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Zhang Y, Li X, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Sun L. Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8427. [PMID: 39125996 PMCID: PMC11313500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which may lead to severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. As one of the main PH disease groups, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Increased pulmonary artery resistance consequently causes right heart failure, which is the major reason for morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although various treatment strategies have been available, the poor clinical prognosis of patients with PAH reminds us that further studies of the pathological mechanism of PAH are still needed. Inflammation has been elucidated as relevant to the initiation and progression of PAH, and plays a crucial and functional role in vascular remodeling. Many immune cells and cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the pulmonary vascular lesions in PAH patients, with the activation of downstream signaling pathways related to inflammation. Consistently, this influence has been found to correlate with the progression and clinical outcome of PAH, indicating that immunity and inflammation may have significant potential in PAH therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity in PAH development, focusing on the potential targets and clinical application of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Boucetta H, Zhang L, Sosnik A, He W. Pulmonary arterial hypertension nanotherapeutics: New pharmacological targets and drug delivery strategies. J Control Release 2024; 365:236-258. [PMID: 37972767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, serious, and incurable disease characterized by high lung pressure. PAH-approved drugs based on conventional pathways are still not exhibiting favorable therapeutic outcomes. Drawbacks like short half-lives, toxicity, and teratogenicity hamper effectiveness, clinical conventionality, and long-term safety. Hence, approaches like repurposing drugs targeting various and new pharmacological cascades and/or loaded in non-toxic/efficient nanocarrier systems are being investigated lately. This review summarizes the status of conventional, repurposed, either in vitro, in vivo, and/or in clinical trials of PAH treatment. In-depth description, discussion, and classification of the new pharmacological targets and nanomedicine strategies with a description of all the nanocarriers that showed promising efficiency in delivering drugs are discussed. Ultimately, an illustration of the different nucleic acids tailored and nanoencapsulated within different types of nanocarriers to restore the pathways affected by this disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Pullamsetti SS, Sitapara R, Osterhout R, Weiss A, Carter LL, Zisman LS, Schermuly RT. Pharmacology and Rationale for Seralutinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12653. [PMID: 37628831 PMCID: PMC10454154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic hallmarks of PAH include plexiform and neointimal lesions of the pulmonary arterioles, which are composed of dysregulated, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α and β, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) are closely related kinases that have been implicated in PAH progression. In addition, emerging data indicate significant crosstalk between PDGF signaling and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor axis. This review will discuss the importance of the PDGFR-CSF1R-c-KIT signaling network in PAH pathogenesis, present evidence that the inhibition of all three nodes in this kinase network is a potential therapeutic approach for PAH, and highlight the therapeutic potential of seralutinib, currently in development for PAH, which targets these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Lung Vascular Epigenetics, Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Astrid Weiss
- UGMLC Pulmonale Pharmakotherapie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg (BFS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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4
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Wu W, Chen A, Lin S, Wang Q, Lian G, Luo L, Xie L. The identification and verification of hub genes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:474. [PMID: 36514015 PMCID: PMC9746192 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, with complex etiology, difficult treatment and poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential biomarkers for PAH based on bioinformatics analysis. METHODS The GSE117261 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by screening PAH patients and controls. Then the DEGs were analyzed using a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the key modules were determined, and to further explore their potential biological functions via Gene Ontology analysis (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway analysis (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Moreover, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub gene candidates in the key modules. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was supplied to detect the expressions of hub genes in human pulmonary arterial smooth cells treated with cobalt chloride (COCl2) which was used to mimic hypoxia. RESULTS There were 2299 DEGs identified. WGCNA indicated that yellow module was the key one correlated with PAH. GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that genes in the yellow module were mainly enriched in 'Pathways in cancer'. GSEA revealed that 'HALLMARK_MYC_TARGETS_V1' was remarkably enriched in PAH. Based on the PPI network, vascular endothelial growth factor A, proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), PNN interacting serine and arginine rich protein (PNISR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HNRNPH1) were identified as the hub genes. Additionally, the PCR indicated that the elevated expressions of PNISR and HNRNPH1 were in line with the bioinformatics analysis. ROC analysis determined that PNISR and HNRNPH1 may be potential biomarkers to provide better diagnosis of PAH. CONCLUSION PNISR and HNRNPH1 were potential biomarkers to diagnosis PAH. In summary, the identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai Chen
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siming Lin
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuran Wang
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guili Lian
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Georas SN, Wright RJ, Ivanova A, Israel E, LaVange LM, Akuthota P, Carr TF, Denlinger LC, Fajt ML, Kumar R, O'Neal WK, Phipatanakul W, Szefler SJ, Aronica MA, Bacharier LB, Burbank AJ, Castro M, Crotty Alexander L, Bamdad J, Cardet JC, Comhair SAA, Covar RA, DiMango EA, Erwin K, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaffin JM, Gaston B, Gerald LB, Hoffman EA, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, James J, Jarjour NN, Kenyon NJ, Khatri S, Kirwan JP, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, Liu AH, Liu MC, Marquis MA, Martinez F, Mey J, Moore WC, Moy JN, Ortega VE, Peden DB, Pennington E, Peters MC, Ross K, Sanchez M, Smith LJ, Sorkness RL, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR, Zein J, Zeki AA, Noel P. The Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone (PrecISE) Asthma Network: An overview of Network organization, procedures, and interventions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:488-516.e9. [PMID: 34848210 PMCID: PMC8821377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that impact disease persistence and severity. Recent progress has been made in developing targeted asthma therapeutics, especially for subjects with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is an unmet need for new approaches to treat patients with severe and exacerbation-prone asthma, who contribute disproportionately to disease burden. Extensive deep phenotyping has revealed the heterogeneous nature of severe asthma and identified distinct disease subtypes. A current challenge in the field is to translate new and emerging knowledge about different pathobiologic mechanisms in asthma into patient-specific therapies, with the ultimate goal of modifying the natural history of disease. Here, we describe the Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone Asthma (PrecISE) Network, a groundbreaking collaborative effort of asthma researchers and biostatisticians from around the United States. The PrecISE Network was designed to conduct phase II/proof-of-concept clinical trials of precision interventions in the population with severe asthma, and is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Using an innovative adaptive platform trial design, the PrecISE Network will evaluate up to 6 interventions simultaneously in biomarker-defined subgroups of subjects. We review the development and organizational structure of the PrecISE Network, and choice of interventions being studied. We hope that the PrecISE Network will enhance our understanding of asthma subtypes and accelerate the development of therapeutics for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine & Allergy & Immunology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lisa M LaVange
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Allison J Burbank
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mario Castro
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Laura Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Julie Bamdad
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim Erwin
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Design, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - John V Fahy
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Benjamin Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - John James
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Sumita Khatri
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark C Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - M Alison Marquis
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jacob Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - James N Moy
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael C Peters
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kristie Ross
- The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maria Sanchez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Ronald L Sorkness
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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Sitapara R, Lam TT, Gandjeva A, Tuder RM, Zisman LS. Phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211031109. [PMID: 34966541 PMCID: PMC8711668 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder associated with high
morbidity and mortality despite currently available treatments. We compared the
phosphoproteome of lung tissue from subjects with idiopathic PAH (iPAH) obtained
at the time of lung transplant with control lung tissue. The mass
spectrometry-based analysis found 60,428 phosphopeptide features from which 6622
proteins were identified. Within the subset of identified proteins there were
1234 phosphopeptides with q < 0.05, many of which are
involved in immune regulation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Most
notably there was a marked relative increase in phosphorylated (S378) IKZF3
(Aiolos), a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a key role in lymphocyte
regulation. In vitro phosphorylation assays indicated that GSK3 alpha and/or
GSK3 beta could phosphorylate IKZF3 at S378. Western blot analysis demonstrated
increased pIKZF3 in iPAH lungs compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry
demonstrated phosphorylated IKZF3 in lymphocytes surrounding severely
hypertrophied pulmonary arterioles. In situ hybrization showed gene expression
in lymphocyte aggregates in PAH samples. A BCL2 reporter assay showed that IKZF3
increased BCL2 promoter activity and demonstrated the potential role of
phosphorylation of IKZF3 in the regulation of BCL mediated transcription. Kinase
network analysis demonstrated potentially important regulatory roles of casein
kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), mitogen-associated protein kinases
(MAPKs), and protein kinases (PRKs) in iPAH. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated
enrichment of RhoGTPase signaling and the potential importance of cGMP-dependent
protein kinase 1 (PRKG). In conclusion, this unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis
demonstrated several novel targets regulated by kinase networks in iPAH, and
reinforced the potential role of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of iPAH.
The identified up- and down-regulated phosphoproteins have potential to serve as
biomarkers for PAH and to provide new insights for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lawrence S Zisman
- Rensselaer Center for Translational Research Inc., Troy, NY, USA.,Pulmokine Inc., Troy, NY, USA
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Mansueto G, Di Napoli M, Campobasso CP, Slevin M. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from autopsy study: T-cells, B-cells and mastocytes detection as morphological evidence of immunologically mediated pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153552. [PMID: 34352438 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by severe vascular remodelling, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the diagnosis of PAH is often inaccurate. Many cases of PAH are incorrectly diagnosed or missed, and they are often associated with death. The aim of this study was to verify the morphological and histological criteria of fatal cases of PAH and evaluate the lymphocytic populations associated to lesions with reactive neo-angiogenesis. METHODS Pulmonary lung sections from 10 cases of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in the absence of previously diagnosed diseases and in an apparent state of well-being, with final histological post autopsy diagnosis of PAH were collected. The pathological findings were compared using ten controls from non-pathological lung from deaths from other causes. The autopsies included 4 males (40%) and 6 females (60%) with an average age of 52.1 ± 10.1 years. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were revised for a morphological diagnosis. Subsequently, serial sections were performed and stained with immunohistochemistry for anti-CD20 (B-lymphocytes), anti-CD3 (T-lymphocytes), anti-CD4 (T-helper lumphocytes), anti-CD8 (T-cytotoxic lymphocytes) and anti-CD117/C-Kit (mast cells/MCs) to detect inflammatory infiltrate and different ratios of cell-type. Statistical analysis was conducted using a paired t-test looking at 100 cells in 3 different tissue samples representative of vascular lesion and 3 different random normal lung parenchyma fields without lesion (from 10 normal control lungs), to identify specific lymphocyte subpopulations in inflammatory infiltrates. RESULTS There was a significant percentage increase of CD20 (p < 0.001), CD8 (p = 0.002), CD4 (p < 0.001), and CD117/C-Kit positive (C-Kit+; p < 0.001) cells mainly detected around wall vessels; while increased MCs positivity and C-Kit+ were observed especially in alveolar septa. In addition, reactive angiomatosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory infiltrate should be included for a correct diagnosis of PAH besides the vascular remodelling. The inflammatory infiltrate seems to be implicated as a main factor in the pathogenesis. This finding is important to rule out secondary pulmonary hypertension, to identify SUDs of unknown causes and to add new elements to the literature that can explain the immunologically related pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Medical and SurgicalSciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"; Clinical Department of Laboratory Services and Public Health, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Clinical Department of Laboratory Services and Public Health, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario Di Napoli
- Neurological Service, SS Annunziata Hospital, Viale Mazzini 100 Sulmona, 67039 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pietro Campobasso
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Services and Public Health, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mark Slevin
- Departmentof Life Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom; University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Scienceand Technology, W1G 7ET Târgu Mures, Romania.
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9
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Zeng Y, Li N, Zheng Z, Chen R, Liu W, Cheng J, Zhu J, Zeng M, Peng M, Hong C. Screening of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2576-2591. [PMID: 34233597 PMCID: PMC8806790 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1936816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen key biomarkers and investigate immune infiltration in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download three mRNA expression profiles comprising 91 PAH lung specimens and 49 normal lung specimens. Three mRNA expression datasets were combined, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were performed using the STRING and DAVID databases, respectively. The diagnostic value of hub gene expression in PAH was also analyzed. Finally, the infiltration of immune cells in PAH was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Total 182 DEGs (117 upregulated and 65 downregulated) were identified, and 15 hub genes were screened. These 15 hub genes were significantly associated with immune system functions such as myeloid leukocyte migration, neutrophil migration, cell chemotaxis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. A 7-gene-based model was constructed and had a better diagnostic value in identifying PAH tissues compared with normal controls. The immune infiltration profiles of the PAH and normal control samples were significantly different. High proportions of resting NK cells, activated mast cells, monocytes, and neutrophils were found in PAH samples, while high proportions of resting T cells CD4 memory and Macrophages M1 cell were found in normal control samples. Functional enrichment of DEGs and immune infiltration analysis between PAH and normal control samples might help to understand the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfen Cheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinru Zhu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqing Zeng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Klouda T, Yuan K. Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:351-372. [PMID: 33788202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiopulmonary disease characterized by vascular remodeling and obliteration of the precapillary pulmonary arterioles. Alterations in the structure and function of pulmonary vessels result in the resistance of blood flow and can progress to right-sided heart failure, causing significant morbidity and mortality. There are several types of PAH, and the disease can be familial or secondary to an underlying medical condition such as a connective tissue disorder or infection. Regardless of the cause, the exact pathophysiology and cellular interactions responsible for disease development and progression are largely unknown.There is significant evidence to suggest altered immune and vascular cells directly participate in disease progression. Inflammation has long been hypothesized to play a vital role in the development of PAH, as an altered or skewed immune response favoring a proinflammatory environment that can lead to the infiltration of cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Current treatment strategies focus on the dilation of partially occluded vessels; however, such techniques have not resulted in an effective strategy to reverse or prevent vascular remodeling. Therefore, current studies in human and animal models have attempted to understand the underlying pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), specifically focusing on the inflammatory cascade predisposing patients to disease so that better therapeutic targets can be developed to potentially reverse or prevent disease progression.The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of the expanding literature on the inflammatory process that participates in PH development while highlighting important and current studies in both animal and human models. While our primary focus will be on cells found in the adaptive and innate immune system, we will review all potential causes of PAH, including cells of the endothelium, pulmonary lymphatics, and genetic mutations predisposing patients. In addition, we will discuss current therapeutic options while highlighting potential future treatments and the questions that still remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Klouda
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Hu Y, Chi L, Kuebler WM, Goldenberg NM. Perivascular Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112338. [PMID: 33105588 PMCID: PMC7690279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Accumulating evidence suggests a functional role of perivascular inflammation in the initiation and/or progression of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. High levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators can be detected in PAH patients and correlate with clinical outcome. Similarly, multiple immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes characteristically accumulate around pulmonary vessels in PAH. Concomitantly, vascular and parenchymal cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts change their phenotype, resulting in altered sensitivity to inflammatory triggers and their enhanced capacity to stage inflammatory responses themselves, as well as the active secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The growing recognition of the interaction between inflammatory cells, vascular cells, and inflammatory mediators may provide important clues for the development of novel, safe, and effective immunotargeted therapies in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitäts Medizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-528-501
| | - Neil M. Goldenberg
- Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
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12
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Wu K, Tang H, Lin R, Carr SG, Wang Z, Babicheva A, Ayon RJ, Jain PP, Xiong M, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Valdez-Jasso D, Simonson TS, Desai AA, Garcia JG, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of smooth muscle platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020948470. [PMID: 33294172 PMCID: PMC7707860 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020948470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor is one of the major growth factors found in human and mammalian serum and tissues. Abnormal activation of platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway through platelet-derived growth factor receptors may contribute to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling and obliterative vascular lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we examined the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor isoforms in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and investigated whether platelet-derived growth factor secreted from pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell or pulmonary arterial endothelial cell promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Our results showed that the protein expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell was upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to normal subjects. Platelet-derived growth factor activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, as determined by phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β. The platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β was enhanced in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal cells. Expression level of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and platelet-derived growth factor-BB was greater in the conditioned media collected from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell than from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. Furthermore, incubation of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell with conditioned culture media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell induced more platelet-derived growth factor receptor α activation than in normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. Accordingly, the conditioned media from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell resulted in more pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation than the media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. These data indicate that (a) the expression and activity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, and (b) pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients secretes higher level of platelet-derived growth factor than pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from normal subjects. The enhanced secretion (and production) of platelet-derived growth factor from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell and upregulated platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression (and function) in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell may contribute to enhancing platelet-derived growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Genetics and
Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shane G. Carr
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ramon J. Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and
Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
- Department of Critical Medicine, The
Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana
University, Indinappolis, IN, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ayako Makino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Endocrinology
and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
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13
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Cool CD, Kuebler WM, Bogaard HJ, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR, Voelkel NF. The hallmarks of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: the cancer hypothesis-ten years later. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1115-L1130. [PMID: 32023082 PMCID: PMC9847334 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00476.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are most frequently the consequence of a lumen-obliterating angiopathy. One pathobiological model is that the initial pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury and apoptosis is followed by the evolution of phenotypically altered, apoptosis-resistant, proliferating cells and an inflammatory vascular immune response. Although there may be a vasoconstrictive disease component, the increased pulmonary vascular shear stress in established PAH is caused largely by the vascular wall pathology. In this review, we revisit the "quasi-malignancy concept" of severe PAH and examine to what extent the hallmarks of PAH can be compared with the hallmarks of cancer. The cancer model of severe PAH, based on the growth of abnormal vascular and bone marrow-derived cells, may enable the emergence of novel cell-based PAH treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschuetz Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Hernandez DR, Rojas MG, Martinez L, Rodriguez BL, Zigmond ZM, Vazquez-Padron RI, Lassance-Soares RM. c-Kit deficiency impairs nitric oxide signaling in smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:227-232. [PMID: 31416613 PMCID: PMC6732002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in various vascular remodeling processes and cardiovascular disease. However, their role in the regulation of vascular tone is poorly understood. Herein, we evaluate the contribution of c-Kit signaling to vasoactive responses. METHODS The vascular reactivity of mesenteric arteries was assessed under isobaric conditions in c-Kit deficient (KitW/W-v) and littermate control mice (Kit+/+) using pressure myography. Protein levels of soluble guanylyl cyclase beta 1 (sGCβ1) were quantified by Western blot. Mean arterial pressure was measured after high salt (8% NaCl) diet treatment using the tail-cuff method. RESULTS Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from c-Kit deficient mice showed a 5-fold downregulation of sGCβ1 compared to controls. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries demonstrated a predominance of prostanoid vs. nitric oxide (NO) signaling in both animal groups. The dependence on prostanoid-induced dilation was higher in c-Kit mutant mice than in controls, as indicated by a significant impairment in vasorelaxation with indomethacin with respect to the latter. Endothelium-independent relaxation showed significant dysfunction of NO signaling in c-Kit deficient SMCs compared to controls. Mesenteric artery dilation was rescued by addition of a cGMP analog, but not with a NO donor, indicating a deficiency in cGMP production in c-Kit deficient SMCs. Finally, c-Kit deficient mice developed higher blood pressure on an 8% NaCl diet compared to their control littermates. CONCLUSION c-Kit deficiency inhibits NO signaling in SMCs. The existence of this c-Kit/sGC signaling axis may be relevant for vascular reactivity and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel G Rojas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Boris L Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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15
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Austin M, Quesenberry PJ, Ventetuolo CE, Liang O, Reagan JL. Prevalence and Effect on Survival of Pulmonary Hypertension in Myelofibrosis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:593-597. [PMID: 31262666 PMCID: PMC6814397 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelofibrosis (MF), a rare disorder characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, has been implicated as a cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH). To date, studies examining this association have not looked at the impact of PH on survival in MF. We examined the relationship between MF and PH by echocardiogram (echo) using a retrospective patient database and examined the influence of PH on overall survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this single-center retrospective chart review, we identified 65 patients with biopsy-proven primary and secondary MF, 31 of whom underwent transthoracic echo. After accounting for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and left-sided or valvular heart dysfunction, which excluded 6 patients, we identified 14 patients (56%) who had echo evidence of group 5 PH (ie, PH due to unclear or multifactorial mechanisms), 8 with primary MF and 6 with secondary MF. MF patients with PH trended toward being predominantly female, being older, and less often having constitutional symptoms compared to the non-PH cohort. RESULTS There was no effect of the presence of PH on overall survival in the entire MF cohort or in any subgroup analyzed, including primary MF versus secondary MF and primary MF intermediate risk patients. CONCLUSION Given the high prevalence of MF-associated PH, there may be a larger role for routine echo screening in MF patients. Further, the underlying association between PH and MF may signify an endothelial plasticity or increased telomerase activity as part of the pathogenesis of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Austin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - John L Reagan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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16
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Lorlatinib – Induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Lung Cancer 2018; 120:60-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Haguet H, Douxfils J, Chatelain C, Graux C, Mullier F, Dogné JM. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Which Mechanism(s) May Explain the Risk of Thrombosis? TH OPEN 2018; 2:e68-e88. [PMID: 31249931 PMCID: PMC6524858 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib, the first-in-class BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), had been a revolution for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and had greatly enhanced patient survival. Second- (dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib) and third-generation (ponatinib) TKIs have been developed to be effective against BCR-ABL mutations making imatinib less effective. However, these treatments have been associated with arterial occlusive events. This review gathers clinical data and experiments about the pathophysiology of these arterial occlusive events with BCR-ABL TKIs. Imatinib is associated with very low rates of thrombosis, suggesting a potentially protecting cardiovascular effect of this treatment in patients with BCR-ABL CML. This protective effect might be mediated by decreased platelet secretion and activation, decreased leukocyte recruitment, and anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic effects. Clinical data have guided mechanistic studies toward alteration of platelet functions and atherosclerosis development, which might be secondary to metabolism impairment. Dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib affect endothelial cells and might induce atherogenesis through increased vascular permeability. Nilotinib also impairs platelet functions and induces hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia that might contribute to atherosclerosis development. Description of the pathophysiology of arterial thrombotic events is necessary to implement risk minimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Haguet
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
- QUALIblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
| | - Christian Chatelain
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Hematology, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
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18
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Reversal effects of low-dose imatinib compared with sunitinib on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary and right ventricular remodeling in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 100:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Li C, Liu P, Song R, Zhang Y, Lei S, Wu S. Immune cells and autoantibodies in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:1047-1057. [PMID: 29036539 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of immunity in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) support the notion that maladaptation of the immune response exists. Altered immunity is an increasingly recognized feature of PAH. Indeed, a delicate balance between immunity and tolerance exists and any disturbance may result in chronic inflammation or autoimmunity. This is suggested by infiltration of various immune cells (e.g. macrophages, T and B lymphocytes) in remodeled pulmonary vessels. In addition, several types of autoantibodies directed against antinuclear antigens, endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts have been found in idiopathic and systemic sclerosis-associated PAH. These autoantibodies may play an important role in EC apoptosis and in the expression of cell adhesion molecules. This review article provides an overview of immunity pathways highlighting their potential roles in pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and the possibility of future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shangjie Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cahill KN, Katz HR, Cui J, Lai J, Kazani S, Crosby-Thompson A, Garofalo D, Castro M, Jarjour N, DiMango E, Erzurum S, Trevor JL, Shenoy K, Chinchilli VM, Wechsler ME, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Israel E. KIT Inhibition by Imatinib in Patients with Severe Refractory Asthma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1911-1920. [PMID: 28514613 PMCID: PMC5568669 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1613125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are present in the airways of patients who have severe asthma despite glucocorticoid treatment; these cells are associated with disease characteristics including poor quality of life and inadequate asthma control. Stem cell factor and its receptor, KIT, are central to mast-cell homeostasis. We conducted a proof-of-principle trial to evaluate the effect of imatinib, a KIT inhibitor, on airway hyperresponsiveness, a physiological marker of severe asthma, as well as on airway mast-cell numbers and activation in patients with severe asthma. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial of imatinib in patients with poorly controlled severe asthma who had airway hyperresponsiveness despite receiving maximal medical therapy. The primary end point was the change in airway hyperresponsiveness, measured as the concentration of methacholine required to decrease the forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 20% (PC20). Patients also underwent bronchoscopy. RESULTS Among the 62 patients who underwent randomization, imatinib treatment reduced airway hyperresponsiveness to a greater extent than did placebo. At 6 months, the methacholine PC20 increased by a mean (±SD) of 1.73±0.60 doubling doses in the imatinib group, as compared with 1.07±0.60 doubling doses in the placebo group (P=0.048). Imatinib also reduced levels of serum tryptase, a marker of mast-cell activation, to a greater extent than did placebo (decrease of 2.02±2.32 vs. 0.56±1.39 ng per milliliter, P=0.02). Airway mast-cell counts declined in both groups. Muscle cramps and hypophosphatemia were more common in the imatinib group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe asthma, imatinib decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, mast-cell counts, and tryptase release. These results suggest that KIT-dependent processes and mast cells contribute to the pathobiologic basis of severe asthma. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01097694 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Cahill
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Howard R Katz
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Jing Cui
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Juying Lai
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Shamsah Kazani
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Allison Crosby-Thompson
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Denise Garofalo
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Mario Castro
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Emily DiMango
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Jennifer L Trevor
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Kartik Shenoy
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Elliot Israel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
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Zamorano JL, Lancellotti P, Rodriguez Muñoz D, Aboyans V, Asteggiano R, Galderisi M, Habib G, Lenihan DJ, Lip GYH, Lyon AR, Lopez Fernandez T, Mohty D, Piepoli MF, Tamargo J, Torbicki A, Suter TM, Zamorano JL, Aboyans V, Achenbach S, Agewall S, Badimon L, Barón‐Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Carerj S, Dean V, Erol Ç, Fitzsimons D, Gaemperli O, Kirchhof P, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Lip GYH, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Roffi M, Torbicki A, Vaz Carneiro A, Windecker S, Achenbach S, Minotti G, Agewall S, Badimon L, Bueno H, Cardinale D, Carerj S, Curigliano G, de Azambuja E, Dent S, Erol C, Ewer MS, Farmakis D, Fietkau R, Fitzsimons D, Gaemperli O, Kirchhof P, Kohl P, McGale P, Ponikowski P, Ringwald J, Roffi M, Schulz‐Menger J, Stebbing J, Steiner RK, Szmit S, Vaz Carneiro A, Windecker S. 2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 19:9-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Zamorano JL, Lancellotti P, Rodriguez Muñoz D, Aboyans V, Asteggiano R, Galderisi M, Habib G, Lenihan DJ, Lip GYH, Lyon AR, Lopez Fernandez T, Mohty D, Piepoli MF, Tamargo J, Torbicki A, Suter TM. 2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2768-2801. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1498] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Asosingh K, Farha S, Erzurum SC. Myeloid Targets for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Time for Another Look. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:384. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201603-0465le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Virk H, Arthur G, Bradding P. Mast cells and their activation in lung disease. Transl Res 2016; 174:60-76. [PMID: 26845625 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and their activation contribute to lung health via innate and adaptive immune responses to respiratory pathogens. They are also involved in the normal response to tissue injury. However, mast cells are involved in disease processes characterized by inflammation and remodeling of tissue structure. In these diseases mast cells are often inappropriately and chronically activated. There is evidence for activation of mast cells contributing to the pathophysiology of asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. They may also play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. The diverse mechanisms through which mast cells sense and interact with the external and internal microenvironment account for their role in these diseases. Newly discovered mechanisms of redistribution and interaction between mast cells, airway structural cells, and other inflammatory cells may offer novel therapeutic targets in these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Virk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Greer Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Arthur G, Bradding P. New Developments in Mast Cell Biology: Clinical Implications. Chest 2016; 150:680-93. [PMID: 27316557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are present in connective tissue and at mucosal surfaces in all classes of vertebrates. In health, they contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defense, and tissue repair via multiple receptors regulating the release of a vast stockpile of proinflammatory mediators, proteases, and cytokines. However, these potentially protective cells are a double-edged sword. When there is a repeated or long-term stimulus, MC activation leads to tissue damage and dysfunction. Accordingly, MCs are implicated in the pathophysiologic aspects of numerous diseases covering all organs. Understanding the biology of MCs, their heterogeneity, mechanisms of activation, and signaling cascades may lead to the development of novel therapies for many diseases for which current treatments are lacking or are of poor efficacy. This review will focus on updates and developments in MC biology and their clinical implications, with a particular focus on their role in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, England
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, England.
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Effect of imatinib on growth of experimental endometriosis in rats. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 197:159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Reducing Right Heart Failure Associated Mortality in Fibrotic Lung Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:929170. [PMID: 26583148 PMCID: PMC4637079 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic lung diseases carry a significant mortality burden worldwide. A large proportion of these deaths are due to right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Underlying contributory factors which appear to play a role in the mechanism of progression of right heart dysfunction include chronic hypoxia, defective calcium handling, hyperaldosteronism, pulmonary vascular alterations, cyclic strain of pressure and volume changes, elevation of circulating TGF-β, and elevated systemic NO levels. Specific therapies targeting pulmonary hypertension include calcium channel blockers, endothelin (ET-1) receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogs, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, and rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors. Newer antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents may exert beneficial effects on heart failure in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, right ventricle-targeted therapies, aimed at mitigating the effects of functional right ventricular failure, include β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antioxidants, modulators of metabolism, and 5-hydroxytryptamine-2B (5-HT2B) receptor antagonists. Newer nonpharmacologic modalities for right ventricular support are increasingly being implemented. Early, effective, and individualized therapy may prevent overt right heart failure in fibrotic lung disease leading to improved outcomes and quality of life.
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