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Gallego I, Narwani A. Ecology and evolution of competitive trait variation in natural phytoplankton communities under selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2397-2409. [PMID: 36166001 PMCID: PMC9828480 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Competition for limited resources is a major force in structuring ecological communities. Species minimum resource requirements (R*s) can predict competitive outcomes and evolve under selection in simple communities under controlled conditions. However, whether R*s predict competitive outcomes or demonstrate adaptive evolution in naturally complex communities is unknown. We subjected natural phytoplankton communities to three types of resource limitation (nitrogen, phosphorus, light) in outdoor mesocosms over 10 weeks. We examined the community composition weekly and isolated 21 phytoplankton strains from seven species to quantify responses to the selection of R* for these resources. We investigated the evolutionary change in R*s in the dominant species, Desmodesmus armatus. R*s were good predictors of species changes in relative abundance, though this was largely driven by the success of D. armatus across several treatments. This species also demonstrated an evolutionary change in R*s under resource limitation, supporting the potential for adaptive trait change to modify competitive outcomes in natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gallego
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)DübendorfSwitzerland
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2
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Schreiber SJ. Temporally auto-correlated predator attacks structure ecological communities. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220150. [PMID: 35857890 PMCID: PMC9256083 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For species primarily regulated by a common predator, the P* rule of Holt & Lawton (Holt & Lawton, 1993. Am. Nat.142, 623-645. (doi:10.1086/285561)) predicts that the prey species that supports the highest mean predator density (P*) excludes the other prey species. This prediction is re-examined in the presence of temporal fluctuations in the vital rates of the interacting species including predator attack rates. When the fluctuations in predator attack rates are temporally uncorrelated, the P* rule still holds even when the other vital rates are temporally auto-correlated. However, when temporal auto-correlations in attack rates are positive but not too strong, the prey species can coexist due to the emergence of a positive covariance between predator density and prey vulnerability. This coexistence mechanism is similar to the storage effect for species regulated by a common resource. Negative or strongly positive auto-correlations in attack rates generate a negative covariance between predator density and prey vulnerability and a stochastic priority effect can emerge: with non-zero probability either prey species is excluded. These results highlight how temporally auto-correlated species' interaction rates impact the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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3
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Hawlena H, Garrido M, Cohen C, Halle S, Cohen S. Bringing the Mechanistic Approach Back to Life: A Systematic Review of the Experimental Evidence for Coexistence and Four of Its Classical Mechanisms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.898074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coexistence theories develop rapidly at the ecology forefront suffering from interdisciplinary gaps and a lack of universality. The modern coexistence theory (MCT) was developed to address these deficiencies by formulating the universal conditions for coexistence. However, despite this theory's mechanistic foundation, initially, it has only rarely been used to determine the exact mechanisms that govern the competitive outcome. Recent theoretical developments have made MCT more accessible to experimentalists, but they can be challenging in practice. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of species co-occurrence patterns in nature can be reached by complementing the phenomenological approach with both the mechanistic view of MCT and coexistence experiments of the type that prevailed from the 1970s to the 2010s, which focused on specific mechanisms (designated the “mechanistic approach”). As a first step in this direction, we conducted a systematic review of the literature from 1967 to 2020, covering mechanistic experiments for invasibility—the criterion for species coexistence—and the best-studied classical coexistence mechanisms, namely, resource-ratio, natural enemy partitioning, frequency-dependent exploitation by generalist enemies, and the storage effect. The goals of the review were to evaluate (i) the percentage of the abovementioned mechanistic experiments that satisfy the theoretical criteria (designated “eligible studies”), (ii) the scope of these eligible studies, and (iii) their level of support for the theoretical predictions, and to identify their (iv) overarching implications and (v) research gaps. Through examination of 2,510 publications, the review reveals that almost 50 years after the theoretical formulations of the above four coexistence mechanisms, we still lack sufficient evidence to reveal the prevalence of coexistence and of each of the coexistence mechanisms, and to assess the dependency of the mechanisms on the natural history of the competing organisms. By highlighting, on the one hand, the overarching implications of the mechanistic approach to coexistence, and on the other hand, current research gaps, and by offering ways to bridge these gaps in the future, we seek to bring the mechanistic approach back to life.
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Hawlena H. Coexistence research requires more interdisciplinary communication. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8914. [PMID: 35592068 PMCID: PMC9101577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coexistence theories develop rapidly at the ecology forefront, outpacing their experimental testing. I discuss the reasons for this gap, call on interdisciplinary researchers to construct a road map for coexistence research, and recommend the actions that should be implemented therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Hawlena
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Midreshet Ben‐Gurion Israel
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5
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Hening A, Nguyen DH, Schreiber SJ. A classification of the dynamics of three-dimensional stochastic ecological systems. ANN APPL PROBAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1214/21-aap1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Coexistence holes characterize the assembly and disassembly of multispecies systems. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1091-1101. [PMID: 34045718 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of ecological research has been to understand the limits on the maximum number of species that can coexist under given constraints. However, we know little about the assembly and disassembly processes under which a community can reach such a maximum number, or whether this number is in fact attainable in practice. This limitation is partly due to the challenge of performing experimental work and partly due to the lack of a formalism under which one can systematically study such processes. Here, we introduce a formalism based on algebraic topology and homology theory to study the space of species coexistence formed by a given pool of species. We show that this space is characterized by ubiquitous discontinuities that we call coexistence holes (that is, empty spaces surrounded by filled space). Using theoretical and experimental systems, we provide direct evidence showing that these coexistence holes do not occur arbitrarily-their diversity is constrained by the internal structure of species interactions and their frequency can be explained by the external factors acting on these systems. Our work suggests that the assembly and disassembly of ecological systems is a discontinuous process that tends to obey regularities.
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7
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Kruk C, Piccini C, Devercelli M, Nogueira L, Accattatis V, Sampognaro L, Segura AM. A trait‐based approach predicting community assembly and dominance of microbial invasive species. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kruk
- Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias UdelaR Uruguay
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, CURE UdelaR Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Depto de Microbiología, Inst. de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Lía Sampognaro
- Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, CURE UdelaR Uruguay
- Modelación y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, CURE UdelaR Uruguay
| | - Angel M. Segura
- Modelación y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, CURE UdelaR Uruguay
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8
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Schreiber SJ, Křivan V. Holt (1977) and apparent competition. Theor Popul Biol 2020; 133:17-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Paczesniak D, Klappert K, Kopp K, Neiman M, Seppälä K, Lively CM, Jokela J. Parasite resistance predicts fitness better than fecundity in a natural population of the freshwater snail
Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Evolution 2019; 73:1634-1646. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Paczesniak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Global Institute for Food Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada
| | - Kirsten Klappert
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Kopp
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Velux Stiftung Zürich Switzerland
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa 52245
| | - Katri Seppälä
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Curtis M. Lively
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH‐Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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10
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Lewington‐Pearce L, Narwani A, Thomas MK, Kremer CT, Vogler H, Kratina P. Temperature‐dependence of minimum resource requirements alters competitive hierarchies in phytoplankton. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lewington‐Pearce
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary Univ. of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Anita Narwani
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Mridul K. Thomas
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical Univ. of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Colin T. Kremer
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Univ New Haven CT USA
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ Hickory Corners MI USA
| | - Helena Vogler
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary Univ. of London London E1 4NS UK
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11
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Schreiber SJ, Patel S, terHorst C. Evolution as a Coexistence Mechanism: Does Genetic Architecture Matter? Am Nat 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/695832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Ji X, Verspagen JMH, Stomp M, Huisman J. Competition between cyanobacteria and green algae at low versus elevated CO2: who will win, and why? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3815-3828. [PMID: 28207058 PMCID: PMC5853874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, it has often been hypothesized that cyanobacteria are superior competitors at low CO2 and high pH in comparison with eukaryotic algae, owing to their effective CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). However, recent work indicates that green algae can also have a sophisticated CCM tuned to low CO2 levels. Conversely, cyanobacteria with the high-flux bicarbonate uptake system BicA appear well adapted to high inorganic carbon concentrations. To investigate these ideas we studied competition between three species of green algae and a bicA strain of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa at low (100 ppm) and high (2000 ppm) CO2. Two of the green algae were competitively superior to the cyanobacterium at low CO2, whereas the cyanobacterium increased its competitive ability with respect to the green algae at high CO2. The experiments were supported by a resource competition model linking the population dynamics of the phytoplankton species with dynamic changes in carbon speciation, pH and light. Our results show (i) that competition between phytoplankton species at different CO2 levels can be predicted from species traits in monoculture, (ii) that green algae can be strong competitors under CO2-depleted conditions, and (iii) that bloom-forming cyanobacteria with high-flux bicarbonate uptake systems will benefit from elevated CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M H Verspagen
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Friedman J, Gore J. Ecological systems biology: The dynamics of interacting populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Pedruski MT, Fussmann GF, Gonzalez A. Predicting the outcome of competition when fitness inequality is variable. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150274. [PMID: 26361557 PMCID: PMC4555862 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional niche theory predicts that when species compete for one limiting resource in simple ecological settings the more fit competitor should exclude the less fit competitor. Since the advent of neutral theory ecologists have increasingly become interested both in how the magnitude of fitness inequality between competitors and stochasticity may affect this prediction. We used numerical simulations to investigate the outcome of two-species resource competition along gradients of fitness inequality (inequality in R*) and initial population size in the presence of demographic stochasticity. We found that the deterministic prediction of more fit competitors excluding less fit competitors was often unobserved when fitness inequalities were low or stochasticity was strong, and unexpected outcomes such as dominance by the less fit competitor, long-term co-persistence of both competitors or the extinction of both competitors could be common. By examining the interaction between fitness inequality and stochasticity our results mark the range of parameter space in which the predictions of niche theory break down most severely, and suggest that questions about whether competitive dynamics are driven by neutral or niche processes may be locally contingent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Pedruski
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
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15
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Haegeman B, Loreau M. A Graphical-Mechanistic Approach to Spatial Resource Competition. Am Nat 2015; 185:E1-13. [DOI: 10.1086/679066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Low-Décarie E, Fussmann GF, Bell G. Aquatic primary production in a high-CO2 world. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:223-32. [PMID: 24631287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide a review of the direct effect of increasing CO2 on aquatic primary producers through its function as a source of carbon, focusing our analysis on the interpretation of this increase as an increase in the availability of a resource. This provides an interesting context to evaluate ecological and evolutionary theories relating to nutrient availability and leads us to: the assessment of theories about limitation of productivity and the integration of CO2 into the co-limitation paradigm; the prediction of community composition and of change in communities from known changes in the environment; and evaluation of the potential for evolutionary adaptation in conditions that increase growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Low-Décarie
- McGill University, Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- McGill University, Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Graham Bell
- McGill University, Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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17
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Isobe K, Ohte N. Ecological perspectives on microbes involved in N-cycling. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:4-16. [PMID: 24621510 PMCID: PMC4041230 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) cycles have been directly linked to the functional stability of ecosystems because N is an essential element for life. Furthermore, the supply of N to organisms regulates primary productivity in many natural ecosystems. Microbial communities have been shown to significantly contribute to N cycles because many N-cycling processes are microbially mediated. Only particular groups of microbes were implicated in N-cycling processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, until a few decades ago. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and sophisticated isolation techniques have enabled microbiologists to discover that N-cycling microbes are unexpectedly diverse in their functions and phylogenies. Therefore, elucidating the link between biogeochemical N-cycling processes and microbial community dynamics can provide a more mechanistic understanding of N cycles than the direct observation of N dynamics. In this review, we summarized recent findings that characterized the microbes governing novel N-cycling processes. We also discussed the ecological role of N-cycling microbial community dynamics, which is essential for advancing our understanding of the functional stability of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Isobe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Ohte
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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18
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Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Ecological significance and complexity of N-source preference in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:957-63. [PMID: 23884397 PMCID: PMC3783226 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants can utilize two major forms of inorganic N: NO3(-) (nitrate) and NH4(+) (ammonium). In some cases, the preference of one form over another (denoted as β) can appear to be quite pronounced for a plant species, and can be an important determinant and predictor of its distribution and interactions with other species. In many other cases, however, assignment of preference is not so straightforward and must take into account a wide array of complex physiological and environmental features, which interact in ways that are still not well understood. SCOPE This Viewpoint presents a discussion of the key, and often co-occurring, factors that join to produce the complex phenotypic composite referred to by the deceptively simple term 'N-source preference'. CONCLUSIONS N-source preference is much more complex a biological phenomenon than is often assumed, and general models predicting how it will influence ecological processes will need to be much more sophisticated than those that have been so far developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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19
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Goldstein LJ, Suding KN. Applying competition theory to invasion: resource impacts indicate invasion mechanisms in California shrublands. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Bever JD, Platt TG, Morton ER. Microbial population and community dynamics on plant roots and their feedbacks on plant communities. Annu Rev Microbiol 2012; 66:265-83. [PMID: 22726216 PMCID: PMC3525954 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the soil microbial community can be altered dramatically due to association with individual plant species, and these effects on the microbial community can have important feedbacks on plant ecology. Negative plant-soil feedback plays primary roles in maintaining plant community diversity, whereas positive plant-soil feedback may cause community conversion. Host-specific differentiation of the microbial community results from the trade-offs associated with overcoming plant defense and the specific benefits associated with plant rewards. Accumulation of host-specific pathogens likely generates negative feedback on the plant, while changes in the density of microbial mutualists likely generate positive feedback. However, the competitive dynamics among microbes depends on the multidimensional costs of virulence and mutualism, the fine-scale spatial structure within plant roots, and active plant allocation and localized defense. Because of this, incorporating a full view of microbial dynamics is essential to explaining the dynamics of plant-soil feedbacks and therefore plant community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Thomas G. Platt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Elise R. Morton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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21
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Spijkerman E, de Castro F, Gaedke U. Independent colimitation for carbon dioxide and inorganic phosphorus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28219. [PMID: 22145031 PMCID: PMC3228739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous limitation of plant growth by two or more nutrients is increasingly acknowledged as a common phenomenon in nature, but its cellular mechanisms are far from understood. We investigated the uptake kinetics of CO(2) and phosphorus of the algae Chlamydomonas acidophila in response to growth at limiting conditions of CO(2) and phosphorus. In addition, we fitted the data to four different Monod-type models: one assuming Liebigs Law of the minimum, one assuming that the affinity for the uptake of one nutrient is not influenced by the supply of the other (independent colimitation) and two where the uptake affinity for one nutrient depends on the supply of the other (dependent colimitation). In addition we asked whether the physiological response under colimitation differs from that under single nutrient limitation.We found no negative correlation between the affinities for uptake of the two nutrients, thereby rejecting a dependent colimitation. Kinetic data were supported by a better model fit assuming independent uptake of colimiting nutrients than when assuming Liebigs Law of the minimum or a dependent colimitation. Results show that cell nutrient homeostasis regulated nutrient acquisition which resulted in a trade-off in the maximum uptake rates of CO(2) and phosphorus, possibly driven by space limitation on the cell membrane for porters for the different nutrients. Hence, the response to colimitation deviated from that to a single nutrient limitation. In conclusion, responses to single nutrient limitation cannot be extrapolated to situations where multiple nutrients are limiting, which calls for colimitation experiments and models to properly predict growth responses to a changing natural environment. These deviations from single nutrient limitation response under colimiting conditions and independent colimitation may also hold for other nutrients in algae and in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Spijkerman
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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22
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23
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Hülsmann S, Rinke K, Mooij WM. Size‐selective predation and predator‐induced life‐history shifts alter the outcome of competition between planktonic grazers. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hülsmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, 01062 Dresden, and Technische Universität Dresden, Neunzehnhain Ecological Station, Neunzehnhainer Str. 14, 09514 Lengefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Rinke
- Institute of Limnology, University of Konstanz, Mainaustr. 252, 78464 Konstanz, and UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, D‐39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf M. Mooij
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW), Rijksstraatweg 6, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
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24
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25
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The R* rule and energy flux in a plant–nutrient ecosystem. J Theor Biol 2009; 256:326-32. [PMID: 18977366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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