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Byrne AB, Bonnin FA, López EL, Polack FP, Talarico LB. C1q modulation of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection in human myeloid cell lines is dependent on cell type and antibody specificity. Microbes Infect 2024:105378. [PMID: 38880233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the mechanisms contributing to increased severity during heterotypic, secondary infection. The complement protein C1q has been shown to reduce the magnitude of ADE in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of C1q modulation of ADE, focusing on processes of viral entry. Using a model of ADE of DENV-1 infection in human myeloid cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies, 4G2 and 2H2, we found that C1q produced nearly a 40-fold reduction of ADE of DENV-1 in K562 cells, but had no effect in U937 cells. In K562 cells, C1q reduced adsorption of DENV-1/4G2 and exerted a dual inhibitory effect on adsorption and internalization of DENV-1/2H2. Distinct endocytic pathways in the presence of antibody corresponded to conditions where C1q produced a differential action. Also, C1q did not affect the intrinsic cell response mediated by FcγR in human myeloid cells. The modulation of ADE of DENV-1 by C1q is dependent on the FcγR expressed on immune cells and the specificity of the antibody comprising the immune complex. Understanding protective and pathogenic mechanisms in the humoral response to DENV infections is crucial for the successful design of antivirals and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Fundación INFANT, Gavilán 94, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Florencia A Bonnin
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Eduardo L López
- Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | | | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Fundación INFANT, Gavilán 94, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
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Napit R, Ngono AE, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Pradhan A, Khadka B, Shrestha S, Droit L, Paredes A, Karki L, Khatiwada R, Tamang M, Chalise BS, Rawal M, Jha B, Wang D, Handley SA, Shresta S, Manandhar KD. Dengue Virus Surveillance in Nepal Yields the First On-Site Whole Genome Sequences of Isolates from the 2022 Outbreak. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.597008. [PMID: 38895410 PMCID: PMC11185532 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.597008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background The 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) can each cause potentially deadly dengue disease, and are spreading globally from tropical and subtropical areas to more temperate ones. Nepal provides a microcosm of this global phenomenon, having met each of these grim benchmarks. To better understand DENV transmission dynamics and spread into new areas, we chose to study dengue in Nepal and, in so doing, to build the onsite infrastructure needed to manage future, larger studies. Methods and Results During the 2022 dengue season, we enrolled 384 patients presenting at a hospital in Kathmandu with dengue-like symptoms; 79% of the study participants had active or recent DENV infection (NS1 antigen and IgM). To identify circulating serotypes, we screened serum from 50 of the NS1 + participants by RT-PCR and identified DENV1, 2, and 3 - with DENV1 and 3 codominant. We also performed whole-genome sequencing of DENV, for the first time in Nepal, using our new on-site capacity. Sequencing analysis demonstrated the DENV1 and 3 genomes clustered with sequences reported from India in 2019, and the DENV2 genome clustered with a sequence reported from China in 2018. Conclusion These findings highlight DENV's geographic expansion from neighboring countries, identify China and India as the likely origin of the 2022 DENV cases in Nepal, and demonstrate the feasibility of building onsite capacity for more rapid genomic surveillance of circulating DENV. These ongoing efforts promise to protect populations in Nepal and beyond by informing the development and deployment of DENV drugs and vaccines in real time.
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Amorim MT, Naveca FG, Hernández LHA, da Paz TYB, da Silva de Oliveira CC, da Conceição Miranda Santos A, Queiroz ALN, Wanzeller ALM, da Silva EVP, da Silva FS, da Silva SP, Nunes BTD, Cruz ACR. Detection of a Multiple Circulation Event of Dengue Virus 2 Strains in the Northern Region of Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:17. [PMID: 38251214 PMCID: PMC10818346 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) is responsible for dengue epidemics on a global scale and is associated with severe cases of the disease. This study conducted a phylogenetic investigation of DENV-2 isolates from 2017 to 2021 originating from the northern states of Brazil. A total of 32 samples from DENV-2 isolates were analyzed, including 12 from Acre, 19 from Roraima, and one from Tocantins. Only one lineage of the Asian-American genotype and one lineage of the cosmopolitan genotype were observed: Lineage 1, Asian-American genotype (connection to Puerto Rico); Lineage 5, cosmopolitan genotype (connection to Peru). Our results provide important data regarding the study of DENV genotypes and lineage distribution and open up possibilities for probable introduction and dissemination routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Tavares Amorim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Ecology in Amazon, Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute, Fiocruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil;
- Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Virus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Thito Yan Bezerra da Paz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | | | - Alessandra da Conceição Miranda Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Alice Louize Nunes Queiroz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Ana Lucia Monteiro Wanzeller
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (A.d.C.M.S.); (A.L.N.Q.); (A.L.M.W.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (B.T.D.N.)
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Kakde U, Khatib MN. Neurological Complications in Dengue Among Males of the Adult Age Group. Cureus 2024; 16:e51586. [PMID: 38313931 PMCID: PMC10835196 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological problems are more frequently linked to dengue, a mosquito-transmitted virus common in tropical areas. This review study thoroughly examines the effects of dengue on adult males' neurological systems. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) can develop in severe cases of dengue fever caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Unsettlingly, it is thought that a sizable portion of DENV infections impact the central nervous system (CNS), which calls into question the former theory that the DENV is not neurotropic. This review dissects the many neurological manifestations of dengue, spanning from encephalopathy, encephalitis, and other CNS implications to peripheral neuromuscular issues, through the systematic analysis of publications gathered from PubMed. The essay emphasizes the immunological reactions brought on by DENV infections and offers a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology. Given that they exhibit similar first symptoms, Zika and chikungunya are two more illnesses that must be distinguished from dengue. The mainstay of current diagnostic methods is serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, although supportive care is still used. This review highlights the importance of tracking neurological symptoms in dengue patients and encourages more studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kakde
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Research and Higher Education, Wardha, IND
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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de Souza UJB, Macedo YDSM, dos Santos RN, Cardoso FDP, Galvão JD, Gabev EE, Franco AC, Roehe PM, Spilki FR, Campos FS. Circulation of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V and Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Genotype III in Tocantins State, Northern Brazil, 2021-2022. Viruses 2023; 15:2136. [PMID: 38005815 PMCID: PMC10674946 DOI: 10.3390/v15112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the state of Tocantins, located in north-central Brazil, has experienced a significant number of cases of arboviral disease, particularly Dengue virus (DENV). This study aimed to deepen the knowledge on DENV circulation within that state by conducting full genome sequencing of viral genomes recovered from 61 patients between June 2021 and July 2022. There were a total of 8807 and 20,692 cases in 2021 and 2022, respectively, as reported by the state's Secretary of Health. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the circulation of DENV serotype 1, genotype V and DENV serotype 2, genotype III in the State. Younger age groups (4 to 43 years old) were mostly affected; however, no significant differences were detected regarding the gender distribution of cases in humans. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the circulating viruses belong to DENV-1 genotype V American and DENV-2 genotype III Southeast Asian/American. The Bayesian analysis of DENV-1 genotype V genomes sequenced here are closely related to genomes previously sequenced in the state of São Paulo. Regarding the DENV-2 genotype III genomes, these clustered in a distinct, well-supported subclade, along with previously reported isolates from the states of Goiás and São Paulo. The findings reported here suggest that multiple introductions of these genotypes occurred in the Tocantins state. This observation highlights the importance of major population centers in Brazil on virus dispersion, such as those observed in other Latin American and North American countries. In the SNP analysis, DENV-1 displayed 122 distinct missense mutations, while DENV-2 had 44, with significant mutations predominantly occurring in the envelope and NS5 proteins. The analyses performed here highlight the concomitant circulation of distinct DENV-1 and -2 genotypes in some Brazilian states, underscoring the dynamic evolution of DENV and the relevance of surveillance efforts in supporting public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueric José Borges de Souza
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil; (Y.d.S.M.M.); (R.N.d.S.)
| | - Ygor da Silva Miranda Macedo
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil; (Y.d.S.M.M.); (R.N.d.S.)
| | - Raíssa Nunes dos Santos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil; (Y.d.S.M.M.); (R.N.d.S.)
| | | | - Jucimária Dantas Galvão
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Tocantins, Palmas 77054-970, Brazil; (F.D.P.C.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Evgeni Evgeniev Gabev
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
| | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil; (Y.d.S.M.M.); (R.N.d.S.)
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (A.C.F.); (P.M.R.)
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Serum biomarkers and anti-flavivirus antibodies at presentation as indicators of severe dengue. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010750. [PMID: 36848385 PMCID: PMC9997924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease worldwide. Most cases are mild, but some evolve into severe dengue (SD), with high lethality. Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers of severe disease to improve outcomes and judiciously utilize resources. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS One hundred forty-five confirmed dengue cases (median age, 42; range <1-91 years), enrolled from February 2018 to March 2020, were selected from an ongoing study of suspected arboviral infections in metropolitan Asunción, Paraguay. Cases included dengue virus types 1, 2, and 4, and severity was categorized according to the 2009 World Health Organization guidelines. Testing for anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG and serum biomarkers (lipopolysaccharide binding protein and chymase) was performed on acute-phase sera in plate-based ELISAs; in addition, a multiplex ELISA platform was used to measure anti-dengue virus and anti-Zika virus IgM and IgG. Complete blood counts and chemistries were performed at the discretion of the care team. Age, gender, and pre-existing comorbidities were associated with SD vs. dengue with/without warning signs in logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.07 (per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.11), 0.20 (female; 0.05,0.77), and 2.09 (presence; 1.26, 3.48) respectively. In binary logistic regression, for every unit increase in anti-DENV IgG in the multiplex platform, odds of SD increased by 2.54 (1.19-5.42). Platelet count, lymphocyte percent, and elevated chymase were associated with SD in a combined logistic regression model with ORs of 0.99 (1,000/μL; 0.98,0.999), 0.92 (%; 0.86,0.98), and 1.17 (mg/mL; 1.03,1.33) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Multiple, readily available factors were associated with SD in this population. These findings will aid in the early detection of potentially severe dengue cases and inform the development of new prognostics for use in acute-phase and serial samples from dengue cases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the neurological complications of dengue virus (DENV) infection and their pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Include recognition of the four different serotypes of DENV and their epidemiology as well as recognition of the expanded dengue syndrome encompassing multisystem involvement in the severe form of the disease including involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). DENV is a neurotropic virus with the ability to infect the supporting cells of the CNS. Neural injury during the acute stage of the infection results from direct neuro-invasion and/or the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement, resulting in plasma leakage and coagulopathy. Immune mechanisms have been implicated in the development of the delayed neurological sequelae through molecular mimicry. A myriad of neurological syndromes has been described as a result of the involvement of the CNS, the peripheral nervous system (PNS), or both. Neurological manifestations in DENV infection are increasingly being recognized, some of which are potentially fatal if not treated promptly. DENV encephalopathy and encephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other acute febrile encephalopathies, autoimmune encephalitides, and in cases of encephalopathy/encephalitis related to SARS-CoV2 infection, especially in dengue-endemic areas. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) may be occasionally encountered. Clinicians should be knowledgeable of the expanded dengue syndrome characterized by the concurrent compromise of cardiac, neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematopopoietic systems. Isolated cranial nerve palsies occur rather uncommonly and are often steroid responsive. These neuropathies may result from the direct involvement of cranial nerve nuclei or nerve involvement or may be immune-mediated. Even if the diagnosis of dengue is confirmed, it is absolutely imperative to exclude other well-known causes of isolated cranial nerve palsies. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes may occur following dengue fever. The pathogenesis may be beyond the commonly observed thrombocytopenia and include cerebral vasculitis. Involvement of ocular blood vessels may cause maculopathy or retinal hemorrhages. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is uncommon and possibly related to dysregulated cytokine release phenomena. Lastly, any patient developing acute neuromuscular weakness during the course or within a fortnight of remission from dengue fever must be screened for acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), hypokalemic paralysis, or acute myositis. Rarely, a Miller-Fisher-like syndrome with negative anti-GQ1b antibody may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Trivedi
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Ambar Chakravarty
- Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata, India.
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Meshrif WS, El-Kholy SE, El-Husseiny IM, Dawood R, El-Azm ARA, Salem ML. Reduced fitness of the mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) after feeding on a blood meal with hepatitis C virus. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107719. [PMID: 35085584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Evolution and epidemiologic dynamics of dengue virus in Nicaragua during the emergence of chikungunya and Zika viruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 92:104680. [PMID: 33326875 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) comprise a significant and ongoing threat to human health, infecting hundreds of millions annually. Three such arboviruses include circumtropical dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, exhibiting continuous emergence primarily via Aedes mosquito vectors. Nicaragua has experienced endemic dengue virus (DENV) transmission involving multiple serotypes since 1985, with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) reported in 2014-2015, followed by Zika virus (ZIKV) first reported in 2016. In order to identify patterns of genetic variation and selection pressures shaping the evolution of co-circulating DENV serotypes in light of the arrival of CHIKV and ZIKV, we employed whole-genome sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform of random-amplified total RNA libraries to characterize 42 DENV low-passage isolates, derived from viremic patients in Nicaragua between 2013 and 2016. Our approach also revealed clinically undetected co-infections with CHIKV. Of the three DENV serotypes (1, 2, and 3) co-circulating during our study, we uncovered distinct patterns of evolution using comparative phylogenetic inference. DENV-1 genetic variation was structured into two distinct co-circulating lineages with no evidence of positive selection in the origins of either lineage, suggesting they are equally fit. In contrast, the evolutionary history of DENV-2 was marked by positive selection, and a unique, divergent lineage correlated with high epidemic potential emerged in 2015 to drive an outbreak in 2016. DENV-3 genetic variation remained unstructured into lineages throughout the period of study. Thus, this study reveals insights into evolutionary and epidemiologic trends exhibited during the circulation of multiple arboviruses in Nicaragua.
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Murri S, Madrières S, Tatard C, Piry S, Benoit L, Loiseau A, Pradel J, Artige E, Audiot P, Leménager N, Lacôte S, Vulin J, Charbonnel N, Marianneau P, Castel G. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Puumala Orthohantavirus S-Segment in Areas of France Non-Endemic for Nephropathia Epidemica. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090721. [PMID: 32882953 PMCID: PMC7559001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) in Europe causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The incidence of NE is highly heterogeneous spatially, whereas the geographic distribution of the wild reservoir of PUUV, the bank vole, is essentially homogeneous. Our understanding of the processes driving this heterogeneity remains incomplete due to gaps in knowledge. Little is known about the current distribution and genetic variation of PUUV in the areas outside the well-identified zones of NE endemicity. We trapped bank voles in four forests in French regions in which NE is considered non-endemic, but sporadic NE cases have been reported recently. We tested bank voles for anti-PUUV IgG and characterized the S segment sequences of PUUV from seropositive animals. Phylogenetic analyses revealed specific amino-acid signatures and genetic differences between PUUV circulating in non-endemic and nearby NE-endemic areas. We also showed, in temporal surveys, that the amino-acid sequences of PUUV had undergone fewer recent changes in areas non-endemic for NE than in endemic areas. The evolutionary history of the current French PUUV clusters was investigated by phylogeographic approaches, and the results were considered in the context of the history of French forests. Our findings highlight the need to monitor the circulation and genetics of PUUV in a larger array of bank vole populations, to improve our understanding of the risk of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Murri
- ANSES—Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, 69007 Lyon, France; (S.M.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (J.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Sarah Madrières
- ANSES—Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, 69007 Lyon, France; (S.M.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (J.V.); (P.M.)
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Caroline Tatard
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Sylvain Piry
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Laure Benoit
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Anne Loiseau
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Julien Pradel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Emmanuelle Artige
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Philippe Audiot
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Leménager
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Sandra Lacôte
- ANSES—Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, 69007 Lyon, France; (S.M.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (J.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Johann Vulin
- ANSES—Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, 69007 Lyon, France; (S.M.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (J.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Philippe Marianneau
- ANSES—Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, 69007 Lyon, France; (S.M.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (J.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Guillaume Castel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (C.T.); (S.P.); (L.B.); (A.L.); (J.P.); (E.A.); (P.A.); (N.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sasmal SK, Takeuchi Y, Nakaoka S. T-Cell mediated adaptive immunity and antibody-dependent enhancement in secondary dengue infection. J Theor Biol 2019; 470:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Jain R, Sontisirikit S, Iamsirithaworn S, Prendinger H. Prediction of dengue outbreaks based on disease surveillance, meteorological and socio-economic data. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:272. [PMID: 30898092 PMCID: PMC6427843 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this research is to create a system that can use the available relevant information about the factors responsible for the spread of dengue and; use it to predict the occurrence of dengue within a geographical region, so that public health experts can prepare for, manage and control the epidemic. Our study presents new geospatial insights into our understanding and management of health, disease and health-care systems. Methods We present a machine learning-based methodology capable of providing forecast estimates of dengue prediction in each of the fifty districts of Thailand by leveraging data from multiple data sources. Using a set of prediction variables, we show an increase in prediction accuracy of the model with an optimal combination of predictors which include: meteorological data, clinical data, lag variables of disease surveillance, socioeconomic data and the data encoding spatial dependence on dengue transmission. We use Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to fit the relationships between the predictors (with a lag of one month) and the clinical data of Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) using the data from 2008 to 2012. Using the data from 2013 to 2015 and a comparative set of prediction models, we evaluate the predictive ability of the fitted models according to RMSE and SRMSE as well as using adjusted R-squared value, deviance explained and change in AIC. Results The model allows for combining different predictors to make forecasts with a lead time of one month and also describe the statistical significance of the variables used to characterize the forecast. The discriminating ability of the final model was evaluated against Bangkok specific constant threshold and WHO moving threshold of the epidemic in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Conclusions The out-of-sample validation showed poorer results than the in-sample validation, however it demonstrated ability in detecting outbreaks up-to one month ahead. We also determine that for the predicting dengue outbreaks within a district, the influence of dengue incidences and socioeconomic data from the surrounding districts is statistically significant. This validates the influence of movement patterns of people and spatial heterogeneity of human activities on the spread of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sra Sontisirikit
- Asian Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Safdar A. Rare and Emerging Viral Infections in the Transplant Population. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7119999 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections account for a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases, and the agents included in this group consist of recently identified viruses as well as previously identified viruses with an apparent increase in disease incidence. In transplant recipients, this group can include viruses with no recognized pathogenicity in immunocompetent patients and those that result in atypical or more severe disease presentations in the immunocompromised host. In this chapter, we begin by discussing viral diagnostics and techniques used for viral discovery, specifically as they apply to emerging and rare infections in this patient population. Focus then shifts to specific emerging and re-emerging viruses in the transplant population, including human T-cell leukemia virus 1, rabies, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, human bocavirus, parvovirus 4, measles, mumps, orf, and dengue. We have also included a brief discussion on emerging viruses and virus families with few or no reported cases in transplant recipients: monkeypox, nipah and hendra, chikungunya and other alphaviruses, hantavirus and the Bunyaviridae, and filoviruses. Finally, concerns regarding infectious disease complications in xenotransplantation and the reporting of rare viral infections are addressed. With the marked increase in the number of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants performed worldwide, we expect a corresponding rise in the reports of emerging viral infections in transplant hosts, both from known viruses and those yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Safdar
- Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX USA
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Rodriguez-Manzano J, Chia PY, Yeo TW, Holmes A, Georgiou P, Yacoub S. Improving Dengue Diagnostics and Management Through Innovative Technology. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2018; 20:25. [PMID: 29882167 PMCID: PMC5992235 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-018-0633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dengue continues to be a major global public health threat. Symptomatic infections can cause a spectrum of disease ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe and potentially life-threatening manifestations. Management relies on supportive treatment with careful fluid replacement. The purpose of this review is to define the unmet needs and challenges in current dengue diagnostics and patient monitoring and outline potential novel technologies to address these needs. RECENT FINDINGS There have been recent advances in molecular and point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as well as technologies including wireless communication, low-power microelectronics, and wearable sensors that have opened up new possibilities for management, clinical monitoring, and real-time surveillance of dengue. Novel platforms utilizing innovative technologies for POC dengue diagnostics and wearable patient monitors have the potential to revolutionize dengue surveillance, outbreak response, and management at population and individual levels. Validation studies of these technologies are urgently required in dengue-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
- Centre for Bio-inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Po Ying Chia
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alison Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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15
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Sittivicharpinyo T, Wonnapinij P, Surat W. Phylogenetic analyses of DENV-3 isolated from field-caught mosquitoes in Thailand. Virus Res 2017; 244:27-35. [PMID: 29126872 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) can cause all forms of dengue diseases and is a predominant serotype in many countries. This serotype is classified into five genotypes: I-V. Genotypes I-III have widely spread throughout the world, whereas genotypes IV and V are rare. Despite the impact on the spread of dengue diseases, only a few studies have reported the characteristics of DENV present in mosquito vectors. Hence, this study aimed to identify DENV-3 genotypes and reveal genetic variation of this virus presented in field-caught mosquitoes collected from endemic areas in Thailand during 2011-2015. First, we examined the effectiveness of the E gene sequence on DENV-3 genotyping, with results supporting the use of this gene for genotype identification. Then, we sequenced this gene in ten DENV-3 strains isolated from mosquitoes. The results showed that eight and two samples were genotypes III and V, respectively, and that they are closely related to DENV-3 isolated from Southeast and East Asian samples. The translated E gene sequences showed 25 unique amino acid (AA) residues located at 23 positions. Eight out of 25 residues have different chemical properties compared to the conserved AAs that are distributed across the three domains functioning in virus-host interaction. Hence, our study reports the first DENV-3 genotype V in Thailand, with these viruses potentially influencing both the disease severity and epidemic potential of DENV-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikhumporn Sittivicharpinyo
- Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand; Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Thailand
| | - Wunrada Surat
- Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand; Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Thailand.
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17
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Malisheni M, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA, Takah N, Murewanhema G, Bates M. Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of a Live Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine (CYD-TDV) in Children: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:863. [PMID: 28824613 PMCID: PMC5543029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children living in Asia and Latin America. There is an urgent need for an effective and safe dengue vaccine to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population given the lack of dengue specific treatment at present. This review aims to determine the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of CYD-TDV vaccine in children. METHODS This is a systematic review including meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial data from Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies that assessed CYD-TDV vaccine efficacy [(1 - RR)*100], safety (RR), and immunogenicity (weighted mean difference) in children were included in this study. Random effects model was employed to analyze patient-level data extracted from primary studies. RESULTS The overall efficacy of CYD-TDV vaccine was 54% (40-64), while serotype-specific efficacy was 77% (66-85) for DENV4, 75% (65-82) for DENV3, 50% (36-61) for DENV1, and 34% (14-49) for DENV2. 15% (-174-74) vaccine efficacy was obtained for the unknown serotype. Meta-analysis of included studies with longer follow-up time (25 months) revealed that CYD-TDV vaccine significantly increased the risk of injection site reactions (RR = 1.1: 1.04-1.17; p-value = 0.001). Immunogenicity (expressed as geometric mean titers) in descending order was 439.7 (331.7-547.7), 323 (247 - 398.7), 144.1 (117.9-170.2), and 105 (88.7-122.8) for DENV3, DENV2, DENV1, and DENV4, respectively. CONCLUSION CYD-TDV vaccine is effective and immunogenic in children overall. Reduced efficacy of CYD-TDV vaccine against DENV2 notoriously known for causing severe dengue infection and dengue outbreaks cause for serious concern. Post hoc meta-analysis of long-term follow-up data (≥25 months) from children previously vaccinated with CYD-TDV vaccine is needed to make a conclusion regarding CYD-TDV vaccine safety in children. However, CYD-TDV vaccine should be considered for use in regions where DENV2 is not endemic as currently there is no specific treatment for dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moffat Malisheni
- Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Noah Takah
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Ministry of Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Grant Murewanhema
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Matthew Bates
- University College London Research & Training Programme, University of Zambia, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- HerpeZ, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
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Wan Sulaiman WA, Inche Mat LN, Hashim HZ, Hoo FK, Ching SM, Vasudevan R, Mohamed MH, Basri H. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in dengue viral infection. J Clin Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28625589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease affecting many countries worldwide. An RNA virus from the flaviviridae family, dengue has four antigenically distinct serotypes (DEN-1-DEN-4). Neurological involvement in dengue can be classified into dengue encephalopathy immune-mediated syndromes, encephalitis, neuromuscular or dengue muscle dysfunction and neuro-ophthalmic involvement. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated acute demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system following recent infection or vaccination. This monophasic illness is characterised by multifocal white matter involvement. Many dengue studies and case reports have linked ADEM with dengue virus infection but the association is still not clear. Therefore, this article is to review and discuss concerning ADEM in dengue as an immune-medicated neurological complication; and the management strategy required based on recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Liyana Najwa Inche Mat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnur Zaman Hashim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fan Kee Hoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Hazmi Mohamed
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hamidon Basri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Climate Change Influences Potential Distribution of Infected Aedes aegypti Co-Occurrence with Dengue Epidemics Risk Areas in Tanzania. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162649. [PMID: 27681327 PMCID: PMC5040426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is the second most important vector-borne disease of humans globally after malaria. Incidence of dengue infections has dramatically increased recently, potentially due to changing climate. Climate projections models predict increases in average annual temperature, precipitation and extreme events in the future. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of changing climate on distribution of dengue vectors in relation to epidemic risk areas in Tanzania. Methods/Findings We used ecological niche models that incorporated presence-only infected Aedes aegypti data co-occurrence with dengue virus to estimate potential distribution of epidemic risk areas. Model input data on infected Ae. aegypti was collected during the May to June 2014 epidemic in Dar es Salaam. Bioclimatic predictors for current and future projections were also used as model inputs. Model predictions indicated that habitat suitability for infected Ae. aegypti co-occurrence with dengue virus in current scenarios is highly localized in the coastal areas, including Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro, Tanga and Zanzibar. Models indicate that areas of Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and those around Lake Victoria are also at risk. Projecting to 2020, we show that risk emerges in Mara, Arusha, Kagera and Manyara regions, but disappears in parts of Morogoro, Ruvuma and near Lake Nyasa. In 2050 climate scenario, the predicted habitat suitability of infected Ae. aegypti co-occurrence with dengue shifted towards the central and north-eastern parts with intensification in areas around all major lakes. Generally, model findings indicated that the coastal regions would remain at high risk for dengue epidemic through 2050. Conclusion/Significance Models incorporating climate change scenarios to predict emerging risk areas for dengue epidemics in Tanzania show that the anticipated risk is immense and results help guiding public health policy decisions on surveillance and control of dengue epidemics. A collaborative approach is recommended to develop and adapt control and prevention strategies.
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20
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Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus. Rev Med Virol 2016; 27. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Andrade CC, Young KI, Johnson WL, Villa ME, Buraczyk CA, Messer WB, Hanley KA. Rise and fall of vector infectivity during sequential strain displacements by mosquito-borne dengue virus. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2205-2218. [PMID: 27500505 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Each of the four serotypes of mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV-1-4) comprises multiple, genetically distinct strains. Competitive displacement between strains within a serotype is a common feature of DENV epidemiology and can trigger outbreaks of dengue disease. We investigated the mechanisms underlying two sequential displacements by DENV-3 strains in Sri Lanka that each coincided with abrupt increases in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence. First, the post-DHF strain displaced the pre-DHF strain in the 1980s. We have previously shown that post-DHF is more infectious than pre-DHF for the major DENV vector, Aedes aegypti. Then, the ultra-DHF strain evolved in situ from post-DHF and displaced its ancestor in the 2000s. We predicted that ultra-DHF would be more infectious for Ae. aegypti than post-DHF but found that ultra-DHF infected a significantly lower percentage of mosquitoes than post-DHF. We therefore hypothesized that ultra-DHF had effected displacement by disseminating in Ae. aegypti more rapidly than post-DHF, but this was not borne out by a time course of mosquito infection. To elucidate the mechanisms that shape these virus-vector interactions, we tested the impact of RNA interference (RNAi), the principal mosquito defence against DENV, on replication of each of the three DENV strains. Replication of all strains was similar in mosquito cells with dysfunctional RNAi, but in cells with functional RNAi, replication of pre-DHF was significantly suppressed relative to the other two strains. Thus, differences in susceptibility to RNAi may account for the differences in mosquito infectivity between pre-DHF and post-DHF, but other mechanisms underlie the difference between post-DHF and ultra-DHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Andrade
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - K I Young
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - W L Johnson
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - M E Villa
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - C A Buraczyk
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - W B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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Barde PV, Shukla MK, Kori BK, Chand G, Jain L, Varun BM, Dutta D, Baruah K, Singh N. Emergence of dengue in tribal villages of Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:584-90. [PMID: 26139775 PMCID: PMC4510756 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.159517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Dengue (DEN) is a rapidly spreading arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Although it is endemic in India, dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been reported from tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh. Investigations were conducted to establish the aetiology of sudden upsurge of cases with febrile illness in June 2013 from tribal villages of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: The rapid response team of the National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, conducted clinical investigations and field surveys to collect the samples from suspected cases. Samples were tested using molecular and serological tools. Collected mosquitoes were identified and tested for the presence of virus using semi nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR). The sequences were analysed to identify serotype and genotype of the virus. Results: Of the 648 samples collected from 18 villages of Mandla, 321 (49.53%) were found to be positive for dengue. The nRT-PCR and sequencing confirmed the aetiology as dengue virus type 2. Eighteen per cent of patients needed hospitalization and five deaths were attributed to dengue. The virus was also detected from Aedes aegypti mosquito, which was incriminated as a vector. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dengue virus 2 detected belonged to cosmopolitan genotype of the virus. Interpretation & conclusions: Dengue virus serotype 2 was detected as the aetiological agent in the outbreak in tribal villages of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. Conducive man-made environment favouring mosquitogenic conditions and seeding of virus could be the probable reasons for this outbreak. Urgent attention is needed to control this new threat to tribal population, which is already overburdened with other vector borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neeru Singh
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (ICMR), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Breyta R, McKenney D, Tesfaye T, Ono K, Kurath G. Increasing virulence, but not infectivity, associated with serially emergent virus strains of a fish rhabdovirus. Virus Evol 2016; 2:vev018. [PMID: 27774291 PMCID: PMC4989874 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vev018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance and genetic typing of field isolates of a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), has identified four dominant viral genotypes that were involved in serial viral emergence and displacement events in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in western North America. To investigate drivers of these landscape-scale events, IHNV isolates designated 007, 111, 110, and 139, representing the four relevant genotypes, were compared for virulence and infectivity in controlled laboratory challenge studies in five relevant steelhead trout populations. Viral virulence was assessed as mortality using lethal dose estimates (LD50), survival kinetics, and proportional hazards analysis. A pattern of increasing virulence for isolates 007, 111, and 110 was consistent in all five host populations tested, and correlated with serial emergence and displacements in the virus-endemic lower Columbia River source region during 1980-2013. The fourth isolate, 139, did not have higher virulence than the previous isolate 110. However, the mG139M genotype displayed a conditional displacement phenotype in that it displaced type mG110M in coastal Washington, but not in the lower Columbia River region, indicating that factors other than evolution of higher viral virulence were involved in some displacement events. Viral infectivity, measured as infectious dose (ID50), did not correlate consistently with virulence or with viral emergence, and showed a narrow range of variation relative to the variation observed in virulence. Comparison among the five steelhead trout populations confirmed variation in resistance to IHNV, but correlations with previous history of virus exposure or with sites of viral emergence varied between IHNV source and sink regions. Overall, this study indicated increasing viral virulence over time as a potential driver for emergence and displacement events in the endemic Lower Columbia River source region where these IHNV genotypes originated, but not in adjacent sink regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Breyta
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115 and; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Doug McKenney
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115 and
| | - Tarin Tesfaye
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115 and
| | - Kotaro Ono
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115 and
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Santos JJDS, Magalhães T, Silva Junior JVJ, Silva ANMRD, Cordeiro MT, Gil LHVG. Full-length infectious clone of a low passage dengue virus serotype 2 from Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015. [PMID: 26200712 PMCID: PMC4569833 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-length dengue virus (DENV) cDNA clones are an invaluable tool for many studies,
including those on the development of attenuated or chimeric vaccines and on
host-virus interactions. Furthermore, the importance of low passage DENV infectious
clones should be highlighted, as these may harbour critical and unique
strain-specific viral components from field-circulating isolates. The successful
construction of a functional Brazilian low passage DENV serotype 2 full-length clone
through homologous recombination reported here supports the use of a strategy that
has been shown to be highly useful by our group for the development of flavivirus
infectious clones and replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson José da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, BR
| | - Tereza Magalhães
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, BR
| | | | | | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, BR
| | - Laura Helena Vega Gonzales Gil
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, BR
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Tang WW, Grewal R, Shresta S. Influence of antibodies and T cells on dengue disease outcome: insights from interferon receptor-deficient mouse models. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 13:61-6. [PMID: 26001278 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a globally important mosquito-borne virus that causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), affecting 3.6 billion people in 128 countries [1,2(•)]. There is an urgent need for a drug or vaccine against DENV, yet none are presently available. In fact, results from recent Phase IIb and III trials of an attenuated tetrameric vaccine revealed that the vaccine provided limited protection against DENV serotype 2 in DENV-immune people, and no protection against any serotype in naïve individuals [3-5], highlighting the difficulties associated with dengue vaccine development. A challenge in the development of a DENV vaccine is that a vaccine must protect against all four DENV serotypes, which co-circulate in endemic areas. Further complicating DENV vaccine development is that the correlates of protection are not fully defined, mechanisms regulating the generation of protective antibody and T cell responses against all four DENV serotypes are as yet to be deciphered, and the adaptive immune response may actually contribute to severe disease. Recent studies using the only available animal model of DHF/DSS in mice lacking one or more components of the interferon (IFN) system have begun to provide crucial insights into the protective versus pathogenic nature of both antibody and T cell responses to DENV. Herein, we highlight key studies using the IFN receptor-deficient mouse models toward understanding the contribution of antibodies and T cells in impacting the outcome of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Tang
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rajvir Grewal
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Carod-Artal FJ. Neurological manifestations of dengue viral infection. Res Rep Trop Med 2014; 5:95-104. [PMID: 32669894 PMCID: PMC7337162 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s55372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral infection worldwide. There is increased evidence for dengue virus neurotropism, and neurological manifestations could make part of the clinical picture of dengue virus infection in at least 0.5%–7.4% of symptomatic cases. Neurological complications have been classified into dengue virus encephalopathy, dengue virus encephalitis, immune-mediated syndromes (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, myelitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, neuritis brachialis, acute cerebellitis, and others), neuromuscular complications (hypokalemic paralysis, transient benign muscle dysfunction and myositis), and dengue-associated stroke. Common neuro-ophthalmic complications are maculopathy and retinal vasculopathy. Pathogenic mechanisms include systemic complications and metabolic disturbances resulting in encephalopathy, direct effect of the virus provoking encephalitis, and postinfectious immune mechanisms causing immune-mediated syndromes. Dengue viruses should be considered as a cause of neurological disorders in endemic regions. Standardized case definitions for specific neurological complications are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Carod-Artal
- Neurology Department, Raigmore hospital, Inverness, UK.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of expanding geographical range and increasing incidence. The vast majority of dengue cases are children less than 15 years of age. Dengue causes a spectrum of illness from mild fever to severe disease with plasma leakage and shock. Infants and children with secondary heterologous dengue infections are most at risk for severe dengue disease. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue can be established within five days of disease onset by direct detection of viral components in serum. After day five, serologic diagnosis provides indirect evidence of dengue. Currently, no effective antiviral agents are available to treat dengue infection. Therefore, treatment remains supportive, with emphasis on close hematological monitoring, recognition of warning signs of severe disease and fluid-replacement therapy and/or blood transfusions when required. Development of a dengue vaccine is considered a high public health priority. A safe and efficacious dengue vaccine would also be important for travelers. This review highlights the current understanding of dengue in children, including its clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic tests, management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions, causing hundreds of millions of infections each year. Infections range from asymptomatic to a self-limited febrile illness, dengue fever (DF), to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). The expanding of the habitat of DENV-transmitting mosquitoes has resulted in dramatic increases in the number of cases over the past 50 years, and recent outbreaks have occurred in the United States. Developing a dengue vaccine is a global health priority. DENV vaccine development is challenging due to the existence of four serotypes of the virus (DENV1-4), which a vaccine must protect against. Additionally, the adaptive immune response to DENV may be both protective and pathogenic upon subsequent infection, and the precise features of protective versus pathogenic immune responses to DENV are unknown, complicating vaccine development. Numerous vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, inactivated, recombinant subunit, DNA, and viral vectored vaccines, are in various stages of clinical development, from preclinical to phase 3. This review will discuss the adaptive immune response to DENV, dengue vaccine challenges, animal models used to test dengue vaccine candidates, and historical and current dengue vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Yauch
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Behura SK, Gomez-Machorro C, deBruyn B, Lovin DD, Harker BW, Romero-Severson J, Mori A, Severson DW. Influence of mosquito genotype on transcriptional response to dengue virus infection. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:581-9. [PMID: 24798794 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the principal vector that transmits dengue virus (DENV) to humans. The primary factors that trigger a susceptible or refractory interaction of A. aegypti with DENV are not well understood. In this study, our aim is to characterize the influence of vector genotype on differential gene expression of susceptible vs. refractory A. aegypti strains to DENV infection. To accomplish that, we identified differential expression of a set of complementary DNAs (cDNAs; n = 9,504) of the D2S3 (susceptible) and Moyo-D (refractory) strains of A. aegypti to DENV serotype 2 (JAM1409) and compared these results to the differential expression of cDNAs in a different susceptible vector genotype (Moyo-S) relative to the same refractory genotype (Moyo-D) identified from our previous study. We observed that, although the number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) was similar in both the studies, about ~95% of the DETs were distinct between Moyo-D/D2S3 vs. Moyo-D/Moyo-S. This suggested that A. aegypti response, to infection of a given genotype of dengue, is largely dependent upon the vector genotype. However, we observed a set of common DETs among the vector strains that were associated with predicted functions such as endocytosis, regulation of autophagy, peroxisome, and lipid metabolism that may be relatively universal in conferring mosquito response to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K Behura
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5645, USA
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Zargar S, Wani TA, Jain SK. Morphological changes in vero cells postinfection with dengue virus type-2. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 74:314-9. [PMID: 20687131 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although no specific antiviral tablets or injections that can kill the dengue virus are currently available, adequate care and treatment could control its morbidity. Interaction of dengue virus to target cells could be an important feature for virus propagation. Ultrastructural analysis of this interaction was studied with vero cells. Vero cells were treated with Dengue virus type-2 at different time intervals at multiplicity of infection (m.o.i) < 10, m.o.i > 10, and m.o.i = 100. It was found that m.o.i < 10 is best to study morphological changes. At an m.o.i > 10 apoptosis occurs and at m.o.i. = 100, cell necrosis occurs. While studying morphological changes, it was found that at 30 min postinfection cells have morphology very similar to that of the control cells although some have irregular outline and show cytoplasmic projections and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization. After 1-12 hours postinfection (h.p.i), the nuclei ran from normal looking to diffuse. Nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate. Some nucleoli are difficult to be seen. The cytoplasm appears as a mottled, lumps diffuse mass distributed throughout the cytosol, with dense lysosomes and myelin figures, also in the mitochondria. In later hours (24 h.p.i), the intranuclear euchromatin is dispersed and heterochromatin forms peripheral clumps. The cytoplasmic processes are short and few in numbers. A proportion of damaged mitochondria with disrupted cristae appear, suggesting that dengue virus may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and nucleus and mitochondria may be the primary organelles helping in dissemination of virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Plummer EM, Shresta S. Mouse models for dengue vaccines and antivirals. J Immunol Methods 2014; 410:34-8. [PMID: 24440090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) has substantial global impact, with an estimated 390million people infected each year. In spite of this, there is currently no approved DENV-specific vaccine or antiviral. One reason for this is the difficulty involved with development of an adequate animal model. While non-human primates support viral replication, they do not exhibit signs of clinical disease. A mouse model is an ideal alternative; however, wild-type mice are resistant to DENV-induced disease. Infection of interferon receptor-deficient mice results in disease that recapitulates key features of severe dengue disease in humans. For the development of vaccines, interferon receptor-deficient mice provide a stringent model for testing vaccine-induced immune components from vaccinated wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Plummer
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Carod-Artal FJ, Wichmann O, Farrar J, Gascón J. Neurological complications of dengue virus infection. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:906-919. [PMID: 23948177 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the second most common mosquito-borne disease affecting human beings. In 2009, WHO endorsed new guidelines that, for the first time, consider neurological manifestations in the clinical case classification for severe dengue. Dengue can manifest with a wide range of neurological features, which have been noted--depending on the clinical setting--in 0·5-21% of patients with dengue admitted to hospital. Furthermore, dengue was identified in 4-47% of admissions with encephalitis-like illness in endemic areas. Neurological complications can be categorised into dengue encephalopathy (eg, caused by hepatic failure or metabolic disorders), encephalitis (caused by direct virus invasion), neuromuscular complications (eg, Guillain-Barré syndrome or transient muscle dysfunctions), and neuro-ophthalmic involvement. However, overlap of these categories is possible. In endemic countries and after travel to these regions, dengue should be considered in patients presenting with fever and acute neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Carod-Artal
- Neurology Department, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK; Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joaquim Gascón
- Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Santiago GA, Vergne E, Quiles Y, Cosme J, Vazquez J, Medina JF, Medina F, Colón C, Margolis H, Muñoz-Jordán JL. Analytical and clinical performance of the CDC real time RT-PCR assay for detection and typing of dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2311. [PMID: 23875046 PMCID: PMC3708876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an acute illness caused by the positive-strand RNA dengue virus (DENV). There are four genetically distinct DENVs (DENV-1–4) that cause disease in tropical and subtropical countries. Most patients are viremic when they present with symptoms; therefore, RT-PCR has been increasingly used in dengue diagnosis. The CDC DENV-1–4 RT-PCR Assay has been developed as an in-vitro diagnostic platform and was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for detection of dengue in patients with signs or symptoms of mild or severe dengue. The primers and probes of this test have been designed to detect currently circulating strains of DENV-1–4 from around the world at comparable sensitivity. In a retrospective study with 102 dengue cases confirmed by IgM anti-DENV seroconversion in the convalescent sample, the RT-PCR Assay detected DENV RNA in 98.04% of the paired acute samples. Using sequencing as a positive indicator, the RT-PCR Assay had a 97.92% positive agreement in 86 suspected dengue patients with a single acute serum sample. After extensive validations, the RT-PCR Assay performance was highly reproducible when evaluated across three independent testing sites, did not produce false positive results for etiologic agents of other febrile illnesses, and was not affected by pathological levels of potentially interfering biomolecules. These results indicate that the CDC DENV-1–4 RT-PCR Assay provides a reliable diagnostic platform capable for confirming dengue in suspected cases. Significant expansion of the four DENV serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4) has been reported throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, with estimates of 390 million cases annually. The need has arisen for expanded diagnostic testing for DENV infections in the United States, as dengue infection has been added to the list of national notifiable diseases. Timely and accurate diagnosis of dengue is important for clinical care, disease surveillance, disease prevention, and control activities. However, current testing is performed with laboratory-developed research-based assays available only in a limited number of laboratories that have not been validated or approved for diagnostic testing in the United States. Here we report the development and evaluation of the CDC DENV-1–4 Real Time RT-PCR Assay, the first molecular test approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis and serotyping of DENV in human serum or plasma samples. This test was designed and validated for the detection of contemporary, clinically relevant DENV strains transmitted globally, facilitating the global deployment of the test and increase detection of traveler-associated dengue cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto A. Santiago
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Edgardo Vergne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yashira Quiles
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Joan Cosme
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jesus Vazquez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Juan F. Medina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Freddy Medina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Candimar Colón
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Harold Margolis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordán
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez-Roche R, Gould EA. Understanding the dengue viruses and progress towards their control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:690835. [PMID: 23936833 PMCID: PMC3722981 DOI: 10.1155/2013/690835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the four dengue virus serotypes have been associated with fever, rash, and the more severe forms, haemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. As our knowledge as well as understanding of these viruses increases, we now recognise not only that they are causing increasing numbers of human infections but also that they may cause neurological and other clinical complications, with sequelae or fatal consequences. In this review we attempt to highlight some of these features in the context of dengue virus pathogenesis. We also examine some of the efforts currently underway to control this "scourge" of the tropical and subtropical world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmari Rodriguez-Roche
- Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute, WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector, Havana, Cuba.
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Breyta R, Jones A, Stewart B, Brunson R, Thomas J, Kerwin J, Bertolini J, Mumford S, Patterson C, Kurath G. Emergence of MD type infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Washington State coastal steelhead trout. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 104:179-195. [PMID: 23759556 DOI: 10.3354/dao02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) occurs in North America as 3 major phylogenetic groups designated U, M, and L. In coastal Washington State, IHNV has historically consisted of U genogroup viruses found predominantly in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. M genogroup IHNV, which has host-specific virulence for rainbow and steelhead trout O. mykiss, was detected only once in coastal Washington prior to 2007, in an epidemic among juvenile steelhead trout in 1997. Beginning in 2007 and continuing through 2011, there were 8 IHNV epidemics in juvenile steelhead trout, involving 7 different fish culture facilities in 4 separate watersheds. During the same time period, IHNV was also detected in asymptomatic adult steelhead trout from 6 coastal watersheds. Genetic typing of 283 recent virus isolates from coastal Washington revealed that the great majority were in the M genogroup of IHNV and that there were 2 distinct waves of viral emergence between the years 2007 and 2011. IHNV type mG110M was dominant in coastal steelhead trout during 2007 to 2009, and type mG139M was dominant between 2010 and 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of viral isolates indicated that all coastal M genogroup viruses detected in 1997 and 2007 to 2011 were part of the MD subgroup and that several novel genetic variants related to the dominant types arose in the coastal sites. Comparison of spatial and temporal incidence of coastal MD viruses with that of the rest of the Pacific Northwest indicated that the likely source of the emergent viruses was Columbia River Basin steelhead trout.
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Sharp TM, Hunsperger E, Santiago GA, Muñoz-Jordan JL, Santiago LM, Rivera A, Rodríguez-Acosta RL, Gonzalez Feliciano L, Margolis HS, Tomashek KM. Virus-specific differences in rates of disease during the 2010 Dengue epidemic in Puerto Rico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2159. [PMID: 23593526 PMCID: PMC3617145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness (AFI) caused by four mosquito-transmitted dengue viruses (DENV-1–4) that are endemic in Puerto Rico. In January 2010, the number of suspected dengue cases reported to the passive dengue surveillance system exceeded the epidemic threshold and an epidemic was declared soon after. Methodology/Principal Findings To characterize the epidemic, surveillance and laboratory diagnostic data were compiled. A suspected case was a dengue-like AFI in a person reported by a health care provider with or without a specimen submitted for diagnostic testing. Laboratory-positive cases had: (i) DENV nucleic acid detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an acute serum specimen; (ii) anti-DENV IgM antibody detected by ELISA in any serum specimen; or (iii) DENV antigen or nucleic acid detected in an autopsy-tissue specimen. In 2010, a total of 26,766 suspected dengue cases (7.2 per 1,000 residents) were identified, of which 46.6% were laboratory-positive. Of 7,426 RT-PCR-positive specimens, DENV-1 (69.0%) and DENV-4 (23.6%) were detected more frequently than DENV-2 (7.3%) and DENV-3 (<0.1%). Nearly half (47.1%) of all laboratory-positive cases were adults, 49.7% had dengue with warning signs, 11.1% had severe dengue, and 40 died. Approximately 21% of cases were primary DENV infections, and 1–4 year olds were the only age group for which primary infection was more common than secondary. Individuals infected with DENV-1 were 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–9.8) and 4.0 (95% CI: 2.4–6.5) times more likely to have primary infection than those infected with DENV-2 or -4, respectively. Conclusions/Significance This epidemic was long in duration and yielded the highest incidence of reported dengue cases and deaths since surveillance began in Puerto Rico in the late 1960's. This epidemic re-emphasizes the need for more effective primary prevention interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of dengue. Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness that is endemic throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. Dengue has been endemic in Puerto Rico for several decades and recent epidemics occurred in 1994–5, 1998 and 2007. In January 2010, dengue surveillance indicated that an epidemic had begun. The epidemic peaked in early August and ended in December with a total of 26,766 suspected dengue cases identified, of which 128 were fatal. The 2010 epidemic was one of the longest in Puerto Rico history and resulted in the greatest number of cases and deaths ever detected. We analyzed the epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and age group-specific attack rates, and determined the frequency of first DENV infection and DENV-types among persons experiencing their first infection. This analysis indicated that 10–19 year-olds were most affected during the epidemic, and that DENV-1 was roughly four times more likely to be associated with clinically apparent illness upon first DENV infection than were DENV-2 or -4. The 2010 dengue epidemic demonstrated the heavy burden of illness due to dengue in Puerto Rico, re-emphasizing the critical need for effective primary prevention tools to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to dengue worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Sharp
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Das B, Das M, Dwibedi B, Kar SK, Hazra RK. Molecular investigations of dengue virus during outbreaks in Orissa state, Eastern India from 2010 to 2011. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 16:401-10. [PMID: 23523598 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important arboviral diseases in India. Orissa state in Eastern India reported the first dengue outbreak in 2010, followed by extensive outbreaks in 2011, affecting large number of people. Detailed entomological, serological and phylogenetic investigations were performed in mosquitoes and patients serum collected from dengue virus (DENV) affected areas of Orissa. The combination of DENV specific IgM capture-ELISA and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detected high DENV positivity in serum samples. DENV was detected in mosquitoes reared from field caught pupae by RT-PCR, which confirmed the vertical transmission of DENV that may have an important role in the recurrence of dengue outbreaks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the circulation of Indian lineage of DENV-2 (genotype-IV) and DENV-3 (genotype-III) in vectors and patients serum in Orissa from 2010 to 2011, DENV-2 being the prevailing serotype. Selection analyses within the C-prM region showed that the emergence of DENV-2 and DENV-3 in Orissa was constrained by purifying selection which suggested the role of ecological factors like mosquito density and behavior in the recurrent outbreaks. Aedes albopictus was found to be the most abundant vector in the areas surveyed, followed by Aedes aegypti. Indoor breeding spots (earthen pots) were most abundant, with high pupal productivity (38.50) and contributed maximum Aedes species in the affected areas. The DENV infection rate estimated by maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) was high for indoor breeding Aedes (4.87; 95% CI: 1.82, 10.78) in comparison to outdoor breeding Aedes (1.55; 95% CI: 0.09, 7.55). The high MLE in Ae. albopictus (4.72; 95% CI: 1.94, 9.80) in comparison to Ae. aegypti (1.55; 95% CI: 0.09, 7.54) indicated that Ae. albopictus was the main DENV vector responsible for the outbreaks. The results indicated the circulation of two virulent serotypes of DENV in Orissa, mainly by Ae. albopictus with the implication for implementation of intradomecile vector control measures to prevent the spread of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751023, India
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Faria NRDC, Nogueira RMR, de Filippis AMB, Simões JBS, Nogueira FDB, da Rocha Queiroz Lima M, dos Santos FB. Twenty years of DENV-2 activity in Brazil: molecular characterization and phylogeny of strains isolated from 1990 to 2010. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2095. [PMID: 23516646 PMCID: PMC3597488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, dengue has been a major public health problem since its introduction in the 1980s. Phylogenetic studies constitute a valuable tool to monitor the introduction and spread of viruses as well as to predict the potential epidemiological consequences of such events. Aiming to perform the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of DENV-2 during twenty years of viral activity in the country, viral strains isolated from patients presenting different disease manifestations (n = 34), representing six states of the country, from 1990 to 2010, were sequenced. Partial genome sequencing (genes C/prM/M/E) was performed in 25 DENV-2 strains and full-length genome sequencing (coding region) was performed in 9 strains. The percentage of similarity among the DENV-2 strains in this study and reference strains available in Genbank identified two groups epidemiologically distinct: one represented by strains isolated from 1990 to 2003 and one from strains isolated from 2007 to 2010. No consistent differences were observed on the E gene from strains isolated from cases with different clinical manifestations analyzed, suggesting that if the disease severity has a genetic origin, it is not only due to the differences observed on the E gene. The results obtained by the DENV-2 full-length genome sequencing did not point out consistent differences related to a more severe disease either. The analysis based on the partial and/or complete genome sequencing has characterized the Brazilian DENV-2 strains as belonging to the Southeast Asian genotype, however a distinction of two Lineages within this genotype has been identified. It was established that strains circulating prior DENV-2 emergence (1990–2003) belong to Southeast Asian genotype, Lineage I and strains isolated after DENV-2 emergence in 2007 belong to Southeast Asian genotype, Lineage II. Furthermore, all DENV-2 strains analyzed presented an asparagine (N) in E390, previously identified as a probable genetic marker of virulence observed in DHF strains from Asian origin. The percentage of identity of the latter with the Dominican Republic strain isolated in 2001 combined to the percentage of divergence with the strains first introduced in the country in the 1990s suggests that those viruses did not evolve locally but were due to a new viral Lineage introduction in the country from the Caribbean. In Brazil, the first dengue haemorrhagic cases were reported after the DENV-2 introduction in Rio de Janeiro, which spread to other states in the country. Aiming to perform the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of DENV-2 during twenty years of viral activity in the country, strains isolated from patients presenting different disease manifestations were sequenced. Phylogeny characterized the DENV-2 as belonging to the Southeast Asian genotype, however a distinction of two Lineages within this genotype has been identified. Furthermore, all strains presented an asparagine in E390, previously identified as a probable genetic marker of virulence. The results show a temporal circulation of genetically different viruses in Brazil, probably due to the introduction of a new viral lineage from the Caribbean, which lead to the re-emergence of this serotype after 2007, causing the most severe epidemic already described in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Flavia Barreto dos Santos
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Behura SK, Severson DW. Nucleotide substitutions in dengue virus serotypes from Asian and American countries: insights into intracodon recombination and purifying selection. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:37. [PMID: 23410119 PMCID: PMC3598932 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection represents a significant public health problem in many subtropical and tropical countries. Although genetically closely related, the four serotypes of DENV differ in antigenicity for which cross protection among serotypes is limited. It is also believed that both multi-serotype infection as well as the evolution of viral antigenicity may have confounding effects in increased dengue epidemics. Numerous studies have been performed that investigated genetic diversity of DENV, but the precise mechanism(s) of dengue virus evolution are not well understood. Results We investigated genome-wide genetic diversity and nucleotide substitution patterns in the four serotypes among samples collected from different countries in Asia and Central and South America and sequenced as part of the Genome Sequencing Center for Infectious Diseases at the Broad Institute. We applied bioinformatics, statistical and coalescent simulation methods to investigate diversity of codon sequences of DENV samples representing the four serotypes. We show that fixation of nucleotide substitutions is more prominent among the inter-continental isolates (Asian and American) of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 compared to serotype 4 isolates (South and Central America) and are distributed in a non-random manner among the genes encoded by the virus. Nearly one third of the negatively selected sites are associated with fixed mutation sites within serotypes. Our results further show that of all the sites showing evidence of recombination, the majority (~84%) correspond to sites under purifying selection in the four serotypes. The analysis further shows that genetic recombination occurs within specific codons, albeit with low frequency (< 5% of all recombination sites) throughout the DENV genome of the four serotypes and reveals significant enrichment (p < 0.05) among sites under purifying selection in the virus. Conclusion The study provides the first evidence for intracodon recombination in DENV and suggests that within codons, genetic recombination has a significant role in maintaining extensive purifying selection of DENV in natural populations. Our study also suggests that fixation of beneficial mutations may lead to virus evolution via translational selection of specific sites in the DENV genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K Behura
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Novel benzoxazole inhibitor of dengue virus replication that targets the NS3 helicase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1902-12. [PMID: 23403421 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02251-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the predominant mosquito-borne viral pathogen that infects humans with an estimated 50 to 100 million infections per year worldwide. Over the past 50 years, the incidence of dengue disease has increased dramatically and the virus is now endemic in more than 100 countries. Moreover, multiple serotypes of DENV are now found in the same geographic region, increasing the likelihood of more severe forms of disease. Despite extensive research, there are still no approved vaccines or therapeutics commercially available to treat DENV infection. Here we report the results of a high-throughput screen of a chemical compound library using a whole-virus assay that identified a novel small-molecule inhibitor of DENV, ST-610, that potently and selectively inhibits all four serotypes of DENV replication in vitro. Sequence analysis of drug-resistant virus isolates has identified a single point mutation, A263T, in the NS3 helicase domain that confers resistance to this compound. ST-610 inhibits DENV NS3 helicase RNA unwinding activity in a molecular-beacon-based helicase assay but does not inhibit nucleoside triphosphatase activity based on a malachite green ATPase assay. ST-610 is nonmutagenic, is well tolerated (nontoxic) in mice, and has shown efficacy in a sublethal murine model of DENV infection with the ability to significantly reduce viremia and viral load compared to vehicle controls.
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Manakkadan A, Joseph I, Prasanna RR, Kunju RI, Kailas L, Sreekumar E. Lineage shift in Indian strains of Dengue virus serotype-3 (Genotype III), evidenced by detection of lineage IV strains in clinical cases from Kerala. Virol J 2013; 10:37. [PMID: 23360780 PMCID: PMC3598737 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local epidemiology of Dengue is defined by the genetic diversity of the circulating Dengue virus (DENV) strains. This important information is not available for the virus strains from most parts of the Indian subcontinent. The present study focused on the genetic diversity of the serotype 3 DENV strains (DENV-3) from India. Results A total of 22 DENV-3 strains identified by reverse-transcription PCR analysis of serum samples from 709 patients were studied. These samples were collected over a period of 4 years (2008–2011) from dengue fever suspected patients from Kerala, a dengue endemic state in South India. Comparison of a 1740bp nucleotide sequence of the viral Capsid-Pre-membrane-Envelope coding region of our strains and previously reported DENV-3 strains from India, South Asia and South America revealed non-synonymous substitutions that were genotype III-specific as well as sporadic. Evidence of positive selection was detected in the I81 amino acid residue of the envelope protein. Out of the 22 samples, three had I81A and 18 had I81V substitutions. In the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method the strains from Kerala clustered in two different lineages (lineage III and IV) within genotype III clade of DENV-3 strains. The ten strains that belonged to lineage IV had a signature amino acid substitution T219A in the envelope protein. Interestingly, all these strains were found to be closely related to a Singapore strain GU370053 isolated in 2007. Conclusions Our study identifies for the first time the presence of lineage IV strains in the Indian subcontinent. Results indicate the possibility of a recent exotic introduction and also a shift from the existing lineage III strains to lineage IV. Lineage shifts in DENV-3 strains have been attributed to dramatic increase in disease severity in many parts of the world. Hence the present observation could be significant in terms of the clinical severity of future dengue cases in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Manakkadan
- Viral Disease Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Bowen DM, Lewis JA, Lu W, Schein CH. Simplifying complex sequence information: a PCP-consensus protein binds antibodies against all four Dengue serotypes. Vaccine 2012; 30:6081-7. [PMID: 22863657 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing proteins that reflect the natural variability of a pathogen is essential for developing novel vaccines and drugs. Flaviviruses, including Dengue (DENV) and West Nile (WNV), evolve rapidly and can "escape" neutralizing monoclonal antibodies by mutation. Designing antigens that represent many distinct strains is important for DENV, where infection with a strain from one of the four serotypes may lead to severe hemorrhagic disease on subsequent infection with a strain from another serotype. Here, a DENV physicochemical property (PCP)-consensus sequence was derived from 671 unique sequences from the Flavitrack database. PCP-consensus proteins for domain 3 of the envelope protein (EdomIII) were expressed from synthetic genes in Escherichia coli. The ability of the purified consensus proteins to bind polyclonal antibodies generated in response to infection with strains from each of the four DENV serotypes was determined. The initial consensus protein bound antibodies from DENV-1-3 in ELISA and Western blot assays. This sequence was altered in 3 steps to incorporate regions of maximum variability, identified as significant changes in the PCPs, characteristic of DENV-4 strains. The final protein was recognized by antibodies against all four serotypes. Two amino acids essential for efficient binding to all DENV antibodies are part of a discontinuous epitope previously defined for a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The PCP-consensus method can significantly reduce the number of experiments required to define a multivalent antigen, which is particularly important when dealing with pathogens that must be tested at higher biosafety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bowen
- Computational Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0857, United States
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Añez G, Heisey DAR, Espina LM, Stramer SL, Rios M. Phylogenetic analysis of dengue virus types 1 and 4 circulating in Puerto Rico and Key West, Florida, during 2010 epidemics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:548-53. [PMID: 22826483 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe sequences of six strains of dengue virus (DENV): three DENV-1 isolates and two DENV-4 isolates from Puerto Rico, and a DENV-1 strain from Key West, Florida, obtained from blood donors during 2010 epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Puerto Rico DENV-1 strains constitute a new lineage within genotype V different from those that circulated in Puerto Rico during the past two decades. The newer Puerto Rico DENV-1 strains associated with strains from the Caribbean and South America. The DENV-1 strain from Key West, Florida clustered with a strain isolated from mosquito pools collected in that area and with a number of strains from Nicaragua and Mexico circulating during 2006-2009. The Puerto Rico DENV-4 isolates of genotype II associated with strains that have circulated on the island throughout the 1980s and 1990s and with strains from the Caribbean region and Central America. Introduction and circulation of novel DENV lineages in dengue-endemic regions have the potential to increase the severity of dengue cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Añez
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Aldstadt J, Yoon IK, Tannitisupawong D, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Gibbons RV, Uppapong A, Iamsirithaworn S, Rothman AL, Scott TW, Endy T. Space-time analysis of hospitalised dengue patients in rural Thailand reveals important temporal intervals in the pattern of dengue virus transmission. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:1076-85. [PMID: 22808917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the temporal intervals at which spatial clustering of dengue hospitalisations occurs. METHODS Space-time analysis of 262 people hospitalised and serologically confirmed with dengue virus infections in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand was performed. The cases were observed between 1 January 2009 and 6 May 2011. Spatial coordinates of each patient's home were captured using the Global Positioning System. A novel method based on the Knox test was used to determine the temporal intervals between cases at which spatial clustering occurred. These intervals are indicative of the length of time between successive illnesses in the chain of dengue virus transmission. RESULTS The strongest spatial clustering occurred at the 15-17-day interval. There was also significant spatial clustering over short intervals (2-5 days). The highest excess risk was observed within 200 m of a previous hospitalised case and significantly elevated risk persisted within this distance for 32-34 days. CONCLUSIONS Fifteen to seventeen days are the most likely serial interval between successive dengue illnesses. This novel method relies only on passively detected, hospitalised case data with household locations and provides a useful tool for understanding region-specific and outbreak-specific dengue virus transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Aldstadt
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Bouri N, Sell TK, Franco C, Adalja AA, Henderson DA, Hynes NA. Return of epidemic dengue in the United States: implications for the public health practitioner. Public Health Rep 2012; 127:259-66. [PMID: 22547856 DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions that facilitate sustained dengue transmission exist in the United States, and outbreaks have occurred during the past decade in Texas, Hawaii, and Florida. More outbreaks can also be expected in years to come. To combat dengue, medical and public health practitioners in areas with mosquito vectors that are competent to transmit the virus must be aware of the threat of reemergent dengue, and the need for early reporting and control to reduce the impact of dengue outbreaks. Comprehensive dengue control includes human and vector surveillance, vector management programs, and community engagement efforts. Public health, medical, and vector-control communities must collaborate to prevent and control disease spread. Policy makers should understand the role of mosquito abatement and community engagement in the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bouri
- Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Behura SK, Severson DW. Intrinsic features of Aedes aegypti genes affect transcriptional responsiveness of mosquito genes to dengue virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1413-8. [PMID: 22579482 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans world-wide. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the major vector that spreads dengue virus to humans. Interaction between dengue viruses and A. aegypti is a multi-factorial phenomena that is determined by both virus and mosquito genotypes. Although, studies have suggested significant association of mosquito vectorial capacity with population variation of dengue virus, specifications of the vector factors that may influence vector-virus compatibility are very limited in the literature. Recently, we have shown that a large number of genes are differentially expressed between MOYO-S (susceptible) and MOYO-R (refractory) A. aegypti strains upon infection with dengue virus (JAM-1409 genotype). In the current study, we show that specific intrinsic features of A. aegypti genes are significantly associated with 'responsiveness' of mosquito genes to dengue infection. Binomial logistic regression analysis further reveals differential marginal effects of these features on gene responsiveness of mosquitoes to the viral infection. Thus, our result shows that intrinsic features of genes significantly affect differential expression of A. aegypti genes to dengue infection. The information will benefit further investigations on evolution of genes among natural populations of A. aegypti conferring differential susceptibility to dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K Behura
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Smoum R, Rubinstein A, Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M. Boron containing compounds as protease inhibitors. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4156-220. [PMID: 22519511 DOI: 10.1021/cr608202m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Smoum
- The School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Bhatnagar J, Blau DM, Shieh WJ, Paddock CD, Drew C, Liu L, Jones T, Patel M, Zaki SR. Molecular detection and typing of dengue viruses from archived tissues of fatal cases by rt-PCR and sequencing: diagnostic and epidemiologic implications. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:335-40. [PMID: 22302871 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection in fatal cases is challenging because of the frequent unavailability of blood or fresh tissues. For formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be used; however, it may not be as sensitive and serotyping is not possible. The application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of DENV in FFPE tissues has been very limited. We evaluated FFPE autopsy tissues of 122 patients with suspected DENV infection by flavivirus and DENV RT-PCR, sequencing, and DENV IHC. The DENV was detected in 61 (50%) cases by RT-PCR or IHC. The RT-PCR and sequencing detected DENV in 60 (49%) cases (DENV-1 in 16, DENV-2 in 27, DENV-3 in 8, and DENV-4 in 6 cases). No serotype could be identified in three cases. The IHC detected DENV antigens in 50 (40%) cases. The RT-PCR using FFPE tissue improves detection of DENV in fatal cases and provides sequence information useful for typing and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julu Bhatnagar
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Dumonteil E, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S, Ortega J, Ponce de Leon Rosales S, Betancourt Cravioto M, Tapia-Conyer R. Texas and Mexico: sharing a legacy of poverty and neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1497. [PMID: 22479656 PMCID: PMC3313919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hotez
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro De Investigaciones Regional “Dr. Hideo Noguchi”, Autonomous University of Yucatan (UADY), Merida, Mexico
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jaime Ortega
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Matheus S, Chappert JL, Cassadou S, Berger F, Labeau B, Bremand L, Winicki A, Huc-Anais P, Quenel P, Dussart P. Virological surveillance of dengue in Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy, French West Indies, using blood samples on filter paper. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:159-65. [PMID: 22232467 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To strengthen active dengue surveillance in Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy, two French Caribbean islands, we evaluated the epidemiological usefulness of collecting blood samples from NS1-positive dengue patients on filter paper to identify the dengue serotypes circulating in these regions during a 27-month period. This approach allowed dengue serotypes to be identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in 90.1% of the total set of 666 samples analyzed and, in 95.5% of the samples collected during the acute phase of the disease. This prospective virological surveillance using blood samples absorbed onto filter paper, which were stored at 4°C and shipped at ambient temperature to a specialized laboratory for analysis, allowed us to avoid the logistic and financial costs associated with shipping frozen venous blood samples. This surveillance system offers a low-cost alternative for reinforcing dengue prevention in areas where specialized laboratories do not exist, notably by facilitating the early detection of potentially new dengue serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Matheus
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus et Virus Influenza Région Antilles-Guyane, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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