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Khawkhiaw K, Panaampon J, Imemkamon T, Saengboonmee C. Interleukin-1β: Friend or foe for gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1676-1682. [PMID: 38764841 PMCID: PMC11099428 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality, especially in the colorectum, esophagus, stomach, and liver. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a leukocytic pyrogen recognized as a tumor progression-related cytokine. IL-1β secretion and maturation in inflammatory responses could be regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, inflammasome formation, and activation of IL-1 converting enzyme. Several studies have documented the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-1β in tumor microenvironments, promoting proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. The application of IL-1β inhibitors is also promising for targeted therapy development in some cancer types. However, as a leukocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β may also possess anti-tumorigenic effects and be type-specific in different cancers. This editorial discusses the up-to-date roles of IL-1β in GI cancers, including underlying mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. Understanding and clarifying the roles of IL-1β would significantly benefit future therapeutic targeting and help improve therapeutic outcomes in patients suffering from GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kullanat Khawkhiaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Panaampon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Thanit Imemkamon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Univsersity, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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2
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Schwerk J, Negash A, Savan R, Gale M. Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a036988. [PMID: 32341066 PMCID: PMC7849348 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation and viral control of the innate immune response are hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are major determinants of spontaneous clearance or progression to chronic infection and liver disease. In this review, we provide a contemporary overview of how HCV is sensed by the host cell to trigger innate immune activation and the mechanisms deployed by the virus to evade this response. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are crucial mediators of antiviral innate immunity against HCV, and we specifically highlight the importance of IFN-λ host genetics for the outcome of HCV infection. Last, we focus on the proinflammatory responses elicited by HCV infection and describe our current understanding of how interleukin (IL)-1β signaling and cross talk between the IL-1β and IFN signaling pathways lead to sustained inflammation and increased risk of liver pathology.
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3
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Reuken PA, Lutz P, Casper M, Al-Herwi E, Stengel S, Spengler U, Stallmach A, Lammert F, Nischalke HD, Bruns T. The ATG16L1 gene variant rs2241880 (p.T300A) is associated with susceptibility to HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int 2019; 39:2360-2367. [PMID: 31484215 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Protein and organelle turnover by autophagy is a key component to maintain cellular homeostasis. Loss of the autophagy protein ATG16L1 is associated with reduced bacterial killing and aberrant interleukin-1β production, perpetuating inflammation and carcinogenesis. Here we hypothesized that the functional p.T300A gene variant in ATG16L1 is associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. METHODS A case-control study was performed using a prospective derivation cohort (107 patients with HCC and 101 controls) and an independent validation cohort (124 patients with HCC and 108 controls) of patients with cirrhosis of any aetiology. ATG16L1 p.T300A (rs2241880) and PNPLA3 p.I148M (rs738409) variants were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The G allele of the ATG16L1 p.T300A variant was more frequent in patients with HCC compared to controls without HCC in the derivation cohort (0.62 vs. 0.51, P = .022) and in the validation cohort (0.59 vs. 0.50, P = .045). In combined analysis, the odds ratios (OR) were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.07-2.88) for G allele positivity and 2.43 (95% CI: 1.37-4.31) for p.T300A G allele homozygosity. This association was independent from the presence of a PNPLA3 variant, which was also associated with HCC (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.20-3.66), and it remained significant after adjustment for male sex, age and aetiology in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The common germ-line ATG16L1 gene variant is a risk factor for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Personalized strategies employing the genetic risk conferred by ATG16L1 and PNPLA3 may be used for risk-based surveillance in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Casper
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eihab Al-Herwi
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans Dieter Nischalke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Al-Saffar OB, Bajlan JS, Ad'hiah AH. Association analysis of interleukin-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in viral hepatitis of Iraqi patients. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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5
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Madduru D, Ijaq J, Dhar S, Sarkar S, Poondla N, Das PS, Vasquez S, Suravajhala P. Systems Challenges of Hepatic Carcinomas: A Review. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:233-244. [PMID: 31024206 PMCID: PMC6477144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is ubiquitous in its prevalence in most of the developing countries. In the era of systems biology, multi-omics has evinced an extensive approach to define the underlying mechanism of disease progression. HCC is a multifactorial disease and the investigation of progression of liver cirrhosis becomes much extensive with cultivating omics approaches. We have performed a comprehensive review about such challenges in multi-omics approaches that are concerned to identify the immunological, genetics and epidemiological factors associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhatri Madduru
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, TG, India
- Bioclues.org
| | - Johny Ijaq
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, TG, India
- Bioclues.org
| | | | | | | | - Partha S. Das
- Bioclues.org
- Patient MD, Chicago, IL 60640-5710, United States
| | - Silvia Vasquez
- Bioclues.org
- Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear, Avenida Canadá 1470, Lima, Peru
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle 302001, RJ, India
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Promthet S, Songserm N, Woradet S, Pientong C, Ekalaksananan T, Wiangnon S, Ali A. Opisthorchiasis with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) polymorphisms influence risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: a nested case-control study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:846. [PMID: 30139338 PMCID: PMC6108094 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation and repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) induces intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are substances in the immune system that promote inflammation and causes disease to progress. Genes that help express proinflammatory cytokines can affect an individual’s susceptibility to disease, especially in cancer-related chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for ICC with a focus on opisthorchiasis and polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). Methods This study was a nested case-control study within a cohort study. 219 subjects who developed a primary ICC were identified and matched with two non-cancer controls from the same cohort based on sex and age at recruitment (±3 years). An O. viverrini-IgG antibody was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. IL-1β and TNF-α polymorphisms were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction with high resolution melting analysis. Associations between variables and ICC were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Results Subjects with a high infection intensity had higher risk of ICC than those who had a low level (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.9). Subjects with all genotypes of TNF-α (GG, GA, AA) and high infection intensity were significantly related to an increased risk of ICC (p < 0.05). Conclusions Polymorphisms of IL-1β and TNF-α are not a risk of ICC, but an individual with O. viverrini infection has an effect on all genotypes of the TNF-α gene that might promote ICC. Primary prevention of ICC in high-risk areas is based on efforts to reduce O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supannee Promthet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Songserm
- ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Somkiattiyos Woradet
- ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surapon Wiangnon
- ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Walker AJ, Peacock CJ, Pedergnana V, Irving WL. Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:442-456. [PMID: 29397014 PMCID: PMC6321980 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Individuals at heightened risk could be targeted by intensive follow-up surveillance. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV-infected patients. A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases was performed, and the strength of evidence of associations for each gene on development of HCC was evaluated. We identified 166 relevant studies, relating to 137 different genes, or combinations thereof. Seventeen genes were classified as having "good" evidence of an association, a significant association was observed for 37 genes but this finding had not yet been replicated, 56 genes had mixed or limited evidence of an association, and 27 genes showed no association. IFNL3/4, TNF-α and PNPLA3 genes had the most evidence of an association. There was, however, considerable heterogeneity in study design and data quality. In conclusion, we identified a number of genes with evidence of association with HCC, but also a need for more standardized approaches to address this clinically critical question. It is important to consider the underlying mechanism of these relationships and which are confounded by the presence of other HCC risk factors and response to therapy. We also identified many genes where the evidence of association is contradictory or requires replication, as well as a number where associations have been studied but no evidence found. These findings should help to direct future studies on host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Walker
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Centre for Evidence Based MedicineDepartment of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - C. J. Peacock
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - V. Pedergnana
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - W. L. Irving
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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8
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Sachdeva M, Chawla YK, Arora SK. Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2080-2090. [PMID: 26301050 PMCID: PMC4539401 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i17.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.
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9
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Saxena R, Kaur J. Th1/Th2 cytokines and their genotypes as predictors of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1572-1580. [PMID: 26085916 PMCID: PMC4462695 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant type of primary liver cancer, is one of the most serious life-threatening malignancies, worldwide. In majority of the cases, HCC develops after prolonged and persistent chronic liver disease. hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HCV infection is prominent etiological factors, attributing to this condition. It has been well documented that HBV, being the inducer of chronic inflammation, is the main causative agent in causing HCC, particularly in Asian countries. The HBV infection leads to a wide range of clinical symptoms from carrier state to malignancy. Cytokines being immune-modulatory molecules, are the key mediators in the defense mechanism against viral infection. In this regard, this review will detail the substantial role of key Th1: interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ; Th2: IL-4, IL-10 and non Th1/Th2: IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1 cytokines genotypes in analyzing the variability in the clinical manifestations in an HBV-afflicted individual, which might finally, culminates into HCC. Since cytokine production is regulated genetically, the cytokine promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms induced changes, greatly affects the cytokine production, thus resulting into differential outcome of immune balance.
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10
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Bei CH, Bai H, Yu HP, Yang Y, Liang QQ, Deng YY, Tan SK, Qiu XQ. Combined effects of six cytokine gene polymorphisms and SNP-SNP interactions on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Southern Guangxi, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6961-7. [PMID: 25169554 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are involved in the genesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that combined effects of cytokine gene SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions are associated with HCC risk. Six SNPs in cytokine genes (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were genotyped in a study of 720 Chinese HCC cases and 784 cancer-free controls. Although none of these SNPs individually had a significant effect on the risk of HCC, we found that the combined effects of these six SNPs may contribute to HCC risk (OR=1.821, 95% CI=1.078-3.075). This risk was pronounced among smokers, drinkers, and hepatitis B virus carriers. A SNP-SNP interaction between IL-2-330 and IFN-γ-1615 was associated with an increased HCC risk (OR=1.078, 95% CI=1.022-1.136). In conclusion, combined effects of SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions in cytokine genes may contribute to HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Bei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China E-mail :
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Abstract
Persistent viral infection, such as HCV infection, is the result of the inability of the host immune system to mount a successful antiviral response, as well as the escape strategies devised by the virus. Although each individual component of the host immune system plays important roles in antiviral immunity, the interactive network of immune cells as a whole acts against the virus. The innate immune system forms the first line of host defense against viral infection, and thus, virus elimination or chronic HCV infection is linked to the direct outcome of the interactions between the various innate immune cells and HCV. By understanding how the distinct components of the innate immune system function both individually and collectively during HCV infection, potential therapeutic targets can be identified to overcome immune dysfunction and control chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banishree Saha
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Cardin R, Piciocchi M, Bortolami M, Kotsafti A, Barzon L, Lavezzo E, Sinigaglia A, Rodriguez-Castro KI, Rugge M, Farinati F. Oxidative damage in the progression of chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma: An intricate pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3078-3086. [PMID: 24696595 PMCID: PMC3964380 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The histo-pathologic and molecular mechanisms leading to initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still ill-defined; however, there is increasing evidence that the gradual accumulation of mutations, genetic and epigenetic changes which occur in preneoplastic hepatocytes results in the development of dysplastic foci, nodules, and finally, overt HCC. As well as many other neoplasias, liver cancer is considered an “inflammatory cancer”, arising from a context of inflammation, and characterized by inflammation-related mechanisms that favor tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Molecular mechanisms that link inflammation and neoplasia have been widely investigated, and it has been well established that inflammatory cells recruited at these sites with ongoing inflammatory activity release chemokines that enhance the production of reactive oxygen species. The latter, in turn, probably have a major pathogenic role in the continuum starting from hepatitis followed by chronic inflammation, and ultimately leading to cancer. The relationship amongst chronic liver injury, free radical production, and development of HCC is explored in the present review, particularly in the light of the complex network that involves oxidative DNA damage, cytokine synthesis, telomere dysfunction, and microRNA regulation.
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Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Pal M, De BK, Chakrabarti S, Ghosh MK, Chandra Seth BC, Roychowdhury S, Chakravarty R. Association of Interleukin-1β and Gene Polymorphisms with Liver Pathogenesis in Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Eastern Indian Population. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:281-7. [PMID: 25755515 PMCID: PMC3940093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important member of the family of the proinflammatory cytokines that modulate outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the polymorphic genotypes of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promoter region and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) and disease outcome in HBV-infected individuals. METHODS DNA was extracted from 395 study subjects including HBV carriers with varying clinical presentations, as well as healthy controls and spontaneously recovered cases (SRC). Polymorphisms in IL-1β (at position -511) and IL-1RN (variable nucleotide tandem repeats, VNTR) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR based assay respectively. RESULTS Among the study subjects, different IL-1β (at position -511) (CC, CT and TT) and IL-1RN (1/1, 1/2, 2/2 and 1/3) polymorphic genotypes were found at variable proportions. Logistic regression analysis revealed, no notable difference at the level of IL-1β promoter (P = 0.244; OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.52-1.18) or IL-1RN genotype polymorphism (P = 0.840; OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.78-1.36) among the HBV carriers and controls or SRC cases. Pairwise proportion testing showed, IL-1β -511 genotype CC was significantly higher among asymptomatic carriers (ASC) in comparison with liver cirrhosis (LC) patients (P value = 0.028) and healthy control group (P-value = 0.036). IL-1RN genotype 2/2 was considerably higher in LC group than SRC as well as control group. Combinations of IL-1β (-511) and IL-1RN polymorphisms were associated with disease progression, such as CC-1/2 with ASC and TT-2/2 with LC. CONCLUSION IL-1β polymorphisms are found to be associated with disease severity. Different polymorphic combinations are associated with degree of disease severity. Overall this is the first report from Eastern India, which shows association of IL-1β polymorphisms with HBV-related hepatic complications.
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Key Words
- ASC, asymptomatic carriers
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- Eastern India
- HBV
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-1RN, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- LC, liver cirrhosis
- LR, logistic regression
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SRC, spontaneously recovered cases
- USG, ultrasonography
- VNTR, variable nucleotide tandem repeats
- cirrhosis
- interleukin polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Binay K. De
- Department of Medicine, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India,Address for correspondence: Runu Chakravarty, ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, GB 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010, India. Tel.: +91 33 2353 7425; fax: +91 33 2353 7424.
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14
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Xu J, Yin Z, Cao S, Gao W, Liu L, Yin Y, Liu P, Shu Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between IL-1B polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63654. [PMID: 23704929 PMCID: PMC3660576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is emerging as a key mediator of carcinogenesis that characterizes host-environment interactions. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between two polymorphisms of IL-1B (-511C/T and +3954C/T) and cancer susceptibility have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study is to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. METHODS Related studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to September 15, 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the IL-1B -511C/T and +3954C/T polymorphisms and cancer risk were calculated. Heterogeneity among studies and publication bias were also tested. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 91 case-control studies in 85 publications, 81 studies for the -511C/T (19547 cases and 23935 controls) and 26 studies for the +3954C/T polymorphisms (8083 cases and 9183). The pooled results indicated that IL-1B +3954C/T (dominant model: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30) was significantly associated with increased overall cancer risk, especially among hospital-based case-control studies (dominant model: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66). As for -511C/T, we observed an inverse relationship in cervical cancer (dominant model: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.35-2.23) and hepatocellular carcinoma (dominant model: OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47-0.99). Moreover, -511C/T was associated with risk of specific subtypes of gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that both the IL-1B -511C/T and +3954C/T polymorphisms might modulate cancer susceptibility. Further well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes should be performed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songyu Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O, Hassan M. Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:342-55. [PMID: 23355912 PMCID: PMC3554798 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide, and thereby becomes a series global health challenge. Chronic infection with HCV is considered one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the multiple functions of the HCV proteins and their impacts on the modulation of the intracellular signaling transduction processes, the drive of carcinogenesis during the infection with HCV, is thought to result from the interactions of viral proteins with host cell proteins. Thus, the induction of mutator phenotype, in liver, by the expression of HCV proteins provides a key mechanism for the development of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing incidence during the past decades. In many countries, the trend of HCC is attributed to several liver diseases including HCV infection. However, the development of HCC is very complicated and results mainly from the imbalance between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as from the alteration of cellular factors leading to a genomic instability. Besides the poor prognosis of HCC patients, this type of tumor is quite resistance to the available therapies. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms, which are implicated in the development of HCC during the course of HCV infection, may help to design a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment and/or the prevention of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the development of HCV-associated HCC and the possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, Mohamed Hassan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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16
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Saxena R, Chawla YK, Verma I, Kaur J. Interleukin-1 polymorphism and expression in hepatitis B virus-mediated disease outcome in India. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 33:80-9. [PMID: 23210983 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated any possible association among Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1B)-511 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) genotypes, haplotypes, and IL-1B expression with risk for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) development in India. For this, 406 subjects (153 controls, 67 inactive HBV-carriers, 65 patients with chronic-active HBV, 62 HBV-cirrhotics, and 59 subjects with HBV-HCC) were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used for assessing polymorphism, mRNA, and protein levels, respectively, of IL-1. The study revealed no significant association of IL-1B(-511) CT and TT genotypes, while a significant positive association of the IL-1RN (VNTR) 1/2 genotype with HCC development, among controls and carriers. Besides, 2/2 genotypes acted as a potential risk factor for hepatitis and subsequent cirrhosis development, among the same groups. Furthermore, the IL-1 haplotypes 2 and 3 were found to be significant protective factors for hepatitis and subsequent HCC development, among controls. However, haplotype 4 shared a significant negative association with hepatitis only. Moreover, proinflammatory IL-1B levels significantly and steadily elevated with the disease progression to HCC, as compared to controls. These preliminary findings indicate a key role of IL-1 in the HBV-mediated disease chronicity, in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Burada F, Dumitrescu T, Nicoli R, Ciurea ME, Angelescu C, Mixich F, Ioana M. IL-1RN +2018T>C polymorphism is correlated with colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2012. [PMID: 23192617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates chronic inflammation as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. We investigated whether IL-1B -511C>T (rs16944), IL-1B +3954C>T (rs1143634) and IL1-RN +2018T>C (rs419598) cytokine polymorphisms are correlated with colorectal cancer. Blood samples were obtained from 377 Romanian subjects: 144 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and 233 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by allelic discrimination TaqMan PCR assays with specific probes. The results of our study showed that IL-1RN +2018T>C polymorphism is associated with colorectal cancer. We found that there was a significant difference in the frequency of CC genotype between patients with colorectal cancer and the control group (OR 2.42, 95 % CI: 1.06-5.53, p = 0,034) when TT genotype was used as reference. Furthermore, in a stratified analysis, a positive association was found only for IL-1RN +2018CC genotype, that was limited to early I and II stages (OR 2.72, 95 % CI: 1.05-7.03, p = 0,033). We did not find any association between any of the IL-1B polymorphisms and colorectal cancer. In conclusion this study found that IL-1RN +2018T>C polymorphism is associated with colorectal cancer, mainly for localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Burada
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Human Genomic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 1 May Street No 66, Craiova, Romania.
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Kohga K, Tatsumi T, Tsunematsu H, Aono S, Shimizu S, Kodama T, Hikita H, Yamamoto M, Oze T, Aketa H, Hosui A, Miyagi T, Ishida H, Hiramatsu N, Kanto T, Hayashi N, Takehara T. Interleukin-1β enhances the production of soluble MICA in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1425-32. [PMID: 22302133 PMCID: PMC11028930 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) is thought to antagonize NKG2D-mediated immunosurveillance. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH), and this might contribute to the escape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells from innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of IL-1β in the production of soluble MICA of HCC cells. First, we investigated the correlation between the serum IL-1β levels and soluble MICA in CH patients. Serum IL-1β levels were associated with soluble MICA levels in CH patients. The serum IL-1β levels of CH patients with the HCC occurrence were significantly higher than those of CH patients without HCC. We next examined the MICA production of IL-1β-treated HCC cells. Addition of IL-1β resulted in significant increase in the production of soluble MICA in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells, human HCC cells. But soluble MICA was not detected in both non-treated and IL-1β-treated normal hepatocytes. Addition of IL-1β did not increase the expressions of membrane-bound MICA on HCC cells. These were observed similarly in various cancer cells including a gastric cancer (MKN1), two colon cancers (HCT116 and HT29) and a cervical cancer (HeLa). Addition of IL-1β also increased the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)9 in HCC cells, and the knockdown of ADAM9 in IL-1β-treated HCC cells resulted in the decrease in the production of soluble MICA of HCC cells. These findings indicate that IL-1β might enhance the production of soluble MICA by activating ADAM9 in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kohga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hinako Tsunematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Aono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tsugiko Oze
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aketa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Atsushi Hosui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hisashi Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoki Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Norio Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Kansai-Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Miki D, Ochi H, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Chayama K. Hepatocellular carcinoma: towards personalized medicine. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:846-50. [PMID: 22339805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years, the success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pharmacogenomics has gradually begun to enable personalized medicine in some fields. In the field of liver diseases, host genetic factors are now very useful in clinical practice for predicting treatment outcome and adverse reactions for pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy against chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recently, three virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) GWAS were reported from Asia. One study examined hepatitis B virus-related HCC in China, where hepatitis B is very prevalent, and the other two examined HCV-related HCC in Japan. We identified a common variant in the DEPDC5 locus associated with HCV-related HCC, and another group identified an association involving the MICA locus. In this review, we compare the results of these GWAS and earlier candidate gene studies. Further research is needed to determine the role of these single nucleotide polymorphisms on HCC risk, but identification of these markers could make it possible to assess the magnitude of the risk of cancer based on each patient's genetic background. Consideration of the genetic background of the patients will likely play a role in personalized medicine for HCC, and understanding the mechanism underlying the association could suggest novel promising therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Miki
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Ksiaa Cheikhrouhou L, Sfar I, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Aouadi H, Jendoubi-Ayed S, Ben Abdallah T, Ayed K, Lakhoua-Gorgi Y. Cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms influence the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:280-8. [PMID: 21669572 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is thought to be chronic and the factors leading to viral clearance or persistence are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a significant relationship between the spontaneous clearance or the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Polymorphisms of the genes IL-1 (-889 IL-1alpha, -511 and +3954 IL-1beta, IL-1Ra), IL-18 (-137 and -607), IL-12 (-1188) and Apo1/Fas (-670) were determined by PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSP and PCR-VNTR in 100 healthy blood donors and 100 patients infected with HCV and undergoing hemodialysis. The patients were classified into two groups: G1 consisted of 76 active chronic hepatitis patients (positive for HCV RNA) and G2 consisted of 24 hemodialysed patients who spontaneously eliminated the virus (negative for HCV RNA). RESULTS The frequency of genotype association [-137GC/-607CA] IL-18 was higher in G2 (41.7%) than in G1 (15.8%) (P=0.008; OR=0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.73). We also found a higher frequency of the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene in G2 (41.6%) than in G1 (17.5%) (P=0.026; OR=3.49; 95% CI, 1.13-10.69). Adjustment for known covariate factors (age, gender and genotype) confirmed these univariate findings and revealed that the genotype association GC-CA of the (-137 and -607) IL-18 gene and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene were associated with the clearance of HCV (P=0.041 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION The two genotypes GC-CA of the (-137 and -607) IL-18 polymorphism and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene influence the outcome of HCV infection in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ksiaa Cheikhrouhou
- Immunology Research Laboratory of Kidney Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Thunis, Tunisia
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The TNF-α, IL-1B and IL-10 polymorphisms and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:947-52. [PMID: 21107607 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TNF-α-308 G/A, TNF-α-238 G/A, IL-1B-31 T/C, IL-1B-511 C/T, and IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphisms have been reported to influence the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many studies; however, the results still remains controversial and ambiguous. The aim of this study was to determine more precise estimations for the relationship between TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-10 polymorphisms and the risk for HCC by meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic searches for all publications were conducted on associations between these variants and HCC in several databases through September 2010. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of this association in a random-effect model. Twenty studies were identified, involving 2,763 HCC patients and 4,152 controls. RESULTS This meta-analysis showed significant association between TNF-α-308 polymorphism and HCC (AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12-2.72). In Caucasian and Asian subgroups, OR values (95% CI) were 1.49 (0.58-3.82) and 1.84 (1.06-3.20), respectively. While the ORs for TNF-α-238 G/A, IL-1B-31 T/C, -511 C/T and IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphisms and HCC were 1.37 (0.95-2.00), 1.24 (0.99-1.55), 1.12 (0.66-1.88) and 0.91 (0.74-1.12), respectively. The sensitivity analysis further strengthened the overall strong positive correlations. No publication bias was observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism is assumed to confer a higher risk for HCC, especially in Asian population. TNF-α-238 G/A, IL-1B-31 T/C, -511 C/T, and IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphisms were not detected to be related to the risk for HCC.
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Fontanini E, Cussigh A, Fabris C, Falleti E, Toniutto P, Bitetto D, Cmet S, Fumolo E, Fornasiere E, Bignulin S, Pinato DJ, Minisini R, Pirisi M. Gender-related distribution of the interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in patients with end-stage liver disease. Inflammation 2010; 33:251-8. [PMID: 20087638 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) genetic polymorphisms and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) seem to be related with the occurrence of chronic diseases. This study aimed to verify whether IL-1 beta -511>C/T, -31>T/C, +3953>C/T and IL1RN VNTR were associated to the development of liver cirrhosis. Two hundred forty cirrhotic patients were involved in the study. A significant trend was detected, for increasing cirrhosis frequencies, grouping the patients as follows: females and males carrying neither the IL-1 beta (-511 -31) T-C/T-C or T-C/(T-T or C-C) diplotypes nor any IL1RN A2 allele (138/292), males carrying either the IL-1 beta T-C/T-C or T-C/(T-T or C-C) diplotypes or at least one IL1RN A2 allele (74/147) and males carrying either the IL-1 beta T-C/T-C or T-C/(T-T or C-C) diplotypes and at least one IL1RN A2 allele (28/37) (p < 0.01). IL-1 beta polymorphisms are associated with the occurrence of end stage liver disease. IL-1 beta inflammatory activity appears more pronounced in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Fontanini
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. M. della Misericordia 1, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Okamoto K, Ishida C, Ikebuchi Y, Mandai M, Mimura K, Murawaki Y, Yuasa I. The genotypes of IL-1 beta and MMP-3 are associated with the prognosis of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Intern Med 2010; 49:887-95. [PMID: 20467172 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tumor growth, invasion, and remote metastasis in various cancers. Recently, functional gene polymorphisms in these cytokines and MMPs have been found, and some reports have revealed an association between these polymorphisms and the prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we examined the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RN), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1), MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and the prognosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We enrolled 92 HCV-related HCC patients in the study, and gene polymorphisms of IL-1b -31 C/T, IL-1 RN variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), TGF-b1 +869 C/T, MMP-1 -1,607 1G/2G, MMP-3 -1,171 5A/6A, and MMP-9 -1,562 C/T were analyzed. RESULTS In HCC clinical features, TGF-b1 C carriers and MMP-3 5A carriers had significantly larger HCC diameters than TGF-b1 T and MMP-3 6A homozygotes. In HCC prognosis, IL-1b T homozygotes and MMP-3 5A carriers had a significantly poorer prognosis than IL-1b C carriers and MMP-3 6A homozygotes. Those with a combination of IL-1b T homozygosity and MMP-3 5A had synergistically poorer HCC prognosis. CONCLUSION The IL-1b -31 T allele and MMP-3 5A allele are cooperative risk factors for poor prognosis in HCC patients, suggesting that these gene polymorphisms might be potential markers for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Okamoto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago.
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Stoicov C, Li H, Cerny J, Houghton J. How the study of Helicobacter infection can contribute to the understanding of carcinoma development. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:813-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ren JL, Pan JS, Lu YP, Sun P, Han J. Inflammatory signaling and cellular senescence. Cell Signal 2008; 21:378-83. [PMID: 18992324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation acts as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of cancer. Inflammatory responses play a key role in eliminating potentially cancerous cells; however, an inflammatory microenvironment also promotes the development of cancer. Proinflammatory cytokines, the key mediators of inflammation, also play a dual role in oncogenesis. While they can promote neoplastic progression, recent studies have revealed an unexpected function of the inflammatory pathways in inhibiting cancer development. These studies demonstrate that cells undergoing senescence, a cellular program serving as a barrier to cancer development, produce increased amount of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of cellular senescence, and are responsible for triggering an innate immune response that clears the senescent tumor cells in vivo. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the dual roles of the inflammatory cytokines produced by senescent cells in the pathogenesis of cancer, and the signaling pathway mediating their role in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Sakamoto T, Higaki Y, Hara M, Ichiba M, Horita M, Mizuta T, Eguchi Y, Yasutake T, Ozaki I, Yamamoto K, Onohara S, Kawazoe S, Shigematsu H, Koizumi S, Tanaka K. Interaction between interleukin-1beta -31T/C gene polymorphism and drinking and smoking habits on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among Japanese. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:98-104. [PMID: 18603357 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases with the severity of hepatic inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are proinflammatory cytokines with multiple biological effects and may play essential roles in inflammation-linked tumor development. We conducted a case-control study including 209 incident HCC cases and two control groups (275 hospital controls and 381 patients with chronic liver disease [CLD] without HCC) to investigate whether IL-1B and TNF-A gene polymorphisms influence HCC susceptibility with any interaction with alcohol and tobacco. By comparing HCC cases with CLD patients, we found that IL-1B -31T/C polymorphism was associated with HCC risk among never drinkers and current smokers; adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for C/T and T/T genotypes compared with C/C genotype were 1.70 (0.76-3.77) and 2.46 (1.05-5.76) (P trend=0.03), respectively, among never drinkers, and 1.53 (0.60-3.99) and 2.54 (0.81-7.95) (P trend=0.11), respectively, among current smokers. Similarly, HCC risk associated with heavy alcohol intake and current smoking differed by this polymorphism among CLD patients. IL-1B -31T/C polymorphism may modify HCC risk in relation to alcohol intake or smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Wei Y, Liang W, Liao M, Zhang L. Association of IL-1B Gene Polymorphisms with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a Chinese Population. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2008; 20:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms involved is vital for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the mechanistic pathways that underlie chronic inflammation and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of host genetic factors that increase the risk of carcinogenesis.
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Allavena P, Garlanda C, Borrello MG, Sica A, Mantovani A. Pathways connecting inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2008; 18:3-10. [PMID: 18325755 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and persistent inflammation contributes to cancer development and can predispose to carcinogenesis. Infection-driven inflammations are involved in the pathogenesis of approximately 15-20% of human tumors. However, even tumors that are not epidemiologically linked to pathogens are characterized by the presence of an inflammatory component in their microenvironment. Hallmarks of cancer-associated inflammation include the presence of infiltrating leukocytes, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, lipid messengers, and matrix-degrading enzymes. Schematically, two interrelated pathways link inflammation and cancer: (1) genetic events leading to neoplastic transformation promote the construction of an inflammatory milieu; (2) tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, in particular macrophages, are prime regulators of cancer inflammation. Thus, an intrinsic pathway of inflammation (driven in tumor cells), as well as an extrinsic pathway (in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes) have been described and both contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Allavena
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Farinati F, Cardin R, Bortolami M, Burra P, Russo FP, Rugge M, Guido M, Sergio A, Naccarato R. Hepatitis C virus: from oxygen free radicals to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:821-9. [PMID: 18070284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence clearly identifies chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the mechanisms that have been implicated in the pro-carcinogenic effect of HCV infection, an increased production of reactive oxygen species in the liver seems to have a major pathogenetic role in leading from chronic inflammation to cancer. Recent data have also demonstrated that HCV is capable of inducing this active production of free radicals per se, not just through inflammation, a feature peculiar to this virus and the specific activity of its core protein. This paper provides an overview of the inter-relationships between HCV, liver damage, free radical production and HCC, describing at least in part the complex network involving DNA oxidative damage, cytokine synthesis, proto-oncogene activation and oestrogen receptor expression, that may all be deeply involved in liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farinati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Policlinico Universitario, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent malignancy worldwide with a high rate of metastasis. The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including HCC. Specifically, this review aims to cover evidence for the potential roles of cytokines, an important component of the immune system, in promoting HCC carcinogenesis and progression. A global summary of cytokine levels, functions, polymorphisms, and therapies with regard to HCC is presented. In particular, the role of proinflammatory Th1 and anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine imbalances in the microenvironment of HCC patients with metastasis and the possible clinical significance of these findings are addressed. Overall, multiple studies, spanning many decades, have begun to elucidate the important role of cytokines in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Budhu
- National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg. 37, Rm. 3044A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Farinati F, Cardin R, Bortolami M, Guido M, Rugge M. Oxidative damage, pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-α and c-myc in chronic HCV-related hepatitis and cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2065-9. [PMID: 16610058 PMCID: PMC4087686 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i13.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess whether a correlation exists between oxidative DNA damage occurring in chronic HCV-related hepatitis and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-α and c-myc.
METHODS: The series included 37 patients with chronic active HCV-related hepatitis and 11 with HCV-related compensated cirrhosis. Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver biopsies was quantified using an electrochemical detector. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-α and c-myc in liver specimens was detected by semi-quantitative comparative RT-PCR.
RESULTS: TNF-α levels were significantly higher in hepatitis patients than in cirrhosis patients (P = 0.05). IL-1β was higher in cirrhosis patients (P = 0.05). A significant correlation was found between TNF-α and staging (P = 0.05) and between IL-1β levels and grading (P = 0.04). c-myc showed a significantly higher expression in cirrhosis patients (P = 0.001). Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were significantly higher in cirrhosis patients (P = 0.05) and in HCV genotype 1 (P = 0.03). Considering all patients, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were found to be correlated with genotype (P = 0.04) and grading (P = 0.007). Also multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among the number of DNA adducts, TNF-α expression and HCV genotype (P = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: In chronic HCV-related liver damage, oxidative DNA damage correlates with HCV genotype, grading and TNF-α levels. As HCV-related liver damage progresses, TNF-α levels drop while IL-1β and c-myc levels increase, which may be relevant to liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
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Hirankarn N, Kimkong I, Kummee P, Tangkijvanich P, Poovorawan Y. Interleukin-1β gene polymorphism associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:776-9. [PMID: 16521194 PMCID: PMC4066131 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) promoter region C-511T and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) polymorphism among the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HCC and non-HCC).
METHODS: Genomic DNA from 136 Thai patients with chronic HBV infection (HCC = 46 and non-HCC = 90) and 152 healthy individuals was genotyped for IL-1β gene polymorphism (-511) using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of IL-1RN gene was assessed by a PCR-based assay. The association between these genes and status of the disease was evaluated by χ2 test.
RESULTS: IL-1B-511 genotype C/C was found to be significantly different in patients with HCC when compared with healthy individuals (P = 0.036, OR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.05-4.97) and patients without HCC (P =0.036, OR = 2.52, 95%CI=1.05-6.04). Analysis of allele frequencies of IL-1B-511 showed that IL-1B-511 C allele was also significantly increased in patients with HCC, compared to that in healthy control (P = 0.033, OR = 1.72, 95%CI=1.04-2.84). However, no significant association in IL-1RN gene was found between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: IL-1B-511C allele, which may be associated with high IL-1B production in the liver, is a genetic marker for the development of HCC in chronic hepatitis B patients in Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Maruyama Y, Nordfors L, Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Bárány P, Pecoits-Filho R, Axelsson J, Hoff CM, Holmes CJ, Schalling M, Lindholm B. Interleukin-1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms Are Associated with Nutritional Status and Inflammation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Blood Purif 2005; 23:384-93. [PMID: 16088107 DOI: 10.1159/000087196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasting and inflammation are two common risk factors for death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and its receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of wasting and inflammation. METHODS To investigate effects of the IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms on wasting and inflammation, we studied 189 ESRD patients (52+/- 12 years, 62% males) close to the start of renal replacement therapy. 205 healthy volunteers served as controls. We analyzed the IL-1B -511C/T, -31C/T, and +3954C/T polymorphisms as well as a variable number of a tandem repeat (VNTR) in IL-1RN. Nutritional parameters included serum albumin level, subjective global nutritional assessment (SGA), and body composition evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We used serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker of inflammation. RESULTS Wasting (SGA>1) was present in 31%, whereas inflammation (CRP>/=10 mg/l) was present in 36% of the patients. The male carriers of the -511T/T and -31C/C genotypes had a lower prevalence of wasting (p<0.05), higher body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05), and higher lean body mass (LBM) (p<0.01). In a stepwise multiple regression model, age (p<0.05), BMI (p<0.01) and the IL-1B -511 genotype (p<0.01) were independently associated with LBM. The carriers of the +3954T allele had a lower prevalence of inflammation (p<0.05) and lower serum hsCRP (p<0.05). The VNTR in IL-1RN was not associated with any markers. CONCLUSION The investigated IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms were associated with nutritional status and inflammation in ESRD patients, but marked differences were found between the genders. These polymorphisms could have prognostic utility for predicting wasting and inflammation in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Science, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Maruyama Y, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B. Role of interleukin-1beta in the development of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients. Blood Purif 2005; 23:275-81. [PMID: 15925866 DOI: 10.1159/000086012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition and wasting are common among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and these complications are strongly associated with poor survival in these patients. Whereas both under- and overweight predict in increased mortality risk in the general population, a high body mass index is associated with better outcome in ESRD patients. Circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are markedly elevated in uremia and also predictor of a poor clinical outcome in ESRD patients. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), which is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, may further amplify inflammation and lead to malnutrition, through inducing anorexia, and muscle wasting due to increased protein breakdown. Several clinical studies have shown that the circulating level of IL-1beta may affect nutritional status, especially body composition. Several IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms were reported, and they may affect the prevalence of cytokine-mediated diseases. Although a number of factors are related to malnutrition and wasting in ESRD, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, may play an important role. This could in part be due to genetic factors. Further research, especially regarding the IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms, is necessary to determine this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Maruyama
- Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Orito E, Sugauchi F, Tanaka Y, Ichida T, Sata M, Tanaka E, Okanoue T, Sakugawa H, Watanabe H, Miyakawa H, Nishiguchi S, Kumada H, Ueda R, Mizokami M. Differences of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes of Ba, Bj or C in Japan. Intervirology 2005; 48:239-45. [PMID: 15920348 DOI: 10.1159/000084601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes B (HBV/B) and C (HBV/C) are prevalent in Asia. Recently HBV/B has been classified into two subtypes, HBV/Ba which is ubiquitously found in Asia, and HBV/Bj which is specific in Japan. In addition, the frequency of positive HBeAg has been reported to be higher in patients with HBV/Ba than those with HBV/Bj. However, little is known about the differences between patients with various genotypes who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 296 serum samples of HCC patients collected from all over Japan, HBV genotypes were determined with the restriction fragment length polymorphism. HBV/A was detected in 1.0%, HBV/Ba in 4.4%, HBV/Bj in 7.4%, and HBV/C in 86.5%. In the Tohoku district and Okinawa, HBV/Ba, HBV/Bj and HBV/C were found in 6.7, 40.0 and 48.9%, compared to 4.0, 1.6 and 93.2% in the other districts in Japan. HBV/Bj patients were more frequently found in the group older than 65 years while HBV/Ba patients were found in all age groups. The frequency of positive HBeAg in HBV/Bj patients was significantly low compared to that in the other patients. More than 60% of the patients with HCC had cirrhosis as the underlying liver diseases. However, in HBV/Ba patients aged 50 years or younger, 80% of them had chronic hepatitis, while 87.5% of those aged older than 50 years had cirrhosis. These data suggest that great differences exist among patients with HCC infected with different genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Orito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi I, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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37
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Lu Y, Liu PY, Xiao P, Deng HW. Hotelling's T2 multivariate profiling for detecting differential expression in microarrays. Bioinformatics 2005; 21:3105-13. [PMID: 15905280 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widely used statistical methods for finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are essentially univariate. In this study, we present a new T(2) statistic for analyzing microarray data. We implemented our method using a multiple forward search (MFS) algorithm that is designed for selecting a subset of feature vectors in high-dimensional microarray datasets. The proposed T2 statistic is a corollary to that originally developed for multivariate analyses and possesses two prominent statistical properties. First, our method takes into account multidimensional structure of microarray data. The utilization of the information hidden in gene interactions allows for finding genes whose differential expressions are not marginally detectable in univariate testing methods. Second, the statistic has a close relationship to discriminant analyses for classification of gene expression patterns. Our search algorithm sequentially maximizes gene expression difference/distance between two groups of genes. Including such a set of DEGs into initial feature variables may increase the power of classification rules. We validated our method by using a spike-in HGU95 dataset from Affymetrix. The utility of the new method was demonstrated by application to the analyses of gene expression patterns in human liver cancers and breast cancers. Extensive bioinformatics analyses and cross-validation of DEGs identified in the application datasets showed the significant advantages of our new algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University 601 N. 30th Street, Suite 6787, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
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38
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Sawada K, Masaki N, Hayashi S, Zeniya M, Ishikawa T, Takahashi H, Ohnishi K, Fukunaga K, Hara N, Yamamoto T, Hada T, Toda G. Immunomodulatory effects of selective leucocytapheresis as a new adjunct to interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy: a prospective study in patients with high plasma HCV viraemia. J Viral Hepat 2005; 12:274-82. [PMID: 15850468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of interferon-alpha2b (IFN) + ribavirin (IFN/RBV) combination in patients with high plasma hepatitis C virus (HCV) is very poor. Dysregulated CD4+ /CD8+ T cells is involved in both impaired cell-mediated immunity and resistance to IFN. Adsorptive granulocytes and monocytes apheresis (GMA) can remove infected leucocytes which are extrahepatic HCV reservoirs and also has been associated with intriguing immunomodulation and increases in CD4+ T cells. Our aim was to see if GMA enhances the efficacy of IFN/RBV. Twenty-four patients, 13 IFN resistant and 11 IFN naive were enrolled. Seventeen were genotype 1b and 7 were 2a or 2b. Mean plasma HCV-RNA was 612.9 (100-850) kIU/mL and alanine aminotransferase, 108 (41-373) U/L. GMA was performed with Adacolumn at one session/day for five consecutive days and IFN/RBV was started within 24 h after the last GMA session. Daily 6 million units of IFN, six times/week for 2 weeks and then three times/week for 22 weeks were given with RBV (600-800 mg/day/patient). Patients were followed for 6 months. GMA was associated with a significant increase in lymphocyte counts, complement activation fragment C3a and falls in tissue necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-8 produced by peripheral blood leucocytes. At week 24, 20 of 24 patients (83%) were HCV negative and by end of follow-up (week 49), the remission was sustained in 14 of 24 patients (58%) including 100% of patients with 2a or 2b. In conclusion, enhanced efficacy of IFN/RBV following GMA might be attributed to a more efficient immune function and a renewed IFN signaling towards HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sawada
- Department of Gastroentrology, Fujimoto Hospital Medicine, Osaka 583-0857, Japan.
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39
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Minton EJ, Smillie D, Smith P, Shipley S, McKendrick MW, Gleeson DC, Underwood JCE, Cannings C, Wilson AG. Clearance of hepatitis C virus is not associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-1, -6, or -10 genes. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:127-32. [PMID: 15694997 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) commonly causes a chronic infection, but a minority of patients are able to clear the virus and do not run the risk of developing HCV-induced organ damage. Genetic associations between immunoregulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, -6, and -10 with clinical features of HCV, including virus clearance, have been inconsistent. We determined cytokine genotypes in 606 patients who had serologic evidence of HCV exposure, 190 (18%) of whom were consistently negative for HCV RNA, indicating successful virus clearance. There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies between HCV clearance and nonclearance groups for IL-1B (-511 and +3954), IL-1A (+4845), IL-1RN (+2018), IL-6 (-174), or IL-10 (-1082). We conclude that these single nucleotide polymorphisms are unlikely to play an important, if any, role in determining the likelihood of clearing HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Minton
- Infection and Travel Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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40
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Orito E, Mizokami M. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. Intervirology 2004; 46:408-12. [PMID: 14688460 DOI: 10.1159/000075000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Southeast Asia where HBV genotype B (HBV/B) and genotype C (HBV/C) are prevalent. Clinical and virological differences were evaluated between HCC patients in Japan and Taiwan, all of whom were infected with HBV/B and HBV/C. In Japan, the prevalence rates of HBV/B and HBV/C were 12 and 85%, respectively, in patients with chronic HBV infection, which is similar to those of 13 and 86% in patients with HCC. In the HCC patients with HBV/B, the mean age was 70 years and higher than that of 55 years in those with HBV/C. In Taiwan, however, HBV/B was detected in 61% and HBV/C in 31% of patients with HCC. Furthermore, the mean age of HCC patients with HBV/B in Taiwan was 50 years and younger compared to the 59 years of those with HBV/C. These differences may be explained by a distinct distribution of subtypes of HBV/B between the two countries. In Taiwan as well as in most Asian countries only the subtype Ba of HBV/B is found, while the majority of Japanese patients with HBV/B have the subtype Bj. Although the risk factors associated with HCC should be investigated with respect to host and environmental factors, the differences in genotypes and subtypes of HBV would need to be taken into consideration in etiological and clinical studies on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Orito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Macarthur M, Hold GL, El-Omar EM. Inflammation and Cancer II. Role of chronic inflammation and cytokine gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal malignancy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 286:G515-20. [PMID: 15010360 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00475.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that cancer arises in chronically inflamed tissue, and this is particularly notable in the gastrointestinal tract. Classic examples include Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. There is growing evidence to suggest that this association is not coincidental but may indeed be causal. In this review, we discuss the role of chronic inflammation and cytokine gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal malignancy and outline some of the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Macarthur
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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