1
|
Dharanendra S, Gillet AS, Geer B, Hall MAK, Hwang PR. Watery Diarrhea Is Not Always Clostridioides difficile: A Case Report of Aeromonas hydrophila Gastroenteritis. Cureus 2024; 16:e51940. [PMID: 38333475 PMCID: PMC10851916 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species can cause acute gastroenteritis but are much less commonly observed in the hospital setting than other bacteria. Most cases of Aeromonas hydrophila gastroenteritis reported in the literature have occurred in pediatric, elderly, and/or immunocompromised patients. We present a case of subacute watery diarrhea due to A. hydrophila infection in an otherwise healthy 48-year-old female patient with prior abdominal surgeries and recent hospitalization for a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) for which she received antibiotics. The patient presented with 10 days of increasingly frequent non-bloody, watery, foul-smelling diarrhea as well as decreased oral intake, cramping bilateral upper abdominal pain, chills, and malaise. Initial diagnoses considered included Clostridioides difficile in the setting of CAUTI and antibiotic use, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, dumping syndrome related to bariatric surgery, and malabsorption. A computed tomography scan of her abdomen/pelvis, admission labs, and flexible sigmoidoscopy showed no relevant findings. Stool cultures eventually returned positive for A. hydrophila. The case is an uncommon presentation of Aeromonas infection that could be easily missed while other diagnoses are pursued. Early treatment of Aeromonas infection can be crucial in preventing advanced forms of disease such as septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron S Gillet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bashir Geer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mary Ann Kirkconnell Hall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patricia R Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Del Valle de Toro A, Santos-Pérez JL, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. [Epidemiological data description of pediatric patients with diarrhea by Aeromonas spp. and the antibiotic susceptibility of this agent]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:22-26. [PMID: 31248693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological features of pediatric patients with diarrhea caused by Aeromonas spp. and to study the antibiotic susceptibility of this agent during a seven-year period. Aeromonas caviae was identified in 93 stool samples from 52.2% males and 85.6% patients younger than 36 months. The season with the lowest number of isolates was winter (14.4%). Co-infection with other diarrheagenic microorganisms was observed in 31.1% of the cases. The largest number of isolates was obtained from Emergency Department samples (45.6%); 43.3% of the patients presented with fever, 87.8% with diarrhea (43% of these cases were associated with pathological products) and 67.8% with vomiting, while 73.3% of the patients did not require hospital admission. Susceptibility higher than 87% was observed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and cefepime. All the patients overcame the infectious process and 63.3% of them did not receive any antibiotic treatment during the process. A. caviae was the isolated species associated with intestinal infection. Antibiotic treatment would be specifically indicated in cases selected for their clinical severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España; Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guimarães L, Santos ACD, Ferreira E, Pereira D, Costa F. Microbiological quality of trahira fish (Hoplias malabaricus) from Baixada Maranhense, municipality of São Bento, MA. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-165700x142015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Fish are considered rich sources of nutrients. Health care throughout its production chain aims to ensure quality, minimizing the risks of transmission of foodborne diseases. In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of trahira fish (H. malabaricus), 40 samples were analysed for Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms at 45ºC, counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus spp., identification of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Aeromonas spp.. Analyses were conducted according to official methods, procedures, and recommendations. Microbiological results showed coliform values at 45 °C ranging from <3 to > 1.1 × 103 MPN/g, presence of E. coli in 14 (35%) samples, counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria from 9 × 102 to 109 CFU/g and absence of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella spp. was detected in 2 (5%) samples, which is in disagreement with the standards required by the RDC Nº 12 of January, 2001 (ANVISA) regarding Aeromonas spp. In total, 36 (90%) samples were contaminated, 7 (19.4%) by A. cavie and 29 (80.6%) by A. hidrophila. The results of this research showed unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions of fish from the municipality of São Bento (MA), exposing consumers to the risk of foodborne diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng K, Wu B, Gao J, Cai Y, Yao M, Wei L, Chai T. Immunity-Related Protein Expression and Pathological Lung Damage in Mice Poststimulation with Ambient Particulate Matter from Live Bird Markets. Front Immunol 2016; 7:252. [PMID: 27446082 PMCID: PMC4921493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain insight into the adverse health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) collected from live bird markets and to determine whether biological material in PM accounts for immune-related inflammatory response. Mice were exposed to a single or repeated dose of PM, after which the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and chemokines in the lungs of infected mice were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological analysis. Results after single and repeated PM stimulation with PM2.5+,PM2.5−,PM10+, and PM10− indicated that TLR2 and TLR4 played a dominant role in the inflammatory responses of the lung. Further analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 increased significantly, which could eventually contribute to lung injury. Moreover, biological components in PM were critical in mediating immune-related inflammatory responses and should therefore not be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , China
| | - Jing Gao
- Taian Central Hospital , Tai'an , China
| | - Yumei Cai
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , China
| | - Meiling Yao
- Zaozhuang Vocational College , Shandong , China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tavares AB, Cereser ND, Timm CD. Ocorrência de Aeromonas spp. em alimentos de origem animal e sua importância em saúde pública. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000662013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. são bactérias Gram negativas, opor-tunistas, de natureza ubíqua, isoladas principalmente de amostras de água. Até o presente momento foram reconhecidas 31 espé-cies, sendo as de maior importância médica Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae e Aeromonas veronii. A patogenicidade do gênero é considerada multifatorial, sendo este produtor de diversos tipos de toxinas e com envolvimento de outros fatores capazes de facilitar a penetração e o estabelecimento do agente no hospedeiro, causando doença. O objetivo desta revisão é elucidar o papel dos alimentos de origem animal como fontes de contaminação de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas para o ser humano. Isolamentos de aeromonas de diversos produtos de origem animal têm sido relatados, como carne, leite e seus derivados, além de frutos do mar, e em ambientes de processamento, como abatedouros, frigorífcos e laticínios. Tem-se buscado determinar fontes de contaminação dos alimentos, e a água foi definida como o principal disseminador. Aeromonas já foi defnida como sendo a causadora de diversas enfermidades, desde afecções gastrointestinais até casos de meningite e morte. Considerando os alimentos de origem animal como importantes veículos de transmissão para o ser humano e o reconhecimento da água como fonte de disseminação do agente, torna-se imprescindível o tratamento adequado da água utilizada nos estabelecimentos processadores de alimentos para a segurança alimentar.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rather M, Willayat M, Wani S, Munshi Z, Hussain S. A multiplex PCR for detection of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas
species isolated from foods of animal origin and human diarrhoeal samples. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1721-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Rather
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - M.M. Willayat
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - S.A. Wani
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - Z.H. Munshi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - S.A. Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen PL, Ko WC, Wu CJ. Complexity of β-lactamases among clinical Aeromonas isolates and its clinical implications. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 45:398-403. [PMID: 23031536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas species, aquatic Gram-negative bacilli, distributed globally and ubiquitously in the natural environment, may be implicated in a variety of human diseases. They can produce various β-lactamases which confer resistance to a broad spectrum of β-lactams, and therefore in vitro susceptibility testing must be used to guide antimicrobial therapy. However, conventional in vitro susceptibility tests may sometimes fail to detect these β-lactamases, and hence raise a therapeutic challenge. In this review article, two chromosomally mediated β-lactamases (i.e., AmpC β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases) and acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamases in aeromonads are reviewed, and the clinical implications of the complexity of β-lactamases are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Aeromonas spp. at a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5813-8. [PMID: 21968366 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00634-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing aeromonads have been increasingly reported in recent years, most of them were isolates from case reports or environmental isolates. To investigate the prevalence of ESBL producers among Aeromonas blood isolates and the genes encoding ESBLs, consecutive nonduplicate Aeromonas blood isolates collected at a medical center in southern Taiwan from March 2004 to December 2008 were studied. The ESBL phenotypes were examined by clavulanate combination disk test and the cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest. The presence of ESBL-encoding genes, including bla(TEM), bla(PER), bla(CTX-M), and bla(SHV) genes, was evaluated by PCR and sequence analysis. The results showed that 4 (2.6%) of 156 Aeromonas blood isolates, 1 Aeromonas hydrophila isolate and 3 Aeromonas caviae isolates, expressed an ESBL-producing phenotype. The ESBL gene in two A. caviae isolates was bla(PER-3), which was located in both chromosomes and plasmids, as demonstrated by Southern hybridization. Of four patients with ESBL-producing Aeromonas bacteremia, two presented with catheter-related phlebitis and the other two with primary bacteremia. Three patients had been treated with initial noncarbapenem β-lactams for 5 to 10 days, and all survived. In conclusion, ESBL producers exist among Aeromonas blood isolates, and clinical suspicion of ESBL production should be raised in treating infections due to cefotaxime-resistant Aeromonas isolates.
Collapse
|
9
|
Issa N, Napolitano LM. AeromonasPneumonia in a Trauma Patient Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 12:241-5. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2010.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Issa
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lena M. Napolitano
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Osteomyelitis associated to CTX-M-15-producing Aeromonas hydrophila: first description in the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:420-2. [PMID: 21546197 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, the genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of significant changes of practical importance to clinical microbiologists and scientists alike. In parallel with the molecular revolution in microbiology, several new species have been identified on a phylogenetic basis, and the genome of the type species, A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, has been sequenced. In addition to established disease associations, Aeromonas has been shown to be a significant cause of infections associated with natural disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes) and has been linked to emerging or new illnesses, including near-drowning events, prostatitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite these achievements, issues still remain regarding the role that Aeromonas plays in bacterial gastroenteritis, the extent to which species identification should be attempted in the clinical laboratory, and laboratory reporting of test results from contaminated body sites containing aeromonads. This article provides an extensive review of these topics, in addition to others, such as taxonomic issues, microbial pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance markers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Andrade BB, Reis-Filho A, Souza-Neto SM, Clarêncio J, Camargo LMA, Barral A, Barral-Netto M. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance. Malar J 2010; 9:13. [PMID: 20070895 PMCID: PMC2837053 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite clinical descriptions of severe vivax malaria cases having been reported, data regarding immunological and inflammatory patterns are scarce. In this report, the inflammatory and immunological status of both mild and severe vivax malaria cases are compared in order to explore immunopathological events in this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Active and passive malaria case detections were performed during 2007 in Buritis, Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 219 participants enrolled the study. Study individuals were classified according to the presence of Plasmodium vivax infection within four groups: non-infected (n = 90), asymptomatic (n = 60), mild (n = 50) and severe vivax infection (n = 19). A diagnosis of malaria was made by microscopy and molecular assays. Since at present no clear criteria define severe vivax malaria, this study adapted the consensual criteria from falciparum malaria. Patients with severe P. vivax infection were younger, had lived for shorter time in the endemic area, and recalled having experienced less previous malaria episodes than individuals with no malaria infection and with mild or asymptomatic infection. Strong linear trends were identified regarding increasing plasma levels of C reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine, bilirubins and the graduation of disease severity. Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and also IFN-gamma/interleukin-10 ratios were increased and exhibited a linear trend with gradual augmentation of disease severity. Both laboratory parameters of organ dysfunction and inflammatory cytokines were reduced during anti-parasite therapy in those patients with severe disease. CONCLUSION Different clinical presentations of vivax malaria infection present strong association with activation of pro-inflammatory responses and cytokine imbalance. These findings are of utmost importance to improve current knowledge about physiopathological concepts of this serious widespread disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Andrade
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antonio Reis-Filho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sebastião M Souza-Neto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jorge Clarêncio
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis MA Camargo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade São Lucas, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stadlbauer V, Mookerjee RP, Wright GAK, Davies NA, Jürgens G, Hallström S, Jalan R. Role of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G15-22. [PMID: 19033535 PMCID: PMC2636930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90512.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis is associated with endotoxemia and an increased incidence of infection, but the mechanism is unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like-receptors (TLR)2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were incubated with alcoholic hepatitis patients' plasma (n = 12) with and without TLR2, 4, or 9 antagonists and with and without human albumin. TLR2, 4, and 9 expression, neutrophil oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and CXCR1+2 expression were measured by FACS analysis. Patients' plasma increased oxidative burst, decreased CXCR1+2 expression, and decreased phagocytosis of normal neutrophils in association with increased expression of TLR2, 4, and 9 and depletion of ATP. Inhibition of TLR2, 4, and 9 prevented the increase in oxidative burst and the decrease in CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression but did not prevent phagocytic dysfunction. Incubation with albumin completely prevented the patient plasma induced neutrophil dysfunction. Increased expression of TLR2, 4, and 9 is associated with neutrophil dysfunction, endotoxemia, and energy depletion. TLR2, 4, and 9 inhibition does not improve phagocytosis, indicating that TLR overexpression may be the result and not the cause of neutrophil activation. Albumin, an endotoxin scavenger, prevents the deleterious effect of patients' plasma on neutrophil phagocytosis, resting burst, and TLR expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Stadlbauer
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R. P. Mookerjee
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G. A. K. Wright
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N. A. Davies
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G. Jürgens
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S. Hallström
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R. Jalan
- Institute of Hepatology, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dumont N, Bouchard P, Frenette J. Neutrophil-induced skeletal muscle damage: a calculated and controlled response following hindlimb unloading and reloading. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R1831-8. [PMID: 18784335 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90318.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils phagocyte necrotic debris and release cytokines, enzymes, and oxidative factors. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of neutrophils to muscle injury, dysfunction, and recovery using an unloading and reloading model. Mice were submitted to 10 days of hindlimb unloading and were transiently depleted in neutrophils with anti-Ly6G/Ly6C antibody prior to reloading. Leukocyte accumulation and muscle function were assessed immunohistologically and functionally in vitro. In addition, soleus muscles submitted to unloading and reloading were incubated in vitro with LPS (100 microg/ml) to determine whether exogenous stimulus would activate neutrophil response and produce extensive muscle damage. Contractile properties were recorded every hour for 6 h, and muscles were subsequently incubated in procion orange to assess muscle damage. Neutrophil depletion affected neither the loss in muscle force nor the time of recovery in atrophied and reloaded soleus muscles. However, atrophied and reloaded soleus muscles that contained high concentration of neutrophils experienced a 20% greater loss in force than atrophied and reloaded soleus muscles depleted in neutrophils following in vitro incubation with LPS. Procion orange dye also confirmed that neutrophils induced a 2.5-fold increase in muscle membrane damage in the presence of LPS. These results show that neutrophil infiltration during modified mechanical loading is highly regulated and efficiently eliminated, with no significant muscle fiber injury unless the activation state of neutrophils is modified by the presence of LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, T-R-93, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|