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Bruninga‐Socolar B, Socolar JB, Konzmann S, Lunau K. Pollinator-mediated plant coexistence requires high levels of pollinator specialization. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10349. [PMID: 37539071 PMCID: PMC10394160 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In pollen-limited plant communities, the foraging behavior of pollinators might mediate coexistence and competitive exclusion of plant species by determining which plants receive conspecific pollen. A key question is whether realistic pollinator foraging behavior promotes coexistence or exclusion of plant species. We use a simulation model to understand how pollinator foraging behavior impacts the coexistence dynamics of pollen-limited plants. To determine whether pollinators are likely to provide a biologically important coexistence mechanism, we compare our results to bee foraging data from the literature and from a novel experimental analysis. Model results indicate that strong specialization at the level of individual foraging paths is required to promote coexistence. However, few empirical studies have robustly quantified within-bout specialization. Species-level data suggest that foraging behavior is sufficient to permit pollinator-mediated coexistence in species-poor plant communities and possibly in diverse communities where congeneric plants co-occur. Our experiments using bumblebees show that individual-level specialization does exist, but not at levels sufficient to substantially impact coexistence dynamics. The literature on specialization within natural foraging paths suffers from key limitations, but overall suggests that pollinator-mediated coexistence should be rare in diverse plant communities.
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2
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James ARM. Inter-annual facilitation via pollinator support arises with species-specific germination rates in a model of plant-pollinator communities. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221485. [PMID: 36629102 PMCID: PMC9832543 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitation is likely important for understanding community diversity dynamics, but its myriad potential mechanisms are under-investigated. Studies of pollinator-mediated facilitation in plants, for example, are typically focused on how co-flowering species facilitate each other's pollination within a season. However, pollinator-mediated facilitation could also arise in the form of inter-annual pollination support, where co-occurring plant populations mutually facilitate each other by providing dynamic stability to support a pollinator population through time. In this work, I test this hypothesis with simulation models of annual flowering plant and bee pollinator populations to determine if and how inter-annual pollination support affects the persistence and/or stability of simulated communities. Two-species plant communities persisted at higher rates than single-species communities, and facilitation was strongest in communities with low mean germination rates and highly species-specific responses to environmental variation. Single-species communities were often more stable than their counterparts, likely because of survivorship-persistent single-species communities were necessarily more stable through time to support pollinators. This work shows that competition and facilitation can simultaneously affect plant population dynamics. It also importantly identifies key features of annual plant communities that might exhibit inter-annual pollination support- those with low germination rates and species-specific responses to variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrie R. M. James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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3
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Gaiarsa MP, Bascompte J. Hidden effects of habitat restoration on the persistence of pollination networks. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2132-2141. [PMID: 36006740 PMCID: PMC9804604 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Past and recent studies have focused on the effects of global change drivers such as species invasions on species extinction. However, as we enter the United Nations Decade of Ecosystem Restoration the aim must switch to understanding how invasive-species management affects the persistence of the remaining species in a community. Focusing on plant-pollinator interactions, we test how species persistence is affected by restoration via the removal of invasive plant species. Restoration had a clear positive effect on plant persistence, whereas there was no difference between across treatments for pollinator persistence in the early season, but a clear effect in late season, with higher persistence in unrestored sites. Network structure affected only pollinator persistence, while centrality had a strong positive effect on both plants and pollinators. Our results suggest a hidden effect of invasive plants-although they may compete with native plant species, invasive plants may provide important resources for pollinators, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia P. Gaiarsa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of California, MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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4
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Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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McPeek MA, McPeek SJ, Bronstein JL. Nectar dynamics and the coexistence of two plants that share a pollinator. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. McPeek
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
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8
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Multiple effects of mutualistic ants improve the performance of a neotropical ant-plant: A long-term study with the Cecropia-Azteca system. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Hale KRS, Valdovinos FS. Ecological theory of mutualism: Robust patterns of stability and thresholds in two-species population models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17651-17671. [PMID: 35003630 PMCID: PMC8717353 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, provide important ecosystem services, and involve many species of interest for conservation. Theoretical progress on the population dynamics of mutualistic interactions, however, comparatively lagged behind that of trophic and competitive interactions, leading to the impression that ecologists still lack a generalized framework to investigate the population dynamics of mutualisms. Yet, over the last 90 years, abundant theoretical work has accumulated, ranging from abstract to detailed. Here, we review and synthesize historical models of two-species mutualisms. We find that population dynamics of mutualisms are qualitatively robust across derivations, including levels of detail, types of benefit, and inspiring systems. Specifically, mutualisms tend to exhibit stable coexistence at high density and destabilizing thresholds at low density. These dynamics emerge when benefits of mutualism saturate, whether due to intrinsic or extrinsic density dependence in intraspecific processes, interspecific processes, or both. We distinguish between thresholds resulting from Allee effects, low partner density, and high partner density, and their mathematical and conceptual causes. Our synthesis suggests that there exists a robust population dynamic theory of mutualism that can make general predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R. S. Hale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Fernanda S. Valdovinos
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Wei N, Kaczorowski RL, Arceo-Gómez G, O'Neill EM, Hayes RA, Ashman TL. Pollinators contribute to the maintenance of flowering plant diversity. Nature 2021; 597:688-692. [PMID: 34497416 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that favour rare species are key to the maintenance of diverse communities1-3. One of the most critical tasks for conservation of flowering plant biodiversity is to understand how plant-pollinator interactions contribute to the maintenance of rare species4-7. Here we show that niche partitioning in pollinator use and asymmetric facilitation confer fitness advantage of rarer species in a biodiversity hotspot using phylogenetic structural equation modelling that integrates plant-pollinator and interspecific pollen transfer networks with floral functional traits. Co-flowering species filtered pollinators via floral traits, and rarer species showed greater pollinator specialization leading to higher pollination-mediated male and female fitness than more abundant species. When plants shared pollinator resources, asymmetric facilitation via pollen transport dynamics benefitted the rarer species at the cost of more abundant species, serving as an alternative diversity-promoting mechanism. Our results emphasize the importance of community-wide plant-pollinator interactions that affect reproduction for biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH, USA.
| | - Rainee L Kaczorowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Peralta G, Stouffer DB, Bringa EM, Vázquez DP. No such thing as a free lunch: interaction costs and the structure and stability of mutualistic networks. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Inst. Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET Mendoza Argentina
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Eduardo M. Bringa
- CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Univ. de Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ Mayor Chile
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Inst. Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ. Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
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12
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Johnson CA, Bronstein JL. Coexistence and competitive exclusion in mutualism. Ecology 2019; 100:e02708. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona P.O. Box 210088 Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Judith L. Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona P.O. Box 210088 Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
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13
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Revilla TA, Křivan V. Competition, trait–mediated facilitation, and the structure of plant–pollinator communities. J Theor Biol 2018; 440:42-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Lettow MC, Brudvig LA, Bahlai CA, Gibbs J, Jean RP, Landis DA. Bee community responses to a gradient of oak savanna restoration practices. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. Lettow
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University, 578 Wilson Road East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
| | - Lars A. Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
| | - Christie A. Bahlai
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Robert P. Jean
- Environmental Solutions & Innovations, Inc., 1811 Executive Dr., Suites C‐D Indianapolis IN 46241 U.S.A
| | - Douglas A. Landis
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University, 578 Wilson Road East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
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15
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Dormann CF, Fründ J, Schaefer HM. Identifying Causes of Patterns in Ecological Networks: Opportunities and Limitations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological networks depict the interactions between species, mainly based on observations in the field. The information contained in such interaction matrices depends on the sampling design, and typically, compounds preferences (specialization) and abundances (activity). Null models are the primary vehicles to disentangle the effects of specialization from those of sampling and abundance, but they ignore the feedback of network structure on abundances. Hence, network structure, as exemplified here by modularity, is difficult to link to specific causes. Indeed, various processes lead to modularity and to specific interaction patterns more generally. Inferring (co)evolutionary dynamics is even more challenging, as competition and trait matching yield identical patterns of interactions. A satisfactory resolution of the underlying factors determining network structure will require substantial additional information, not only on independently assessed abundances, but also on traits, and ideally on fitness consequences as measured in experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
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16
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Geslin B, Gauzens B, Baude M, Dajoz I, Fontaine C, Henry M, Ropars L, Rollin O, Thébault E, Vereecken N. Massively Introduced Managed Species and Their Consequences for Plant–Pollinator Interactions. ADV ECOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Benadi G. Requirements for plant coexistence through pollination niche partitioning. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.0117. [PMID: 26108627 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions are often thought to have been a decisive factor in the diversification of flowering plants, but to be of little or no importance for the maintenance of existing plant diversity. In a recent opinion paper, Pauw (2013 Trends Ecol. Evol. 28, 30-37. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.019)) challenged this view by proposing a mechanism of diversity maintenance based on pollination niche partitioning. In this article, I investigate under which conditions the mechanism suggested by Pauw can promote plant coexistence, using a mathematical model of plant and pollinator population dynamics. Numerical simulations show that this mechanism is most effective when the costs of searching for flowers are low, pollinator populations are strongly limited by resources other than pollen and nectar, and plant-pollinator interactions are sufficiently specialized. I review the empirical literature on these three requirements, discuss additional factors that may be important for diversity maintenance through pollination niche partitioning, and provide recommendations on how to detect this coexistence mechanism in natural plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Benadi
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstrasse 4, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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18
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Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Blüthgen N. Integrating network ecology with applied conservation: a synthesis and guide to implementation. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv076. [PMID: 26162897 PMCID: PMC4564002 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ecological networks are a useful tool to study the complexity of biotic interactions at a community level. Advances in the understanding of network patterns encourage the application of a network approach in other disciplines than theoretical ecology, such as biodiversity conservation. So far, however, practical applications have been meagre. Here we present a framework for network analysis to be harnessed to advance conservation management by using plant-pollinator networks and islands as model systems. Conservation practitioners require indicators to monitor and assess management effectiveness and validate overall conservation goals. By distinguishing between two network attributes, the 'diversity' and 'distribution' of interactions, on three hierarchical levels (species, guild/group and network) we identify seven quantitative metrics to describe changes in network patterns that have implications for conservation. Diversity metrics are partner diversity, vulnerability/generality, interaction diversity and interaction evenness, and distribution metrics are the specialization indices d' and [Formula: see text] and modularity. Distribution metrics account for sampling bias and may therefore be suitable indicators to detect human-induced changes to plant-pollinator communities, thus indirectly assessing the structural and functional robustness and integrity of ecosystems. We propose an implementation pathway that outlines the stages that are required to successfully embed a network approach in biodiversity conservation. Most importantly, only if conservation action and study design are aligned by practitioners and ecologists through joint experiments, are the findings of a conservation network approach equally beneficial for advancing adaptive management and ecological network theory. We list potential obstacles to the framework, highlight the shortfall in empirical, mostly experimental, network data and discuss possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Underwood N, Inouye BD, Hambäck PA. A Conceptual Framework for Associational Effects: When Do Neighbors Matter and How Would We Know? QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2014; 89:1-19. [DOI: 10.1086/674991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Wells K, Feldhaar H, O’Hara RB. Population fluctuations affect inference in ecological networks of multi-species interactions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Weiner CN, Werner M, Linsenmair KE, Blüthgen N. Land-use impacts on plant–pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines. Ecology 2014; 95:466-74. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0436.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Song Z, Feldman MW. Adaptive foraging behaviour of individual pollinators and the coexistence of co-flowering plants. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 281:20132437. [PMID: 24352943 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pollinators can play a central role in determining the structure and stability of plant communities, little is known about how their adaptive foraging behaviours at the individual level, e.g. flower constancy, structure these interactions. Here, we construct a mathematical model that integrates individual adaptive foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a community consisting of two plant species and a pollinator species. We find that adaptive foraging at the individual level, as a complementary mechanism to adaptive foraging at the species level, can further enhance the coexistence of plant species through niche partitioning between conspecific pollinators. The stabilizing effect is stronger than that of unbiased generalists when there is also strong competition between plant species over other resources, but less so than that of multiple specialist species. This suggests that adaptive foraging in mutualistic interactions can have a very different impact on the plant community structure from that in predator-prey interactions. In addition, the adaptive behaviour of individual pollinators may cause a sharp regime shift for invading plant species. These results indicate the importance of integrating individual adaptive behaviour and population dynamics for the conservation of native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Song
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Bewick S, Brosi BJ, Armsworth PR. Predicting the effect of competition on secondary plant extinctions in plant-pollinator networks. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Benadi G, Blüthgen N, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ. When can plant-pollinator interactions promote plant diversity? Am Nat 2013; 182:131-46. [PMID: 23852349 DOI: 10.1086/670942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the light of rapid losses of biodiversity worldwide, it has become more important than ever to study the factors that ensure the continued existence of diverse ecological communities. Whereas the diversity-enhancing effects of antagonistic interactions are relatively well understood, much less is known about the contribution of mutualistic interactions to biodiversity maintenance. This study assesses the influence of mutualistic interactions with pollinators on the diversity of plant communities with alternative means of reproduction besides animal pollination. In contrast to a recent more general model of plant-animal mutualisms, the results of our simulations suggest that interactions with pollinators do not generally promote plant diversity, irrespective of the structure of the interaction network. Despite a potential for increased plant species richness through the positive effect of pollinators on plant birth rates, species richness was mostly negatively affected by the presence of pollinators because existing abundance asymmetries were amplified by animal pollination. Our results imply that for plant communities with alternative means of reproduction, the loss of pollinators will usually not lead to decreased diversity. However, whereas the immediate effects of pollinator loss on plant community composition may be negligible, the long-term population genetic consequences are likely to be severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Benadi
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany.
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25
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Benadi G, Blüthgen N, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ. Contrasting specialization–stability relationships in plant–animal mutualistic systems. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Bohan DA, Raybould A, Mulder C, Woodward G, Tamaddoni-Nezhad A, Bluthgen N, Pocock MJ, Muggleton S, Evans DM, Astegiano J, Massol F, Loeuille N, Petit S, Macfadyen S. Networking Agroecology. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Valdovinos FS, Moisset de Espanés P, Flores JD, Ramos-Jiliberto R. Adaptive foraging allows the maintenance of biodiversity of pollination networks. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Chaianunporn T, Hovestadt T. Evolution of dispersal in metacommunities of interacting species. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:2511-25. [PMID: 23020160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical studies on the evolution of dispersal in metacommunities are rare despite empirical evidence suggesting that interspecific interactions can modify dispersal behaviour of organisms. To understand the role of species interactions for dispersal evolution, we utilize an individual-based model of a metacommunity where local population dynamics follows a stochastic version of the Nicholson-Bailey model and dispersal probability is an evolving trait. Our results show that in comparison with a neutral system (commensalism), parasitism promotes dispersal of hosts and parasites, while mutualism tends to reduce dispersal in both partners. Search efficiency of guests (only in the case of parasitism), dispersal mortality and external extinction risk can influence the evolution of dispersal of all partners. In systems composed of two host and two guest species, lower dispersal probabilities evolve under parasitism as well as mutualism than in one host and one guest species systems. This is because of frequency-dependent modulations of dispersal benefits emerging in such systems for all partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chaianunporn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
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