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Brunaugh AD, Walz A, Warnken Z, Pearce C, Munoz Gutierrez J, Koleng JJ, Smyth HDC, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Respirable Clofazimine Particles Produced by Air Jet Milling Technique Are Efficacious in Treatment of BALB/c Mice with Chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0018622. [PMID: 35943265 PMCID: PMC9487480 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to health care workers, cold-chain storage, and sterile water sources may be limited. Inhaled drug delivery is a promising alternative to systemic delivery of antimycobacterial drugs, as it enables rapid achievement of high infection-site drug concentrations. The off-patent drug clofazimine (CFZ) may be particularly suitable for this route, given its known systemic toxicities. In this study, micronized CFZ particles produced by air jet milling were assessed for shelf-stability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-TB efficacy by the oral and pulmonary routes in BALB/c mice. Intratracheal instillation of micronized CFZ particles produced several-fold higher lung concentrations after a single 30 mg/kg dose compared to delivery via oral gavage, and faster onset of bactericidal activity was observed in lungs of mice with chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compared to the oral route. Both infection status and administration route affected the multidose pharmacokinetics (PK) of micronized CFZ. Increased lung and spleen accumulation of the drug after pulmonary administration was noted in infected mice compared to naive mice, while the opposite trend was noted in the oral dosing groups. The infection-dependent PK of inhaled micronized CFZ may point to a role of macrophage trafficking in drug distribution, given the intracellular-targeting nature of the formulation. Lastly, air jet milled CFZ exhibited robustness to storage-induced chemical degradation and changes in aerosol performance, thereby indicating the suitability of the formulation for treatment of TB in regions with limited cold chain supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D. Brunaugh
- Via Therapeutics, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Walz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Camron Pearce
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Juan Munoz Gutierrez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- Via Therapeutics, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Kumbar SS, Shettar A, Joshi SD, Patil SA. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological activity studies of novel coumarino-azetidinones. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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3
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Kaipilyawar V, Salgame P. Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31602294 PMCID: PMC6774050 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Infection resisters” are broadly defined as individuals who despite significant exposure to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain persistently unreactive to conventional detection assays, suggesting that they remain uninfected or rapidly clear their infection early on following exposure. In this review, we highlight recent studies that point to underlying host immune mechanisms that could mediate this natural resistance. We also illustrate some additional avenues that are likely to be differently modulated in resisters and possess the potential to be targeted, ranging from early mycobacterial sensing leading up to subsequent killing. Emerging research in this area can be harnessed to provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies against
M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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4
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Somagond SM, Kamble RR, Bayannavar PK, Shaikh SKJ, Joshi SD, Kumbar VM, Nesaragi AR, Kariduraganavar MY. Click chemistry based regioselective one-pot synthesis of coumarin-3-yl-methyl-1,2,3-triazolyl-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-ones as newer potent antitubercular agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900013. [PMID: 31397503 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin-3-yl-methyl-1,2,3-triazolyl-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-ones (8k-z) were synthesized via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry. The synthesized hybrid molecules were characterized by spectral studies. Compounds 8k-z were screened for their in vitro anti-TB activity by using the Microplate Alamar Blue assay and for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. Some of the compounds were found to be most potent against the tested Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain with a MIC of 1.60 µg/ml. Further, docking the compounds into the InhA binding pocket showed strong binding interactions and effective overall docking scores were recorded. The drug-likeness and toxicity studies were computed using Molinspiration and Protox, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa M Somagond
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra R Kamble
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen K Bayannavar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Saba Kauser J Shaikh
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrinivas D Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T.'s College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay M Kumbar
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Aravind R Nesaragi
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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5
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Wu S, Lan L, Jiang J, Ding X, Ho CM, Lou Y, Fan G. Simultaneous determination of the potent anti-tuberculosis regimen-Pyrazinamide, ethambutol, protionamide, clofazimine in beagle dog plasma using LC-MS/MS method coupled with 96-well format plate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:44-54. [PMID: 30784889 PMCID: PMC6447767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
LC–MS/MS method for determination of Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Protionamide and Clofazimine in Beagle Dog Plasma. Method validation was conducted according to FDA and NMPA guidelines. Hemolysis effect was investigated in detail. The method is robust and high throughput cooperated with 96-well format plates.
Tuberculosis is one of the top concerns in the world and acutely threatens human health. A new potent candidate regimen containing pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB), protionamide (PTO) and clofazimine (CFZ) was proposed by Parabolic Response Surface/Feedback System Control (FSC/PRS) system and showed excellent outcomes in vitro and vivo studies. Here, a convenient liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneously determination of four compounds in beagle dog plasma. The plasma samples, 50 μL for each, were pretreated by methanol on 96-well format plates and a further dilution step was designed to reduce predictable matrix effect and lessen the burden of subsequent analysis. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent SB-Aq column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30 °C by a gradient elution within 6 min. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.2% formic acid-5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution (phase A) and 0.2% formic acid methanol (phase B) with a total flow rate of 1 mL/min. The 30% of post-column eluant was injected into mass spectrometer, equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) source under positive mode and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). This quantification method was proved to be satisfied in selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity (r2 > 0.998), recovery, matrix effect and stability. Under the specialized conditions, the calibration curves ranged from 20 to 5000 ng/mL for PZA, 1 to 500 ng/mL for EMB, 1 to 500 ng/mL for PTO, and 1 to 200 ng/mL for CFZ. The quantitative accuracy was further assessed under different degrees of hemolyses in detail. This method was proved to be robust and efficient, and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of the new regimen in Beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Wu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Liai Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 1878 North Sichuan Road, Shanghai 200081, PR China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 1878 North Sichuan Road, Shanghai 200081, PR China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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6
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Sharma S, Bajpai J, Pathak PK, Pradhan A, Singh P, Kant S. Oral tuberculosis - Current concepts. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1308-1312. [PMID: 31143712 PMCID: PMC6510082 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_97_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that can affect various parts of the body including the oral cavity. It primarily affects the lungs. TB bacilli can spread hematogenously to different parts of the body and this also involves maxilla or mandible. Although oral lesions are infrequent, they are crucial for the early diagnosis and interception of primary TB. Intercepting the disease early will limit the morbidity and mortality of the patients. It becomes the responsibility of the dentist to include TB in the differential diagnosis of suspicious oral lesions to prevent delay in the treatment of the disease. It would not be an exaggeration if the dental identification of the TB lesions has the potential of serving as a significant aid in the first line of control for this hazardous and often fatal disease. This article will also emphasize the advancing role of oral pathologists in making the final diagnosis of this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Bajpai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj K Pathak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Akshyaya Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Kumbar SS, Hosamani KM, Gouripur GC, Joshi SD. Functionalization of 3-chloroformylcoumarin to coumarin Schiff bases using reusable catalyst: an approach to molecular docking and biological studies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172416. [PMID: 29892427 PMCID: PMC5990764 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, heterogeneous catalysts have been explored eximiously in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Therefore, here we used solid-supported heterogeneous silica sulfuric acid as a catalyst for the synthesis of Schiff's base of 3-chloroformylcoumarin in view of simplified procedure, reusability and acceptable efficiency, which are required in organic synthesis. An efficient and facile methodology is preferred for synthesis of a class of chromeno-3-substituted derivatives (1a-1l) with good yields. The molecular docking results showed excellent binding interactions with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA-D148G mutant (PDB: 4DQU). The same biomolecules were screened for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity against the M.tb H37Rv strain and antimicrobial studies. Physico-chemistry, toxicity prediction with IC50 value and bioactivity score were also calculated for title compounds. Most active compounds were further tested for cytotoxicity studies and exhibited low-level cytotoxicity against Vero cells. The suggested conjugates are promising lead compounds for the subsequent investigation in search of new anti-tubercular agents. All the conjugates were obtained within the range and followed the Lipinski rule of 5, indicating more 'drug-like' nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh S. Kumbar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Kallappa M. Hosamani
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhar C. Gouripur
- P. G. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrinivas D. Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T.'s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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8
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Lentz F, Reiling N, Martins A, Molnár J, Hilgeroth A. Discovery of Novel Enhancers of Isoniazid Toxicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040825. [PMID: 29617279 PMCID: PMC6017859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of effective first-line antibiotics for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is strongly limited to a few drugs. Due to emerging resistance against those drugs, second- and third-line antibiotics have been established in therapy with certain problems and also increasing mycobacterial resistance. An alternative to such novel drugs or combined therapeutic regimes which may reduce resistance development is finding enhancers of mycobacterial drug effectiveness, especially enhancers that counteract causative resistance mechanisms. Such enhancers may reduce the extracellular drug efflux mediated by bacterial efflux pumps and thus enhance the intracellular drug toxicity. We developed novel 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) as potential efflux pump inhibitors with some determined P-gp affinities. The influence on the antituberculotic drug toxicity has been investigated for three prominent antituberculotic drugs. Exclusive and selective toxicity enhancing effects have been detected for isoniazid (INH) which could be related to certain substituent effects of the 1,4-DHPs. So, structure-dependent activities have been found. Thus, promising enhancers could be identified and a suggested efflux pump inhibition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Lentz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Research Center of Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | - Ana Martins
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Joseph Molnár
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Andreas Hilgeroth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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9
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Morse PD, Jamison TF. Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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10
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Morse PD, Jamison TF. Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13999-14002. [PMID: 28929565 PMCID: PMC5698803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for overcoming the low stability of nitroalkynes through the development of nitrated vinyl silyltriflate equivalents. Because of their instability, nitroalkynes have only rarely been utilized in synthesis. The reactivity of these silyltriflates, which are prepared in situ, is exemplified by dipolar cycloaddition reactions with nitrones to give highly substituted 4‐nitro‐4‐isoxazolines in high yields. This approach has proven general for several different alkyl and aryl substituted alkynes. In order to minimize the accumulation of potentially hazardous reaction intermediates, we have also developed a continuous flow variant of this method that is capable of carrying out the entire reaction sequence in a good yield and a short residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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11
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Anguru MR, Taduri AK, Bhoomireddy RD, Jojula M, Gunda SK. Novel drug targets for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 2-heterostyrylbenzimidazoles as inhibitors of cell wall protein synthesis. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:68. [PMID: 29086847 PMCID: PMC5524660 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi drug-resistant and mycobacterial infections are a major public health challenge, leading to high mortality and socioeconomic burdens through worldwide. Novel therapeutics are necessary to treat the drug resistant strains, since no new chemical entities are emerged in the last four decades for the treatment of TB. FINDINGS A series of novel 2-heterostyrylbenzimidazole derivatives were synthesised by cyclisation of (3,4-diaminophenyl)(phenyl)methanone, cinnamic acid using glycerol in high yield. The molecular structures of target compounds (5a-5n) were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for anti-tubercular activity and the MIC was determined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by broth microdilution method using Lowenstein Jensen medium (LJ). These compounds docked into the active site of "Crystal structure of pantothenate synthetase in complex with 2-(2-(benzofuran-2-ylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid" (PDB code, 3IVX). Auto dock 4.2 software was used for docking studies. RESULTS 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5i, and 5l show better activity and the most active inhibitor of tuberculosis 5f showed a promising inhibition of M. tuberculosis with MIC value of 16 μg/mL. The molecules functionalized with electron-donating groups (Cl, O, S, etc.) on different aromatic aldehydes (5a-5n) were found to be more active in inhibiting M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of docking studies, 5f has shown good affinity for the enzyme. Comparison was made with the binding energies of the standard drugs amoxicillin (-34.28 kcal/mol) and ciprofloxacin (-28.20 kcal/mol). Among all the designed compounds, the compound 5f shows highest binding energy with two amino acid interactions Lys160, Val187 (-9.80 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Rao Anguru
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - Ashok Kumar Taduri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - Rama Devi Bhoomireddy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - Malathi Jojula
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Shivani College of Pharmacy, Warangal, 506002 India
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12
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Bhuva NH, Talpara PK, Singala PM, Gothaliya VK, Shah VH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidinyl sulphonamide derivatives as promising class of antitubercular agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Scott FJ, Nichol RJO, Khalaf AI, Giordani F, Gillingwater K, Ramu S, Elliott A, Zuegg J, Duffy P, Rosslee MJ, Hlaka L, Kumar S, Ozturk M, Brombacher F, Barrett M, Guler R, Suckling CJ. An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-fungal and anti-mycobacterial therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:561-572. [PMID: 28544982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study details the synthesis and biological evaluation of a collection of 19 structurally related Minor Groove Binders (MGBs), derived from the natural product distamycin, which were designed to probe antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. From this initial set, we report several MGBs that are worth more detailed investigation and optimisation. MGB-4, MGB-317 and MGB-325 have promising MIC80s of 2, 4 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively, against the fungus C. neoformans.MGB-353 and MGB-354 have MIC99s of 3.1 μM against the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis. The selectivity and activity of these compounds is related to their physicochemical properties and the cell wall/membrane characteristics of the infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan J O Nichol
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Abedawn I Khalaf
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Giordani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Gillingwater
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soumya Ramu
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha Elliott
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paula Duffy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael-Jon Rosslee
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Santosh Kumar
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Michael Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Reto Guler
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Colin J Suckling
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Lentz F, Hemmer M, Reiling N, Hilgeroth A. Discovery of novel N- phenyl 1,4-dihydropyridines with a dual mode of antimycobacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5896-5898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Chenge J, Kavanagh ME, Driscoll MD, McLean KJ, Young DB, Cortes T, Matak-Vinkovic D, Levy CW, Rigby SEJ, Leys D, Abell C, Munro AW. Structural characterization of CYP144A1 - a cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed from alternative transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26628. [PMID: 27225995 PMCID: PMC4880925 DOI: 10.1038/srep26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). The virulent Mtb H37Rv strain encodes 20 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, many of which are implicated in Mtb survival and pathogenicity in the human host. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CYP144A1 is retained exclusively within the Mycobacterium genus, particularly in species causing human and animal disease. Transcriptomic annotation revealed two possible CYP144A1 start codons, leading to expression of (i) a “full-length” 434 amino acid version (CYP144A1-FLV) and (ii) a “truncated” 404 amino acid version (CYP144A1-TRV). Computational analysis predicted that the extended N-terminal region of CYP144A1-FLV is largely unstructured. CYP144A1 FLV and TRV forms were purified in heme-bound states. Mass spectrometry confirmed production of intact, His6-tagged forms of CYP144A1-FLV and -TRV, with EPR demonstrating cysteine thiolate coordination of heme iron in both cases. Hydrodynamic analysis indicated that both CYP144A1 forms are monomeric. CYP144A1-TRV was crystallized and the first structure of a CYP144 family P450 protein determined. CYP144A1-TRV has an open structure primed for substrate binding, with a large active site cavity. Our data provide the first evidence that Mtb produces two different forms of CYP144A1 from alternative transcripts, with CYP144A1-TRV generated from a leaderless transcript lacking a 5′-untranslated region and Shine-Dalgarno ribosome binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Chenge
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Madeline E Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Max D Driscoll
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J McLean
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B Young
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Cortes
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Dijana Matak-Vinkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Levy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E J Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Munro
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Specialty Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Output-driven feedback system control platform optimizes combinatorial therapy of tuberculosis using a macrophage cell culture model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2172-9. [PMID: 27035987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600812113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem, and improved treatments are needed to shorten duration of therapy, decrease disease burden, improve compliance, and combat emergence of drug resistance. Ideally, the most effective regimen would be identified by a systematic and comprehensive combinatorial search of large numbers of TB drugs. However, optimization of regimens by standard methods is challenging, especially as the number of drugs increases, because of the extremely large number of drug-dose combinations requiring testing. Herein, we used an optimization platform, feedback system control (FSC) methodology, to identify improved drug-dose combinations for TB treatment using a fluorescence-based human macrophage cell culture model of TB, in which macrophages are infected with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). On the basis of only a single screening test and three iterations, we identified highly efficacious three- and four-drug combinations. To verify the efficacy of these combinations, we further evaluated them using a methodologically independent assay for intramacrophage killing of Mtb; the optimized combinations showed greater efficacy than the current standard TB drug regimen. Surprisingly, all top three- and four-drug optimized regimens included the third-line drug clofazimine, and none included the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, which had insignificant or antagonistic impacts on efficacy. Because top regimens also did not include a fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside, they are potentially of use for treating many cases of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB. Our study shows the power of an FSC platform to identify promising previously unidentified drug-dose combinations for treatment of TB.
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An update on pathogenesis and management of tuberculosis with special reference to drug resistance. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Sharma MC. A Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents Using Molecular Modeling Techniques. Interdiscip Sci 2015; 7:346-56. [PMID: 26159131 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the leading causative agent of TB, is responsible for the morbidity and mortality of a large population worldwide. In view of above and as a part of our effort to develop new and potent anti-TB agents, a series of substituted naphthoquinone derivatives were subjected to molecular modeling using various feature selection methods. The statistically significant best 2D-QSAR model having correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] and cross-validated squared correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] with external predictive ability of [Formula: see text] was developed by SA-PLS, and group-based QSAR model having [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] was developed by SA-PLS. Further analysis using three-dimensional QSAR technique identifies a suitable model obtained by SA-partial least square method leading to antitubercular activity prediction. k-nearest neighbor molecular field analysis was used to construct the best 3D-QSAR model using SA-PLS method, showing good correlative and predictive capabilities in terms of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The pharmacophore analysis results obtained from this study show that the distance between the aromatic/hydrophobic and the naphthoquinone moiety sites to the aliphatic and acceptor groups should be connected with almost the same distance for significant antitubercular activity. The information rendered by QSAR models may lead to a better understanding of structural requirements of antitubercular activity and also can help in the design of novel potent antitubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh C Sharma
- Drug Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Takshila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452 001, India.
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Recent progress in the drug development of coumarin derivatives as potent antituberculosis agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:257-69. [PMID: 26112067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a challenging worldwide health problem and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the most deadly human pathogens. TB is the second leading infectious cause of mortality today behind only HIV/AIDS. The impetus for developing new structural classes of antituberculosis drugs comes from the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The development of MDR strains to commonly used drugs is due to, longer durations of therapy as results of resistance, and the resurgence of the disease in immune compromised patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new antitubercular (anti-TB) agents. Ironically, the low number of potentially new chemical entities which can act as anti-TB candidates is of great importance at present situation. Considering the severity of the problem, WHO has prepared a strategic plan in Berlin declaration 2007 to stop TB, globally. Among the oxygen heterocycles, coumarin derivatives are important motifs, which can be widely found in many natural products, and many of them displaying diverse biological activities. This spectacular spectrum of applications has intrigued organic and medicinal chemists for decades to explore the natural coumarins or their synthetic analogs for their applicability as anti-TB drugs. To pave the way for the future research, there is a need to collect the latest information in this promising area. In the present review, we collated published reports on coumarin derivatives to shed light on the insights on different types of methods reported for their preparations, characterizations and anti-TB applications, so that its full therapeutic potential class of compounds can be utilized for the treatment of tuberculosis. Therefore, the objective of this review is to focus on important coumarin analogs with anti-TB activities, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) for designing the better anti-TB agents. It is hoped that, this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic coumarin-based anti-TB drugs.
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Jain P, Jain I. Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: Step towards Early Diagnosis. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZE18-21. [PMID: 25654056 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10080.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, as known universally, is a chronic infectious disease that can affect any part of the body including mouth. It usually affects the lungs, TB bacilli can spread hematogenously to other parts of the body and this also includes mandible or maxilla. It can occur in the mouth involving the tongue with very unusual features and forms. So oral lesions, although rare, are very important for early diagnosis and interception of primary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jain
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, ITS Dental College , Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Isha Jain
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Dental College , Ghaziabad, UP, India
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21
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Chauhan K, Sharma M, Trivedi P, Chaturvedi V, Chauhan PMS. New class of methyl tetrazole based hybrid of (Z)-5-benzylidene-2-(piperazin-1-yl)thiazol-4(%H)-one as potent antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4166-70. [PMID: 25127167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In search of potential therapeutics for tuberculosis, we describe here the synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of a novel series of thiazolone piperazine tetrazole derivatives. Among all the synthesized derivatives, four compounds (10, 14, 20 and 33) exhibited more potent activity (MIC=3.08, 3.01, 2.62 and 2.51 μM) than ethambutol (MIC=9.78 μM) and pyrazinamide (MIC=101.53 μM) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, they displayed no toxicity against Vero cells (C1008) and mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (MBMDMϕ). These investigated analogues have emerged as possible lead molecule to enlarge the scope of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Moni Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Drug Target Discovery and Development Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Drug Target Discovery and Development Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem M S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.
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22
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Kalalbandi VKA, Seetharamappa J, Katrahalli U, Bhat KG. Synthesis, crystal studies, anti-tuberculosis and cytotoxic studies of 1-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Insights into the bonding pattern for characterizing the open and closed state of the substrate-binding loop in Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:605-16. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Direct InhA inhibitors, which interact with the substrate-binding loop (SBL) and order it into a closed state, are thought to be potential anti-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis molecules. Thus, developing parameters to distinguish between the open and closed state of SBL can help in screening the potent inhibitors with loop ordering properties. Results: We report empirical parameters to differentiate the 'open' and 'closed' conformation of SBL by comprehensive analysis of InhA crystal structures. The 'open' state of SBL was observed with intra- and inter-loop H-bonding within the residues pair, G205–G208 and L207–I105, respectively, while the 'closed' conformation is found with H-bonding within the residues pair: L207–E210 and A206–I105. Moreover, potent inhibitors (IC50, 5.3–5160 nM) are observed to make hydrophobic interactions with residues of SBL, particularly with A198 in the structures with closed state of SBL. Conclusion: The observed set of H-bonding pattern and hydrophobic contact with residues of SBL can be utilized as a filter to evaluate novel inhibitors for their SBL ordering properties and potencies using the molecular dynamic simulation in the virtual screening of direct InhA inhibitors.
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Tam CM, Yew WW, Yuen KY. Treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:405-21. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Banerjee R, Schecter GF, Flood J, Porco TC. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: new strains, new challenges. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 6:713-24. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.5.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Tomioka H, Tatano Y, Yasumoto K, Shimizu T. Recent advances in antituberculous drug development and novel drug targets. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 2:455-71. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2.4.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Satasia SP, Kalaria PN, Raval DK. Catalytic regioselective synthesis of pyrazole based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones and their biological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1751-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Y3111 from traditional Chinese medicine produced antitubercular pluramycins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1077-85. [PMID: 24190497 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of a search for antitubercular substances from natural sources, we screened a library of endophytic microbes (50 strains and 300 crude extracts in total) isolated from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The crude extract of Streptomyces sp. strain Y3111, which was associated with the stems of Heracleum souliei, showed good anti-BCG activity with an MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided isolation led to four new pluramycin-type compounds, heraclemycins A-D (1-4). Their structures were determined by different spectroscopic techniques including HRMSESI, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR. This is the first report of pluramycin analogues produced by TCM endophytic microbes as well as the first example of BCG-selective pluramycins. Heraclemycin C (3) showed selective antitubercular activity against BCG with a MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL and a potential new mode of action.
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Owens JP, Fofana MO, Dowdy DW. Cost-effectiveness of novel first-line treatment regimens for tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:590-6. [PMID: 23575322 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of novel first-line treatment regimens for tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN Using decision analysis, we projected the costs and effectiveness, from the health care perspective, of treating a patient cohort in the public sector for active TB without known or suspected resistance to first-line drugs. We compared standard (6-month) treatment to hypothetical regimens of equal efficacy, higher cost and shorter duration. RESULTS For every 100 TB patients treated, replacing standard treatment with shorter-course regimens would avert an estimated 2-4 failures/relapses, 0.2-0.4 deaths and 8-14 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), or 6-11% of all DALYs suffered. We identified three primary determinants of cost-effectiveness: drug price, continuation phase treatment delivery costs and deaths averted through fewer relapses. In a high treatment cost scenario (similar to Brazil), averted delivery costs outweighed higher drug costs, making novel regimens cost-saving. In a low treatment cost scenario (similar to the Philippines), a 4-month regimen with a drug price of $1/day cost $66 per patient, or $840 per DALY averted, and became cost-saving if the drug price dropped below $0.37/day. CONCLUSION Although they avert a small proportion of total DALYs, novel, shorter-course first-line regimens for TB are likely to be cost-effective or cost-saving in most settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Owens
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Li YH, Fu HG, Su F, Gao LM, Tang S, Bi CW, Li YH, Wang YX, Song DQ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 8-substituted protoberberine derivatives as a novel class of antitubercular agents. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:117. [PMID: 23837573 PMCID: PMC3712002 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has heightened the need for new chemical classes and innovative strategies to tackle TB infections. It is urgent to discover new classes of molecules without cross-resistance with currently used antimycobacterial drugs. Results Eighteen new 8-substituted protoberberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-mycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strain H37Rv. Among them, compound 7g was the most effective antitubercular agent with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 μg/mL. Moreover, it also afforded a potent antitubercular effect against clinically isolated MDR strains of M. tuberculosis with MICs ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 μg/mL, suggesting a novel mode of action. Conclusions The structure−activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that introduction of a substituent at the 8-position in pseudoprotoberberine, especially an n-decyl, could significantly enhance the anti-TB activity. We consider 8-n-decylberberines to be a novel family of anti-tubercular agents with an advantage of inhibiting MDR strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Duffell KM, Hudson SA, McLean KJ, Munro AW, Abell C, Matak-Vinković D. Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometric Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP121–Ligand Interactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5707-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400236z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Duffell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sean A. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J. McLean
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester
M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Munro
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester
M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dijana Matak-Vinković
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Phillips PPJ, Fielding K, Nunn AJ. An evaluation of culture results during treatment for tuberculosis as surrogate endpoints for treatment failure and relapse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63840. [PMID: 23667677 PMCID: PMC3648512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that new regimens are urgently needed for the treatment of tuberculosis. The primary endpoint in the Phase III trials is a composite outcome of failure at the end of treatment or relapse after stopping treatment. Such trials are usually both long and expensive. Valid surrogate endpoints measured during or at the end of treatment could dramatically reduce both the time and cost of assessing the effectiveness of new regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate sputum culture results on solid media during treatment as surrogate endpoints for poor outcome. Data were obtained from twelve randomised controlled trials conducted by the British Medical Research Council in the 1970s and 80s in East Africa and East Asia, consisting of 6974 participants and 49 different treatment regimens. The month two culture result was shown to be a poor surrogate in East Africa but a good surrogate in Hong Kong. In contrast, the month three culture was a good surrogate in trials conducted in East Africa but not in Hong Kong. As well as differences in location, ethnicity and probable strain of Mycobacteria tuberculosis, Hong Kong trials more often evaluated regimens with rifampicin throughout and intermittent regimens, and patients in East African trials more often presented with extensive cavitation and were slower to convert to culture negative during treatment. An endpoint that is a summary measure of the longitudinal profile of culture results over time or that is able to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis later in treatment is more likely to be a better endpoint for a phase II trial than a culture result at a single time point and may prove to be an acceptable surrogate. More data are needed before any endpoint can be used as a surrogate in a confirmatory phase III trial.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 13-n-nonylprotoberberine derivatives as antitubercular agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Arvind A, Kumar V, Saravanan P, Mohan CG. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics and inhibitor binding study on MurD ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Interdiscip Sci 2013; 4:223-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-012-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Suresh Kumar GV, Rajendra Prasad Y, Chandrashekar SM. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some novel 4-isopropyl thiazole-based sulfonyl derivatives as potent antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vergelli C, Cilibrizzi A, Crocetti L, Graziano A, Dal Piaz V, Wan B, Wang Y, Franzblau S, Giovannoni MP. Synthesis and Evaluation as Antitubercular Agents of 5-Arylethenyl and 5-(Hetero)aryl-3-Isoxazolecarboxylate. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vergelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
| | - Alessia Graziano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
| | - Vittorio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60612; USA
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60612; USA
| | - Scott Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60612; USA
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; University of Florence; via Ugo Schiff 6; 50019; Sesto Fiorentino,; Florence; Italy
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Wang Y, Fu H, Li Y, Jiang J, Song D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-substituted berberine derivatives as novel anti-mycobacterial agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Field SK, Fisher D, Jarand JM, Cowie RL. New treatment options for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2012; 6:255-68. [PMID: 22763676 DOI: 10.1177/1753465812452193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of effective treatments, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem. TB continues to infect new victims and kills nearly 2 million people annually. The problem is much greater in resource-limited countries but is present worldwide. Inadequate public health resources, cost, the obligatory long treatment period, and adverse drug effects contribute to treatment failures and relapses. Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains arise spontaneously and are propagated by inadequate treatment. According to World Health Organization global data, 17% of MTB strains in new, previously untreated cases are resistant to at least one drug. Approximately, 3.3% of new MTB cases are resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin, also called multidrug resistant (MDR), and rates of MDR-TB are greater than 60% in previously treated patients in some countries. Approximately 5% of cases of MDR-TB are also resistant to fluoroquinolones and to injectable drugs, and are called extensively drug resistant (XDR). Recently, XDR strains have been isolated that are also resistant to all standard second-line anti-TB medications. Successful drug treatment of TB with complex resistance profiles is virtually impossible with currently available drugs. There is a desperate need for new compounds that cure strains resistant to currently available drugs and for drugs that are better tolerated and will shorten treatment regimens. In the short term, new strategies for the management of drug-resistant TB with currently available drugs are being explored. These include the use of high-dose isoniazid, substitution of rifabutin in a small proportion of rifampin-resistant cases, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and phenothiazines. A number of novel drugs are undergoing clinical testing and will hopefully be available in the near future. These include the newer oxazolidinones, diarylquinolines, nitroimidazopyrans, ethenylenediamines, pyrroles, and benzothiazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Field
- Health Science Centre, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi; 110007; India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi; 110007; India
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Merle CSC, Sismanidis C, Sow OB, Gninafon M, Horton J, Lapujade O, Lo MB, Mitchinson DA, Perronne C, Portaels F, Odhiambo J, Olliaro P, Rustomjee R, Lienhardt C, Fielding K. A pivotal registration phase III, multicenter, randomized tuberculosis controlled trial: design issues and lessons learnt from the Gatifloxacin for TB (OFLOTUB) project. Trials 2012; 13:61. [PMID: 22607233 PMCID: PMC3528451 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been no major advances in tuberculosis (TB) drug development since the first East African/British Medical Research Council short course chemotherapy trial 35 years ago. Since then, the landscape for conducting TB clinical trials has profoundly changed with the emergence of HIV infection, the spread of resistant TB bacilli strains, recent advances in mycobacteriological capacity, and drug discovery. As a consequence questions have arisen on the most appropriate approach to design and conduct current TB trials. To highlight key issues discussed: Is a superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority design most appropriate? What should be the primary efficacy outcome? How to consider re-infections in the definition of the outcome? What is the optimal length of patient follow-up? Is blinding appropriate when treatment duration in test arm is shorter? What are the appropriate assumptions for sample size calculation? Methods Various drugs are currently in the development pipeline. We are presenting in this paper the design of the most recently completed phase III TB trial, the OFLOTUB project, which is the pivotal trial of a registration portfolio for a gatifloxacin-containing TB regimen. It is a randomized, open-label, multicenter, controlled trial aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a gatifloxacin-containing 4-month regimen (trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov database: NCT00216385). Results In the light of the recent scientific and regulatory discussions, we discuss some of the design issues in TB clinical trials and more specifically the reasons that guided our choices, in order to best answer the trial objectives, while at the same time satisfying regulatory authority requirements. Conclusion When shortening TB treatment, we are advocating for a non-inferiority, non-blinded design, with a composite unfavorable endpoint assessed 12 months post treatment completion, and added trial procedures specifically aiming to: (1) minimize endpoint unavailability; and (2) distinguish between relapse and re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S C Merle
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Tropical Epidemiological Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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41
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Liu YX, Xiao CL, Wang YX, Li YH, Yang YH, Li YB, Bi CW, Gao LM, Jiang JD, Song DQ. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and in vitro anti-mycobacterial evaluation of 13-n-octylberberine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:151-8. [PMID: 22503208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight new 13-n-octylberberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their activities against drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strain H(37)Rv. Among these compounds, compound 16e was the most effective anti-tubercular agent with a MIC value of 0.125 μg/mL. Importantly, compound 16e exhibited more potent effect against rifampicin (RIF)- and isoniazid (INH)-resistant M. tuberculosis strains than both RIF and INH, suggesting a new mechanism of action. Therefore, it has been selected as a drug candidate for further investigation, or as a chemical probe for identifying protein target and studying tuberculosis biology. We consider 13-n-octylberberine analogs to be a promising novel class of antituberculars against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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42
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Goldberg DE, Siliciano RF, Jacobs WR. Outwitting evolution: fighting drug-resistant TB, malaria, and HIV. Cell 2012; 148:1271-83. [PMID: 22424234 PMCID: PMC3322542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although caused by vastly different pathogens, the world's three most serious infectious diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV-1 infection, share the common problem of drug resistance. The pace of drug development has been very slow for tuberculosis and malaria and rapid for HIV-1. But for each disease, resistance to most drugs has appeared quickly after the introduction of the drug. Learning how to manage and prevent resistance is a major medical challenge that requires an understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of each pathogen. This Review summarizes the similarities and differences in the evolution of drug resistance for these three pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Goldberg
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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43
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Karuvalam RP, Haridas KR, Nayak SK, Row TNG, Rajeesh P, Rishikesan R, Kumari NS. Design, synthesis of some new (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester derivatives as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:172-82. [PMID: 22280817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester (5a-t) derivatives were synthesized in good yields and characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 5a was evidenced by X-ray diffraction study. The compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial, antifungal activity and were screened for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. The synthesized compounds displayed interesting antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith P Karuvalam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kannur University, Payyanur Campus, Kannur, Kerala, India
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Osman K, Evangelopoulos D, Basavannacharya C, Gupta A, McHugh TD, Bhakta S, Gibbons S. An antibacterial from Hypericum acmosepalum inhibits ATP-dependent MurE ligase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 39:124-9. [PMID: 22079533 PMCID: PMC3657136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a project to characterise new antibacterial chemotypes from plants, hyperenone A and hypercalin B were isolated from the hexane and chloroform extracts of the aerial parts of Hypericum acmosepalum. The structures of both compounds were characterised by extensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and were confirmed by mass spectrometry. Hyperenone A and hypercalin B exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibition concentration ranges of 2–128 mg/L and 0.5–128 mg/L, respectively. Hyperenone A also showed growth-inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium bovis BCG at 75 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Neither hyperenone A nor hypercalin B inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and both were non-toxic to cultured mammalian macrophage cells. Both compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the ATP-dependent MurE ligase of M. tuberculosis, a crucial enzyme in the cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Hyperenone A inhibited MurE selectively, whereas hypercalin B did not have any effect on enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijo Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Thomas K, Adhikari AV, Telkar S, Chowdhury IH, Mahmood R, Pal NK, Row G, Sumesh E. Design, synthesis and docking studies of new quinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5283-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Li YB, Xie YY, Du NN, Lu Y, Xu HZ, Wang B, Yu Y, Liu YX, Song DQ, Chen RX. Synthesis and in vitro antitubercular evaluation of novel sansanmycin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6804-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Dogra M, Palmer BD, Bashiri G, Tingle MD, Shinde SS, Anderson RF, O'Toole R, Baker EN, Denny WA, Helsby NA. Comparative bioactivation of the novel anti-tuberculosis agent PA-824 in Mycobacteria and a subcellular fraction of human liver. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:226-36. [PMID: 20955364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PA-824 is a 2-nitroimidazooxazine prodrug currently in Phase II clinical trial for tuberculosis therapy. It is bioactivated by a deazaflavin (F(420) )-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn) isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to form a des-nitro metabolite. This releases toxic reactive nitrogen species which may be responsible for its anti-mycobacterial activity. There are no published reports of mammalian enzymes bioactivating this prodrug. We have investigated the metabolism of PA-824 following incubation with a subcellular fraction of human liver, in comparison with purified Ddn, M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PA-824 (250 µM) was incubated with the 9000 × g supernatant (S9) of human liver homogenates, purified Ddn, M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis for metabolite identification by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. KEY RESULTS PA-824 was metabolized to seven products by Ddn and M. tuberculosis, with the major metabolite being the des-nitro product. Six of these products, but not the des-nitro metabolite, were also detected in M. smegmatis. In contrast, only four of these metabolites were observed in human liver S9; M3, a reduction product previously proposed as an intermediate in the Ddn-catalyzed des-nitrification and radiolytic reduction of PA-824; two unidentified metabolites, M1 and M4, which were products of M3; and a haem-catalyzed product of imidazole ring hydration (M2). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PA-824 was metabolized by des-nitrification in Ddn and M. tuberculosis, but this does not occur in human liver S9 and M. smegmatis. Thus, PA-824 was selectively bioactivated in M. tuberculosis and there was no evidence for 'cross-activation' by human enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dogra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of prodrugs of indeno[2,1-c]quinoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1306-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Biava M, Porretta GC, Poce G, Battilocchio C, Alfonso S, de Logu A, Manetti F, Botta M. Developing pyrrole-derived antimycobacterial agents: a rational lead optimization approach. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:593-9. [PMID: 21341373 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) represents a never-ending challenge toward which research efforts are needed. Drug resistance is the key problem that scientists in the field need to fight. The development of new drugs endowed with novel modes of action against different biological targets is of extreme importance; these new agents should also exhibit lower toxicity compared with the anti-TB drugs currently available. Furthermore, new drugs should be inexpensive since most of the TB-infected population lives in developing nations. In the last few years, numerous researchers have focused their attention on TB, leading to the discovery of some interesting compounds. Among these, the pyrrole-derived compounds we developed can be considered very promising antimycobacterial agents. Aided by molecular modeling studies, we synthesized numerous compounds characterized by the same 1,5-diarylpyrrole scaffold and elucidated very interesting antitubercular/antimycobacterial properties. Some compounds identified are extremely promising and represent a step towards the design of novel lead structures in the fight against TB. Our efforts to this end are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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