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene is the only gene in which mutations are known to cause CCD. We report identification of a novel small deletions mutation in the RUNX2 gene in a Chinese family with CCD. A 29-year-old female was diagnosed as proband of CCD based on the clinical findings, which show delayed closure of the fontanels, hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles and dental anomalies. Similar dental and skeletal symptoms were also observed in the other three affected individuals. We prepared genomic DNA from all four affected individuals, unaffected individual from her family members, as well as 100 unrelated healthy controls. PCR was conducted using the above genomic DNA as template and the RUNX2 gene-specific primers. The PCR product was subjected to direct sequencing and the sequence was compared to that of RUNX2 gene within the NCBI database. We detected a small deletion CCTA from nucleotide 635 to nucleotide 638 in exon 3 of RUNX2 gene of the proband. This will lead to the introduction of a translational stop codon at codon 220, resulting in a truncated RUNX2 protein, and therefore within the runt domain of the RUNX2 protein. We detected the same mutation in the the other three affected individuals, and did not detect any mutation in the unaffected family members or the 100 unrelated healthy controls, demonstrating that this is a novel missense mutation in RUNX2 gene and therefore, contributes to the molecular diagnosis of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bu-Ling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yoon WJ, Islam R, Cho YD, Woo KM, Baek JH, Uchida T, Komori T, van Wijnen A, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Choi JY, Bae SC, Ryoo HM. Pin1-mediated Runx2 modification is critical for skeletal development. J Cell Physiol 2014; 228:2377-85. [PMID: 23702614 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Runx2 is the master transcription factor for bone formation. Haploinsufficiency of RUNX2 is the genetic cause of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) that is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels. In this study, we found that Pin1, peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, is a critical regulator of Runx2 in vivo and in vitro. Pin1 mutant mice developed CCD-like phenotypes with hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels as found in the Runx2+/- mice. In addition Runx2 protein level was significantly reduced in Pin1 mutant mice. Moreover Pin1 directly interacts with the Runx2 protein in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and subsequently stabilizes Runx2 protein. In the absence of Pin1, Runx2 is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway. However, Pin1 overexpression strongly attenuated uniquitin-dependent Runx2 degradation. Collectively conformational change of Runx2 by Pin1 is essential for its protein stability and possibly enhances the level of active Runx2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Joon Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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