1
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Oliveira-Filho ER, Rodionov DA, Hanson AD. Comparative Genomic and Genetic Evidence on a Role for the OarX Protein in Thiamin Salvage. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28888-28894. [PMID: 38973919 PMCID: PMC11223231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Salvage pathways for thiamin and its thiazole and pyrimidine moieties are poorly characterized compared to synthesis pathways. A candidate salvage gene is oarX, which encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. In diverse bacteria, oarX clusters on the chromosome with genes of thiamin synthesis, salvage, or transport and is preceded by a thiamin pyrophosphate riboswitch. Thiamin and its moieties can undergo oxidations that convert a side-chain hydroxymethyl group to a carboxyl group, or the thiazole ring to a thiazolone, causing a loss of biological activity. To test if OarX participates in salvage of the carboxyl or thiazolone products, we used a genetic approach in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067, which is auxotrophic for thiamin's pyrimidine moiety. This strain could not utilize the pyrimidine carboxyl derivative. This excluded a role in salvaging this product and narrowed the function search to metabolism of the carboxyl or thiazolone derivatives of thiamin or its thiazole moiety. However, a ΔthiG (thiazole auxotroph) strain was not rescued by any of these derivatives. Nor did deleting oarX affect rescue by the physiological pyrimidine and thiazole precursors of thiamin. These findings reinforce the genomic evidence that OarX has a function in thiamin metabolism and rule out five logical possibilities for what this function is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmar R. Oliveira-Filho
- Horticultural
Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Infectious
and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford
Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Horticultural
Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Edwards KA, Randall EA, Wolfe PC, Kraft CE, Angert ER. Pre-analytical challenges from adsorptive losses associated with thiamine analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10269. [PMID: 38704450 PMCID: PMC11069560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin serving in its diphosphate form as a cofactor for enzymes in the citric acid cycle and pentose-phosphate pathways. Its concentration reported in the pM and nM range in environmental and clinical analyses prompted our consideration of the components used in pre-analytical processing, including the selection of filters, filter apparatuses, and sample vials. The seemingly innocuous use of glass fiber filters, glass filter flasks, and glass vials, ubiquitous in laboratory analysis of clinical and environmental samples, led to marked thiamine losses. 19.3 nM thiamine was recovered from a 100 nM standard following storage in glass autosampler vials and only 1 nM of thiamine was obtained in the filtrate of a 100 nM thiamine stock passed through a borosilicate glass fiber filter. We further observed a significant shift towards phosphorylated derivatives of thiamine when an equimolar mixture of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate was stored in glass (most notably non-silanized glass, where a reduction of 54% of the thiamine peak area was observed) versus polypropylene autosampler vials. The selective losses of thiamine could lead to errors in interpreting the distribution of phosphorylated species in samples. Further, some loss of phosphorylated thiamine derivatives selectively to amber glass vials was observed relative to other glass vials. Our results suggest the use of polymeric filters (including nylon and cellulose acetate) and storage container materials (including polycarbonate and polypropylene) for thiamine handling. Losses to cellulose nitrate and polyethersulfone filters were far less substantial than to glass fiber filters, but were still notable given the low concentrations expected in samples. Thiamine losses were negated when thiamine was stored diluted in trichloroacetic acid or as thiochrome formed in situ, both of which are common practices, but not ubiquitous, in thiamine sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Eileen A Randall
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patricia C Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Clifford E Kraft
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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3
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Jackson C, Furnes M, Rød‐Eriksen L, Yap KN, Davey M, Fossøy F, Flagstad Ø, Eide NE, Mjøen T, Ulvund K. Subclinical thiamine deficiency results in failed reproduction in Arctic foxes. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1358. [PMID: 38356320 PMCID: PMC10867461 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency can result in life-threatening physiological and neurological complications. While a thiamine-deficient diet may result in the onset of such symptoms, the presence of thiaminase - an enzyme that breaks down thiamine - is very often the cause. In such instances, thiaminase counteracts the bioavailability and uptake of thiamine, even when food-thiamine levels are adequate. Here, we report on a case of failed reproduction in seven Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) breeding pairs kept at a captive breeding facility, including the presentation of severe thiamine deficiency symptoms in two male foxes. Symptoms included ataxia, obtundation, truncal sway, star-gazing and visual impairment. Blood tests were inconclusive, yet symptoms resolved following treatment with a series of thiamine hydrochloride injections, thereby verifying the diagnosis. A fish-dominated feed, which for the first time had been frozen for a prolonged period, was identified as the likely source of thiaminase and subsequent deterioration in the animals' health. Symptoms in the two males arose during the annual mating period. All seven breeding pairs at the captive breeding station failed to reproduce - a phenomenon never recorded during the captive breeding facility's preceding 17-year operation. Relating our findings to peer-reviewed literature, the second part of this case report assesses how thiamine deficiency (due to thiaminase activity) likely resulted in subclinical effects that impaired the production of reproduction hormones, and thereby led to a complete breeding failure. While previous work has highlighted the potentially lethal effects of thiamine deficiency in farmed foxes, this is, to our knowledge the first study showing how subclinical effects in both males and females may inhibit reproduction in foxes in general, but specifically Arctic foxes. The findings from our case report are not only relevant for captive breeding facilities, but for the welfare and management of captive carnivorous animals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Jackson
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Marianne Furnes
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Lars Rød‐Eriksen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Kang Nian Yap
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Marie Davey
- Department of Terrestrial BiodiversityNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Frode Fossøy
- Department of Aquatic BiodiversityNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Øystein Flagstad
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Toralf Mjøen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Kristine Ulvund
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
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4
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Todisco V, Fridolfsson E, Axén C, Dahlgren E, Ejsmond MJ, Hauber MM, Hindar K, Tibblin P, Zöttl M, Söderberg L, Hylander S. Thiamin dynamics during the adult life cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:807-824. [PMID: 37823583 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is an essential water-soluble B vitamin known for its wide range of metabolic functions and antioxidant properties. Over the past decades, reproductive failures induced by thiamin deficiency have been observed in several salmonid species worldwide, but it is unclear why this micronutrient deficiency arises. Few studies have compared thiamin concentrations in systems of salmonid populations with or without documented thiamin deficiency. Moreover, it is not well known whether and how thiamin concentration changes during the marine feeding phase and the spawning migration. Therefore, samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were collected when actively feeding in the open Baltic Sea, after the sea migration to natal rivers, after river migration, and during the spawning period. To compare populations of Baltic salmon with systems without documented thiamin deficiency, a population of landlocked salmon located in Lake Vänern (Sweden) was sampled as well as salmon from Norwegian rivers draining into the North Atlantic Ocean. Results showed the highest mean thiamin concentrations in Lake Vänern salmon, followed by North Atlantic, and the lowest in Baltic populations. Therefore, salmon in the Baltic Sea seem to be consistently more constrained by thiamin than those in other systems. Condition factor and body length had little to no effect on thiamin concentrations in all systems, suggesting that there is no relation between the body condition of salmon and thiamin deficiency. In our large spatiotemporal comparison of salmon populations, thiamin concentrations declined toward spawning in all studied systems, suggesting that the reduction in thiamin concentration arises as a natural consequence of starvation rather than to be related to thiamin deficiency in the system. These results suggest that factors affecting accumulation during the marine feeding phase are key for understanding the thiamin deficiency in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Todisco
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Emil Fridolfsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Axén
- Section for Fish, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Dahlgren
- Institution of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maciej J Ejsmond
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marc M Hauber
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Hindar
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petter Tibblin
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Markus Zöttl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Linda Söderberg
- Institution of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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5
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Rowland FE, Richter CA, Tillitt DE, Walters DM. Evolutionary and ecological correlates of thiaminase in fishes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18147. [PMID: 37875540 PMCID: PMC10598016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is required by all living organisms in multiple metabolic pathways. It is scarce in natural systems, and deficiency can lead to reproductive failure, neurological issues, and death. One major cause of thiamine deficiency is an overreliance on diet items containing the enzyme thiaminase. Thiaminase activity has been noted in many prey fishes and linked to cohort failure in salmonid predators that eat prey fish with thiaminase activity, yet it is generally unknown whether evolutionary history, fish traits, and/or environmental conditions lead to production of thiaminase. We conducted literature and GenBank BLAST sequence searches to collect thiaminase activity data and sequence homology data in expressed protein sequences for 300 freshwater and marine fishes. We then tested whether presence or absence of thiaminase could be predicted by evolutionary relationships, trophic level, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations, habitat, climate, invasive potential, and body size. There was no evolutionary relationship with thiaminase activity. It first appears in Class Actinoptergyii (bony ray-finned fishes) and is present across the entire Actinoptergyii phylogeny in both primitive and derived fish orders. Instead, ecological factors explained the most variation in thiaminase: fishes were more likely to express thiaminase if they fed closer to the base of the food web, were high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, lived in freshwater, and were from tropical climates. These data provide a foundation for understanding sources of thiaminase leading to thiamine deficiency in fisheries and other organisms, including humans that eat uncooked fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya E Rowland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Catherine A Richter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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6
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Vogels JJ, Van de Waal DB, WallisDeVries MF, Van den Burg AB, Nijssen M, Bobbink R, Berg MP, Olde Venterink H, Siepel H. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of nitrogen deposition on producer-consumer interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1712-1731. [PMID: 37265074 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially since the second half of the 20th century due to human activities. This increase of reactive N into the biosphere has major implications for ecosystem functioning, including primary production, soil and water chemistry and producer community structure and diversity. Increased N deposition is also linked to the decline of insects observed over recent decades. However, we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effects of high N deposition on individual fitness, species richness and community structure of both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. Here, we review the effects of N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, focusing on five existing ecological frameworks: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, trace element ecological stoichiometry, nutritional geometry, essential micronutrients and allelochemicals. We link reported N deposition-mediated changes in producer quality to life-history strategies and traits of consumers, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the direction of response in consumers. We conclude that high N deposition influences producer quality via eutrophication and acidification pathways. This makes oligotrophic poorly buffered ecosystems most vulnerable to significant changes in producer quality. Changes in producer quality between the reviewed frameworks are often interlinked, complicating predictions of the effects of high N deposition on producer quality. The degree and direction of fitness responses of consumers to changes in producer quality varies among species but can be explained by differences in life-history traits and strategies, particularly those affecting species nutrient intake regulation, mobility, relative growth rate, host-plant specialisation, ontogeny and physiology. To increase our understanding of the effects of N deposition on these complex mechanisms, the inclusion of life-history traits of consumer species in future study designs is pivotal. Based on the reviewed literature, we formulate five hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the effects of high N deposition on consumers, by linking effects of nutritional ecological frameworks to life-history strategies. Importantly, we expect that N-deposition-mediated changes in producer quality will result in a net decrease in consumer community as well as functional diversity. Moreover, we anticipate an increased risk of outbreak events of a small subset of generalist species, with concomitant declines in a multitude of specialist species. Overall, linking ecological frameworks with consumer life-history strategies provides a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of high N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, which can inform management towards more effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Vogels
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn Nijssen
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Section Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Xia C, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Li X, Cheng Y, Wang D, Xu C, Qi M, Wang J, Guo X, Ye X, Huang Y, Shen D, Dou D, Cao H, Li Z, Cui Z. Myxobacteria restrain Phytophthora invasion by scavenging thiamine in soybean rhizosphere via outer membrane vesicle-secreted thiaminase I. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5646. [PMID: 37704617 PMCID: PMC10499793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Public metabolites such as vitamins play critical roles in maintaining the ecological functions of microbial community. However, the biochemical and physiological bases for fine-tuning of public metabolites in the microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the interactions between myxobacteria and Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen of soybean. We find that host plant and soil microbes complement P. sojae's auxotrophy for thiamine. Whereas, myxobacteria inhibits Phytophthora growth by a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). CcThi1 scavenges the required thiamine and thus arrests the thiamine sharing behavior of P. sojae from the supplier, which interferes with amino acid metabolism and expression of pathogenic effectors, probably leading to impairment of P. sojae growth and pathogenicity. Moreover, myxobacteria and CcThi1 are highly effective in regulating the thiamine levels in soil, which is correlated with the incidence of soybean Phytophthora root rot. Our findings unravel a novel ecological tactic employed by myxobacteria to maintain the interspecific equilibrium in soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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8
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Stentz R, Cheema J, Philo M, Carding SR. A Possible Aquatic Origin of the Thiaminase TenA of the Human Gut Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:482-491. [PMID: 37022443 PMCID: PMC10277260 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
TenA thiamin-degrading enzymes are commonly found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi and algae and are involved in the thiamin salvage pathway. The gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) produces a TenA protein (BtTenA) which is packaged into its extracellular vesicles. An alignment of BtTenA protein sequence with proteins from different databases using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and the generation of a phylogenetic tree revealed that BtTenA is related to TenA-like proteins not only found in a small number of intestinal bacterial species but also in some aquatic bacteria, aquatic invertebrates, and freshwater fish. This is, to our knowledge, the first report describing the presence of TenA-encoding genes in the genome of members of the animal kingdom. By searching metagenomic databases of diverse host-associated microbial communities, we found that BtTenA homologues were mostly represented in biofilms present on the surface of macroalgae found in Australian coral reefs. We also confirmed the ability of a recombinant BtTenA to degrade thiamin. Our study shows that BttenA-like genes which encode a novel sub-class of TenA proteins are sparingly distributed across two kingdoms of life, a feature of accessory genes known for their ability to spread between species through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Stentz
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Norwich, UK.
| | - Jitender Cheema
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Philo
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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9
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Huang H, Wu H, Qi M, Wang H, Lu Z. Thiamine-Mediated Microbial Interaction between Auxotrophic Rhodococcus ruber ZM07 and Prototrophic Cooperators in the Tetrahydrofuran-Degrading Microbial Community H-1. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0454122. [PMID: 37125924 PMCID: PMC10269752 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04541-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a crucial growth factor, thiamine can regulate functional microbial communities; however, our current understanding of its effect on bioremediation is lacking. Using metatranscriptome and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we explored the mechanism of response of an efficient tetrahydrofuran (THF)-degrading microbial culture, designated H-1, to exogenous thiamine. Rhodococcus ruber ZM07, a strain performing the THF degradation function in H-1, is a thiamine-auxotrophic bacterium. Furthermore, thiamine affected the microbial community structure of H-1 by altering resource and niche distributions. A microbial co-occurrence network was constructed to help us identify and isolate the cooperators of strain ZM07 in the microbial community. Based on the prediction of the network, two non-THF-degrading bacteria, Hydrogenophaga intermedia ZM11 and Pigmentiphaga daeguensis ZM12, were isolated. Our results suggest that strain ZM11 is a good cooperator of ZM07, and it might be more competitive than other cooperators (e.g., ZM12) in cocultured systems. Additionally, two dominant strains in our microbial culture displayed a "seesaw" pattern, and they showed completely different responses to exogenous thiamine. The growth of the THF degrader ZM07 was spurred by additional thiamine (with an increased relative abundance and significant upregulation of most metabolic pathways), while the growth of the cooperator ZM11 was obviously suppressed under the same circumstances. This relationship was the opposite without thiamine addition. Our study reveals that exogenous thiamine can affect the interaction patterns between THF- and non-THF-degrading microorganisms and provides new insight into the effects of micronutrients on the environmental microbial community. IMPORTANCE Auxotrophic microorganisms play important roles in the biodegradation of pollutants in nature. Exploring the interspecies relationship between auxotrophic THF-degrading bacteria and other microbes is helpful for the efficient utilization of auxotrophic functional microorganisms. Herein, the thiamine-auxotrophic THF-degrading bacterium ZM07 was isolated from the microbial culture H-1, and the effect of thiamine on the structure of H-1 during THF bioremediation was studied. Thiamine may help ZM07 occupy more niches and utilize more resources, thus improving THF degradation efficiency. This research provides a new strategy to improve the THF or other xenobiotic compound biodegradation performance of auxotrophic functional microorganisms/microbial communities by artificially adding special micronutrients. Additionally, the "seesaw" relationship between the thiamine-auxotrophic strain ZM07 and its prototrophic cooperator ZM11 during THF bioremediation could be changed by exogenous thiamine. This study reveals the effect of micronutrients on microbial interactions and provides an effective way to regulate the pollutant biodegradation efficiency of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minbo Qi
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Edwards KA, Randall EA, Wolfe PC, Angert ER, Kraft CE. Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7008. [PMID: 37117240 PMCID: PMC10147936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to a diet of prey fishes with high levels of thiamine-degrading (e.g., thiaminase) enzymes, such as alewives, rainbow smelt, and anchovies. Since their discovery, thiaminase I enzymes have been recognized for breaking down thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties using various nucleophilic co-substrates to afford cleavage, but these studies have not thoroughly considered other factors that could modify enzyme activity. We found the thiaminase I enzyme from Clostridium botulinum efficiently degrades thiamine in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a co-substrate but has relatively limited activity in the presence of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Using fluorescence measurements, thiamine degradation in an over-the-counter complete multivitamin formulation was inhibited, and a B-complex formulation required co-substrate supplementation for maximal thiamine depletion. These studies prompted the evaluation of specific constituents contributing to thiaminase I inhibition by both chromatography and fluorescence assays: Cu2+ potently and irreversibly inhibited thiamine degradation; ascorbic acid was a strong but reversible inhibitor; Fe2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ modulated thiamine degradation to a lesser degree. The enhancement by pyridoxine and inhibition by Cu2+ extended to thiaminase-mediated degradation from Burkholderia thailandensis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, and Paenibacillus apiarius in tryptic soy broth supernatants. These co-substrate limitations and the common presence of inhibitory dietary factors complement recent studies reporting that the intended function of thiaminase enzymes is to recycle thiamine breakdown products for thiamine synthesis, not thiamine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Eileen A Randall
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patricia C Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Clifford E Kraft
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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11
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Fridolfsson E, Majaneva S, Hylander S. Limited effects of macro-nutrient ratios on thiamin content and transfer in phytoplankton and copepods. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2023; 45:360-371. [PMID: 37012974 PMCID: PMC10066808 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is primarily produced by bacteria, phytoplankton and fungi in aquatic food webs and transferred to higher trophic levels by ingestion. However, much remains unknown regarding the dynamics this water-soluble, essential micronutrient; e.g. how it relates to macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous). Nutrient limitation has been found to be related to periods of thiamin deficiency as well as in models. Hence, thiamin transfer to copepods from three phytoplankton species from different taxa was investigated, along with the effect of various nutrient regimes on thiamin content. Nutrient levels did not affect thiamin content of phytoplankton nor the transfer to copepods. Instead, phytoplankton displayed species-specific thiamin and macronutrient contents and whilst a higher thiamin content in the prey lead to higher levels in copepods, the transfer was lower for Skeletonema compared to Dunaliella and Rhodomonas. In all, thiamin transfer to copepods is not only dependent on thiamin content of the prey, but also the edibility and/or digestibility is of importance. Thiamin is essential for all organisms, and this study offers insights into the limited effect of macronutrients on the dynamics and transfer of thiamin in the aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Hylander
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems – EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-39182, Sweden
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12
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Site Specialization of Human Oral Veillonella Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0404222. [PMID: 36695592 PMCID: PMC9927086 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04042-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Veillonella species are abundant members of the human oral microbiome with multiple interspecies commensal relationships. Examining the distribution patterns of Veillonella species across the oral cavity is fundamental to understanding their oral ecology. In this study, we used a combination of pangenomic analysis and oral metagenomic information to clarify Veillonella taxonomy and to test the site specialist hypothesis for the Veillonella genus, which contends that most oral bacterial species are adapted to live at specific oral sites. Using isolate genome sequences combined with shotgun metagenomic sequence data, we showed that Veillonella species have clear, differential site specificity: Veillonella parvula showed strong preference for supra- and subgingival plaque, while closely related V. dispar, as well as more distantly related V. atypica, preferred the tongue dorsum, tonsils, throat, and hard palate. In addition, the provisionally named Veillonella sp. Human Microbial Taxon 780 showed strong site specificity for keratinized gingiva. Using comparative genomic analysis, we identified genes associated with thiamine biosynthesis and the reductive pentose phosphate cycle that may enable Veillonella species to occupy their respective habitats. IMPORTANCE Understanding the microbial ecology of the mouth is fundamental for understanding human physiology. In this study, metapangenomics demonstrated that different Veillonella species have clear ecological preferences in the oral cavity of healthy humans, validating the site specialist hypothesis. Furthermore, the gene pool of different Veillonella species was found to be reflective of their ecology, illuminating the potential role of vitamins and carbohydrates in determining Veillonella distribution patterns and interspecies interactions.
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13
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Reed AN, Rowland FE, Krajcik JA, Tillitt DE. Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Oregon. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020156. [PMID: 36851459 PMCID: PMC9959435 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early rearing of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Oregon hatcheries is often problematic; fry can become emaciated and die during the period between hatch and first feed. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has caused early mortality in salmonids; however, the thiamine status of Oregon's steelhead populations is unknown, to date. Of the 26 egg samples from three Oregon hatcheries in 2019, 20 (77%) had thiamine levels < 10 nmol/g, and 13 of those samples (50%) had levels <6.5 nmol/g, suggesting the thiamine deficiency of adult, female steelhead. To investigate if thiamine deficiency was causally related to fry survival, females were injected with buffered thiamine HCl 50 mg/kg prior to spawning; additionally, a subset of eggs were supplemented via bath treatment with thiamine mononitrate (1000 ppm) at spawning. Cumulative fry mortality at 8 weeks post-hatch from thiamine-injected females was 2.9% compared to 13.8% mortality of fry without thiamine supplementation. Fry treated only with the thiamine via bath as eggs had a mortality rate of 6.9%. There were no additional improvements for the survival of fry from injected females that also received a thiamine bath. Furthermore, condition factors were greater in thiamine-supplemented fry than in those that received no thiamine. These data identify thiamine deficiency in Oregon steelhead and suggest supplementation with thiamine can mitigate early rearing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N. Reed
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Health Services, OSU 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Freya E. Rowland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Krajcik
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Hatchery Research Center, 2457 E. Fall Creek Rd., Alsea, OR 97324, USA
| | - Donald E. Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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14
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Richter CA, Evans AN, Heppell SA, Zajicek JL, Tillitt DE. Genetic basis of thiaminase I activity in a vertebrate, zebrafish Danio rerio. Sci Rep 2023; 13:698. [PMID: 36639393 PMCID: PMC9839694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism is an important driver of human and animal health and ecological functioning. Some organisms, including species of ferns, mollusks, and fish, contain thiamine-degrading enzymes known as thiaminases, and consumption of these organisms can lead to thiamine deficiency in the consumer. Consumption of fish containing thiaminase has led to elevated mortality and recruitment failure in farmed animals and wild salmonine populations around the world. In the North American Great Lakes, consumption of the non-native prey fish alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) by native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) led to thiamine deficiency in the trout, contributed to elevated fry mortality, and impeded natural population recruitment. Several thiaminases have been genetically characterized in bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, and the source of thiaminase in multicellular organisms has been hypothesized to be gut microflora. In an unexpected discovery, we identified thiaminase I genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with homology to bacterial tenA thiaminase II. The biochemical activity of zebrafish thiaminase I (GenBank NP_001314821.1) was confirmed in a recombinant system. Genes homologous to the zebrafish tenA-like thiaminase I were identified in many animals, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and alewife. Thus, the source of thiaminase I in alewife impacting lake trout populations is likely to be de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Richter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Allison N Evans
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Scott A Heppell
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - James L Zajicek
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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15
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Závorka L, Blanco A, Chaguaceda F, Cucherousset J, Killen SS, Liénart C, Mathieu-Resuge M, Němec P, Pilecky M, Scharnweber K, Twining CW, Kainz MJ. The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:72-84. [PMID: 36182405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Andreu Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaguaceda
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174 EDB), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Camilla Liénart
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France; UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
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16
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114175. [PMID: 35151223 PMCID: PMC8813210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Unraveling the micellization behavior and thermodynamic characteristics of imidazolium-based ionic liquid in presence of vitamins thiamine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Hiding in Plain Sight: Modern Thiamine Deficiency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102595. [PMID: 34685573 PMCID: PMC8533683 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine or vitamin B1 is an essential, water-soluble vitamin required for mitochondrial energetics—the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a critical and rate-limiting cofactor to multiple enzymes involved in this process, including those at the entry points and at critical junctures for the glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid pathways. It has a very short half-life, limited storage capacity, and is susceptible to degradation and depletion by a number of products that epitomize modern life, including environmental and pharmaceutical chemicals. The RDA for thiamine is 1.1–1.2 mg for adult females and males, respectively. With an average diet, even a poor one, it is not difficult to meet that daily requirement, and yet, measurable thiamine deficiency has been observed across multiple patient populations with incidence rates ranging from 20% to over 90% depending upon the study. This suggests that the RDA requirement may be insufficient to meet the demands of modern living. Inasmuch as thiamine deficiency syndromes pose great risk of chronic morbidity, and if left untreated, mortality, a more comprehensive understanding thiamine chemistry, relative to energy production, modern living, and disease, may prove useful.
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19
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Kumar P, Kumar M, Bedi O, Gupta M, Kumar S, Jaiswal G, Rahi V, Yedke NG, Bijalwan A, Sharma S, Jamwal S. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1001-1016. [PMID: 34110533 PMCID: PMC8190991 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, it was declared a global pandemic. As the world grapples with COVID-19 and the paucity of clinically meaningful therapies, attention has been shifted to modalities that may aid in immune system strengthening. Taking into consideration that the COVID-19 infection strongly affects the immune system via multiple inflammatory responses, pharmaceutical companies are working to develop targeted drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19. A balanced nutritional diet may play an essential role in maintaining general wellbeing by controlling chronic infectious diseases. A balanced diet including vitamin A, B, C, D, E, and K, and some micronutrients such as zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorus may be beneficial in various infectious diseases. This study aimed to discuss and present recent data regarding the role of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of COVID-19. A deficiency of these vitamins and minerals in the plasma concentration may lead to a reduction in the good performance of the immune system, which is one of the constituents that lead to a poor immune state. This is a narrative review concerning the features of the COVID-19 and data related to the usage of vitamins and minerals as preventive measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Onkar Bedi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Gagandeep Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikrant Rahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Narhari Gangaram Yedke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjali Bijalwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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20
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Du X, Cheng X, Li W, Ge Z, Zhong C, Fan C, Gu H. Engineering Allosteric Ribozymes to Detect Thiamine Pyrophosphate in Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4277-4284. [PMID: 33635634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency contributes to several human diseases including Alzheimer's. As its biologically active form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) has been considered as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on several clinical reports that apparently lower blood TPP levels were found in patients with mild cognitive impairment to AD. However, highly sensitive and high-throughput detection of TPP in biological fluids remains an analytical challenge. Here, we report engineering RNA-based sensors to quantitatively measure TPP concentrations in whole blood samples with a detection limit down to a few nM. By fusing a TPP-specific aptamer with the hammerhead ribozyme for in vitro selection, we isolated an allosteric ribozyme with an EC50 value (68 nM) similar to the aptamer's KD value (50 nM) for TPP, which for the first time demonstrates the possibility to maintain the effector binding affinity of the aptamer in such engineered allosteric RNA constructs. Meanwhile, we developed a new blood sample preparation protocol to be compatible with RNA. By coupling the TPP-induced ribozyme cleavage event with isothermal amplification, we achieved fluorescence monitoring of whole blood TPP levels through the "mix-and-read" operation with high-throughput potential. We expect that the engineered TPP-sensing RNAs will facilitate clinical research on AD as well as other thiamine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Du
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhilei Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongzhou Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Stahl LM, Olson JB. Environmental abiotic and biotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance of Naegleria fowleri. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 97:6006869. [PMID: 33242082 PMCID: PMC8068756 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan that resides in soil and freshwater. Human intranasal amoebae exposure through water or potentially dust particles can culminate in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which generally causes death. While many questions remain regarding pathogenesis, the microbial ecology of N. fowleri is even less understood. This review outlines current knowledge of the environmental abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution and abundance of N. fowleri. Although the impacts of some abiotic factors remain poorly investigated or inconclusive, N. fowleri appears to have a wide pH range, low salinity tolerance and thermophilic preference. From what is known about biotic factors, the amoebae preferentially feed upon bacteria and are preyed upon by other free-living amoebae. Additional laboratory and environmental studies are needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which are crucial for surveillance and management of N. fowleri in freshwaters. As surface water temperatures increase with climate change, it is likely that this amoeba will pose a greater threat to human health, suggesting that identifying its abiotic and biotic preferences is critical to mitigating this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha M Stahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Julie B Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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Spooner DE, Honeyfield DC, Boggs K, Shull D, Wertz T, Sweet S. An Assessment of the Thiamine Status of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Susquehanna River Watershed. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Spooner
- Department of Biology, Lock Haven University, 301 W. Church Street, Lock Haven, PA 17745
| | - Dale C. Honeyfield
- United States Geological Survey, Northern Appalachian Research Branch, 176 Straight Run Road, Wellsboro, PA 16901
| | - Kristin Boggs
- United States Geological Survey, Northern Appalachian Research Branch, 176 Straight Run Road, Wellsboro, PA 16901
| | - Dustin Shull
- Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Clean Water, Rachel Carson Building, Harrisburg, PA 17105
| | - Tim Wertz
- Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Clean Water, Rachel Carson Building, Harrisburg, PA 17105
| | - Stephanie Sweet
- United States Geological Survey, Northern Appalachian Research Branch, 176 Straight Run Road, Wellsboro, PA 16901
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Kaur R, Shiekh BA, Banipal PK, Banipal TS. Unraveling the binding and micellization behavior of dioctylsulfosuccinate Sodium Salt with vitamin B1 and B6: A physiochemical and computational study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Abeysinghe G, Kuchira M, Kudo G, Masuo S, Ninomiya A, Takahashi K, Utada AS, Hagiwara D, Nomura N, Takaya N, Obana N, Takeshita N. Fungal mycelia and bacterial thiamine establish a mutualistic growth mechanism. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/12/e202000878. [PMID: 32962971 PMCID: PMC7574024 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cells travel along fungal highway and pay thiamine as a toll to the fungus. Simultaneous spatial and metabolic interactions in communicating bacterial and fungal species establish a mutualism that facilitates them to obtain an environmental niche and nutrient. Exclusivity in physical spaces and nutrients is a prerequisite for survival of organisms, but a few species have been able to develop mutually beneficial strategies that allow them to co-habit. Here, we discovered a mutualistic mechanism between filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, and bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. The bacterial cells co-cultured with the fungus traveled along mycelia using their flagella and dispersed farther with the expansion of fungal colony, indicating that the fungal mycelia supply space for bacteria to migrate, disperse, and proliferate. Transcriptomic, genetic, molecular mass, and imaging analyses demonstrated that the bacteria reached the mycelial edge and supplied thiamine to the growing hyphae, which led to a promotion of hyphal growth. The thiamine transfer from bacteria to the thiamine non-auxotrophic fungus was directly demonstrated by stable isotope labeling. The simultaneous spatial and metabolic interactions demonstrated in this study reveal a mutualism that facilitates the communicating fungal and bacterial species to obtain an environmental niche and nutrient, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Abeysinghe
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Momoka Kuchira
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gamon Kudo
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Masuo
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ninomiya
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew S Utada
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nozomu Obana
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Norio Takeshita
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Fridolfsson E, Lindehoff E, Legrand C, Hylander S. Species-specific content of thiamin (vitamin B 1) in phytoplankton and the transfer to copepods. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2020; 42:274-285. [PMID: 32494089 PMCID: PMC7252500 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) is primarily produced by bacteria and phytoplankton in aquatic food webs and transferred by ingestion to higher trophic levels. However, much remains unknown regarding production, content and transfer of this water-soluble, essential micronutrient. Hence, the thiamin content of six phytoplankton species from different taxa was investigated, along with the effect of thiamin amendment on thiamin content. Furthermore, thiamin transfer to copepods was estimated in feeding experiments. Prey type, not phytoplankton thiamin content per se, was the most important factor for the transfer of thiamin, as it was lowest from filamentous Cyanophyceae and highest from more easily ingested prey like Dunaliella tertiolecta and Rhodomonas salina. Cyanophyceae had the highest thiamin content of the investigated species, eightfold higher than the lowest. Phytoplankton varied in thiamin content related to the supply of thiamin, where thiamin addition enabled higher thiamin content in some species, while copepod thiamin content was less variable. In all, thiamin transfer is not only dependent on the prey thiamin content, but also the edibility and/or digestibility is of importance. Thiamin is essential for all organisms, and this study constitutes an important building block to understanding the dynamics and transfer of thiamin in the aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Fridolfsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Pedalstråket 13, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Pedalstråket 13, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Pedalstråket 13, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Pedalstråket 13, SE-39231 Kalmar, Sweden
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Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227714. [PMID: 31917814 PMCID: PMC6952091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency is an issue periodically affecting a wide range of taxa worldwide. In aquatic pelagic systems, thiamin is mainly produced by bacteria and phytoplankton and is transferred to fish and birds via zooplankton, but there is no general consensus on when or why this transfer is disrupted. We focus on the occurrence in salmon (Salmo salar) of a thiamin deficiency syndrome (M74), the incidence of which is highly correlated among populations derived from different spawning rivers. Here, we show that M74 in salmon is associated with certain large-scale abiotic changes in the main common feeding area of salmon in the southern Baltic Sea. Years with high M74 incidence were characterized by stagnant periods with relatively low salinity and phosphate and silicate concentrations but high total nitrogen. Consequently, there were major changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton, with, e.g., increased abundances of Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Diatomophyceae and Euglenophyceae and Acartia spp. during high M74 incidence years. The prey fish communities also had increased stocks of both herring and sprat in these years. Overall, this suggests important changes in the entire food web structure and nutritional pathways in the common feeding period during high M74 incidence years. Previous research has emphasized the importance of the abundance of planktivorous fish for the occurrence of M74. By using this 27-year time series, we expand this analysis to the entire ecosystem and discuss potential mechanisms inducing thiamin deficiency in salmon.
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Flecker AS, Twining CW, Schmitz OJ, Cooke SJ, Hammerschlag N. Aquatic Predators Influence Micronutrients: Important but Understudied. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:882-883. [PMID: 31409517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Oswald J Schmitz
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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28
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Kaur R, Rani A, Banipal PK, Banipal TS. Study on interactions of vitamin B1 with sodium dodecyl sulfate for potential food applications: Conductometric, volumetric, calorimetric and spectroscopic approach. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thiaminase I Provides a Growth Advantage by Salvaging Precursors from Environmental Thiamine and Its Analogs in Burkholderia thailandensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 30006396 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01268-18)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is essential to life, as it serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in critical carbon transformations. Many bacteria can synthesize thiamine, while thiamine auxotrophs must obtain it or its precursors from the environment. Thiaminases degrade thiamine by catalyzing the base-exchange substitution of thiazole with a nucleophile, and thiaminase I specifically has been implicated in thiamine deficiency syndromes in animals. The biological role of this secreted enzyme has been a long-standing mystery. We used the thiaminase I-producing soil bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis as a model to ascertain its function. First, we generated thiamine auxotrophs, which are still able to use exogenous precursors (thiazole and hydroxymethyl pyrimidine), to synthesize thiamine. We found that thiaminase I extended the survival of these strains, when grown in defined media where thiamine was serially diluted out, compared to isogenic strains that could not produce thiaminase I. Thiamine auxotrophs grew better on thiamine precursors than thiamine itself, suggesting thiaminase I functions to convert thiamine to useful precursors. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that thiaminase I cleaves phosphorylated thiamine and toxic analogs, which releases precursors that can then be used for thiamine synthesis. This study establishes a biological role for this perplexing enzyme and provides additional insight into the complicated nature of thiamine metabolism and how individual bacteria may manipulate the availability of a vital nutrient in the environment.IMPORTANCE The function of thiaminase I has remained a long-standing, unsolved mystery. The enzyme is only known to be produced by a small subset of microorganisms, although thiaminase I activity has been associated with numerous plants and animals, and is implicated in thiamine deficiencies brought on by consumption of organisms containing this enzyme. Genomic and biochemical analyses have shed light on potential roles for the enzyme. Using the genetically amenable thiaminase I-producing soil bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis, we were able to demonstrate that thiaminase I helps salvage precursors from thiamine derivatives in the environment and degrades thiamine to its precursors, which are preferentially used by B. thailandensis auxotrophs. Our study establishes a biological role for this perplexing enzyme and provides insight into the complicated nature of thiamine metabolism. It also establishes B. thailandensis as a robust model system for studying thiamine metabolism.
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30
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Thiaminase I Provides a Growth Advantage by Salvaging Precursors from Environmental Thiamine and Its Analogs in Burkholderia thailandensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01268-18. [PMID: 30006396 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01268-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is essential to life, as it serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in critical carbon transformations. Many bacteria can synthesize thiamine, while thiamine auxotrophs must obtain it or its precursors from the environment. Thiaminases degrade thiamine by catalyzing the base-exchange substitution of thiazole with a nucleophile, and thiaminase I specifically has been implicated in thiamine deficiency syndromes in animals. The biological role of this secreted enzyme has been a long-standing mystery. We used the thiaminase I-producing soil bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis as a model to ascertain its function. First, we generated thiamine auxotrophs, which are still able to use exogenous precursors (thiazole and hydroxymethyl pyrimidine), to synthesize thiamine. We found that thiaminase I extended the survival of these strains, when grown in defined media where thiamine was serially diluted out, compared to isogenic strains that could not produce thiaminase I. Thiamine auxotrophs grew better on thiamine precursors than thiamine itself, suggesting thiaminase I functions to convert thiamine to useful precursors. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that thiaminase I cleaves phosphorylated thiamine and toxic analogs, which releases precursors that can then be used for thiamine synthesis. This study establishes a biological role for this perplexing enzyme and provides additional insight into the complicated nature of thiamine metabolism and how individual bacteria may manipulate the availability of a vital nutrient in the environment.IMPORTANCE The function of thiaminase I has remained a long-standing, unsolved mystery. The enzyme is only known to be produced by a small subset of microorganisms, although thiaminase I activity has been associated with numerous plants and animals, and is implicated in thiamine deficiencies brought on by consumption of organisms containing this enzyme. Genomic and biochemical analyses have shed light on potential roles for the enzyme. Using the genetically amenable thiaminase I-producing soil bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis, we were able to demonstrate that thiaminase I helps salvage precursors from thiamine derivatives in the environment and degrades thiamine to its precursors, which are preferentially used by B. thailandensis auxotrophs. Our study establishes a biological role for this perplexing enzyme and provides insight into the complicated nature of thiamine metabolism. It also establishes B. thailandensis as a robust model system for studying thiamine metabolism.
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Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Jiang X, Zerfaß C, Feng S, Eichmann R, Asally M, Schäfer P, Soyer OS. Impact of spatial organization on a novel auxotrophic interaction among soil microbes. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:1443-1456. [PMID: 29572468 PMCID: PMC5955953 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A key prerequisite to achieve a deeper understanding of microbial communities and to engineer synthetic ones is to identify the individual metabolic interactions among key species and how these interactions are affected by different environmental factors. Deciphering the physiological basis of species-species and species-environment interactions in spatially organized environments requires reductionist approaches using ecologically and functionally relevant species. To this end, we focus here on a defined system to study the metabolic interactions in a spatial context among the plant-beneficial endophytic fungus Serendipita indica, and the soil-dwelling model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Focusing on the growth dynamics of S. indica under defined conditions, we identified an auxotrophy in this organism for thiamine, which is a key co-factor for essential reactions in the central carbon metabolism. We found that S. indica growth is restored in thiamine-free media, when co-cultured with B. subtilis. The success of this auxotrophic interaction, however, was dependent on the spatial and temporal organization of the system; the beneficial impact of B. subtilis was only visible when its inoculation was separated from that of S. indica either in time or space. These findings describe a key auxotrophic interaction in the soil among organisms that are shown to be important for plant ecosystem functioning, and point to the potential importance of spatial and temporal organization for the success of auxotrophic interactions. These points can be particularly important for engineering of minimal functional synthetic communities as plant seed treatments and for vertical farming under defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christian Zerfaß
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Song Feng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division (T-6), Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ruth Eichmann
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Munehiro Asally
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Sannino D, Angert ER. Genomic insights into the thiamin metabolism of Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 and P. apiarius NRRL B-23460. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29026451 PMCID: PMC5627462 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is the model organism for studying thiaminase I, an enigmatic extracellular enzyme. Originally isolated from the feces of clinical patients suffering from thiamin deficiency, P. thiaminolyticus has been implicated in thiamin deficiencies in humans and other animals due to its ability to produce this thiamin-degrading enzyme. Its close relative, P. apiarius, also produces thiaminase I and was originally isolated from dead honeybee larvae, though it has not been reported to be a honeybee pathogen. We generated draft genomes of the type strains of both species, P. thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 and P. apiarius NRRL B-23460, to deeply explore potential routes of thiamin metabolism. We discovered that the thiaminase I gene is located in a highly conserved operon with thiamin biosynthesis and salvage genes, as well as genes involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic bacimethrin. Based on metabolic pathway predictions, P. apiarius NRRL B-23460 has the genomic capacity to synthesize thiamin de novo using a pathway that is rarely seen in bacteria, but P. thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 is a thiamin auxotroph. Both genomes encode importers for thiamin and the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin, as well as enzymes to synthesize thiamin from pyrimidine and thiazole.
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