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Xiu CD, Ying LX, Chun HY, Fu LJ. Advances in CD247. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13170. [PMID: 35388926 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CD247, which is also known as CD3ζ, CD3H, CD3Q, CD3Z, IMD25, T3Z, and TCRZ, encodes CD3ζ protein, which is expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) and T cells. Since the discovery of the ζ peptide in 1986, it has been continuously investigated. In this paper, we review the composition, molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors of CD247 expression in T cells; and review the autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases associated with CD247, providing a detailed and comprehensive reference for further research on the mechanism of CD247 and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen De Xiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Xian Ying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Ying Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Open Biol 2021; 11:210216. [PMID: 34753323 PMCID: PMC8580465 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can mediate immune dysfunction and exhaustion during the course of infection. Chronic immune activation, after HIV infection, seems to be a key driving force of such unwanted consequences, which in turn worsens the pathological status. In such cases, the immune system is programmed to initiate responses that counteract unwanted immune activation, for example through the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the expansion of immune suppressor cells in the setting of systemic chronic immune activation, in theory, is expected to contain immune activation, HIV infection is still associated with a remarkably high level of biomarkers of immune activation. Paradoxically, the expansion of immune suppressor cells during HIV infection can suppress potent anti-viral immune responses, which in turn contribute to viral persistence and disease progression. This indicates that HIV hijacks not only immune activation but also the immune regulatory responses to its advantage. In this work, we aim to pave the way to comprehend how such unwanted expansion of MDSCs could participate in the pathology of acute/primary and chronic HIV infection in humans, as well as simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques, according to the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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In HIV-positive patients, myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce T-cell anergy by suppressing CD3ζ expression through ELF-1 inhibition. AIDS 2015; 29:2397-407. [PMID: 26355672 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During HIV infection, a down-modulation of CD3ζ was found on T cells, contributing to T-cell anergy. In this work, we studied the correlation between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) frequency and T-cell CD3ζ expression. Moreover, we investigated the mechanisms of CD3ζ decrease exploited by MDSC. DESIGN AND METHOD CD3ζ expression and MDSC frequency were evaluated by flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 105 HIV-positive (HIV+) patients. The role of MDSC in the modulation of the HIV-specific T-cell response was evaluated. The level of CD3ζ mRNA and ELF-1 protein were analysed by real-time-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS We found that granulocytic-MDSC (Gr-MDSC) were expanded in HIV+ patients compared with healthy donors; in particular, in cART-treated individuals a higher Gr-MDSC frequency was observed in patients with a CD4 T-cell count below 400 cells/μl. We found an inverse correlation between the percentage of Gr-MDSC and CD3ζ level. Moreover, in-vitro MDSC depletion induced the up-regulation of CD3ζ in T cells, restoring the functionality of αβ, but not γδ T cells. The in-vitro effect of isolated MDSC on CD3ζ expression was found cell contact-dependent, and was not mediated by previously described molecules. CD3ζ down-modulation corresponds to the decrease of its mRNA induced by silencing the transcription factor ELF-1. CONCLUSION Our data provide new knowledge on mechanisms used by Gr-MDSC in immune-modulation and on their role in the immune reconstitution during antiviral treatments.
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Cimini E, Agrati C, D’Offizi G, Vlassi C, Casetti R, Sacchi A, Lionetti R, Bordoni V, Tumino N, Scognamiglio P, Martini F. Primary and Chronic HIV Infection Differently Modulates Mucosal Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-Cells Differentiation Profile and Effector Functions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129771. [PMID: 26086523 PMCID: PMC4472518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated immune system has been identified as a major battlefield during the early phases of HIV infection. γδ T-cells, deeply affected in number and function after HIV infection, are able to act as a first line of defence against invading pathogens by producing antiviral soluble factors and by killing infected cells. Despite the relevant role in mucosal immunity, few data are available on gut-associated γδ T-cells during HIV infection. Aim of this work was to evaluate how primary (P-HIV) and chronic (C-HIV) HIV infection affects differentiation profile and functionality of circulating and gut-associated Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-cells. In particular, circulating and mucosal cells were isolated from respectively whole blood and residual gut samples from HIV-infected subjects with primary and chronic infection and from healthy donors (HD). Differentiation profile and functionality were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry. P-HIV and C-HIV were characterized by an increase in the frequency of effector Vδ1-T cells both in circulating and mucosal compartments. Moreover, during P-HIV mucosal Vδ1 T-cells expressed high levels of CD107a, suggesting a good effector cytotoxic capability of these cells in the early phase of infection that was lost in C-HIV. P-HIV induced an increase in circulating effector Vδ2 T-cells in comparison to C-HIV and HD. Notably, P-HIV as well as HD were characterized by the ability of mucosal Vδ2 T-cells to spontaneously produce IFN-γ that was lost in C-HIV. Altogether, our data showed for the first time a functional capability of mucosal Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-cells during P-HIV that was lost in C-HIV, suggesting exhaustion mechanisms induced by persistent stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cimini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianpiero D’Offizi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Chrysoula Vlassi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lionetti
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scognamiglio
- Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Martini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
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HIV infection of monocytes-derived dendritic cells inhibits Vγ9Vδ2 T cells functions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111095. [PMID: 25340508 PMCID: PMC4207784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DCs act as sentinel cells against incoming pathogens and represent the most potent antigen presenting cells, having the unique capability to prime naïve T cells. In addition to their role in induction of adaptive immune responses, DC are also able to activate innate cells as γδ T cells; in particular, a reciprocal crosstalk between DC and γδ T cells was demonstrated. However, whether HIV infection may alter DC-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells cross-talk was not yet described. To clarify this issue, we cultured activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with HIV infected monocyte derived DC (MoDC). After 5 days we evaluated MoDC phenotype, and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activation and proliferation. In our model, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were not able to proliferate in response to HIV-infected MoDC, although an up-regulation of CD69 was observed. Upon phosphoantigens stimulation, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation and cytokine production were inhibited when cultured with HIV-infected MoDC in a cell-contact dependent way. Moreover, HIV-infected MoDC are not able to up-regulate CD86 molecules when cultured with activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, compared with uninfected MoDC. Further, activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are not able to induce HLA DR up-regulation and CCR5 down-regulation on HIV-infected MoDC. These data indicate that HIV-infected DC alter the capacity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to respond to their antigens, pointing out a new mechanisms of induction of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells anergy carried out by HIV, that could contribute to immune evasion.
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Cimini E, Bonnafous C, Bordoni V, Lalle E, Sicard H, Sacchi A, Berno G, Gioia C, D’Offizi G, Visco Comandini U, Vlassi C, Capobianchi MR, Martini F, Agrati C. Interferon-α improves phosphoantigen-induced Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells interferon-γ production during chronic HCV infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37014. [PMID: 22629350 PMCID: PMC3358305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic HCV infection, treatment failure and defective host immune response highly demand improved therapy strategies. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells may inhibit HCV replication in vitro through IFN-γ release after Phosphoantigen (PhAg) stimulation. The aim of our work was to analyze Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell functionality during chronic HCV infection, studying the role of IFN-α on their function capability. IFN-γ production by Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells was analyzed in vitro in 24 HCV-infected patients and 35 healthy donors (HD) after PhAg stimulation with or without IFN-α. The effect of in vivo PhAg/IFN-α administration on plasma IFN-γ levels was analyzed in M. fascicularis monkeys. A quantitative analysis of IFN-γ mRNA level and stability in Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells was also evaluated. During chronic HCV infection, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells showed an effector/activated phenotype and were significantly impaired in IFN-γ production. Interestingly, IFN-α was able to improve their IFN-γ response to PhAg both in vitro in HD and HCV-infected patients, and in vivo in Macaca fascicularis primates. Finally, IFN-α increased IFN-γ-mRNA transcription and stability in PhAg-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Altogether our results show a functional impairment of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells during chronic HCV infection that can be partially restored by using IFN-α. A study aimed to evaluate the antiviral impact of PhAg/IFN-α combination may provide new insight in designing possible combined strategies to improve HCV infection treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cimini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Bordoni
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Berno
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Gioia
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero D’Offizi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Visco Comandini
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Chrysoula Vlassi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Martini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
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Cornwell WD, Rogers TJ. Uncoupling of T cell receptor zeta chain function during the induction of anergy by the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1704-17. [PMID: 22069657 PMCID: PMC3153262 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins have immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we show that Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) induces a strong proliferative response in a murine T cell clone independent of MHC class II bearing cells. SEA stimulation also induces a state of hypo-responsiveness (anergy). We characterized the components of the T cell receptor (TCR) during induction of anergy by SEA. Most interestingly, TCR zeta chain phosphorylation was absent under SEA anergizing conditions, which suggests an uncoupling of zeta chain function. We characterize here a model system for studying anergy in the absence of confounding costimulatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Cornwell
- FELS Institute, Temple University School of Medicine, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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