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Fenker J, Melville J, Moritz C. Dragons in the tropics - Phylogeography and speciation in Diporiphora lizards and common geographic breaks in co-distributed taxa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108090. [PMID: 38723791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Co-distributed taxa can respond both similarly or differently to the same climatic and geological events, resulting in a range of phylogeographic patterns across the region. Using a nested approach on a taxonomically diverse yet morphologically conservative group of agamid lizards, we first aimed to evaluate more precisely the extent of phylogeographic structuring within the genus. Then, focusing on four lineages within the more widespread species, we assessed the impact of biogeographic barriers on phylogeographic structuring and demographic history of species, comparing to patterns previously observed in co-distributed taxa. These species occur in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, a vast tropical savanna system with high richness and endemism associated with environmental heterogeneity and past climate fluctuations. The employment of genomic data helped to determine the relationships between specific taxa that were previously difficult to place. We found a local influence of biogeographic and climatic breaks on population dynamics, analogous to other species. We detected high levels of population structure in the West Kimberley and Arnhem Plateau, which are already known for high endemism. However, we also highlighted unique lineages in areas that have been overlooked until recently, in the South Kimberley and West Top End. Climatic and geographical features in the Arnhem Plateau act as a soft barrier between populations in the east and west regions of the Top End. These observations reflect patterns observed for other vertebrates across this rich biome, indicating how climatic variation, species' ecology, and landscape features interact to shape regional diversity and endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fenker
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne Museum, 11 Nicholson StreetCarlton 3053, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jane Melville
- Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne Museum, 11 Nicholson StreetCarlton 3053, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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2
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Wacker KS, Winger BM. An Elevational Phylogeographic Diversity Gradient in Neotropical Birds Is Decoupled from Speciation Rates. Am Nat 2024; 203:362-381. [PMID: 38358813 DOI: 10.1086/728598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractA key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests that speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared with the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.
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3
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Medina I, Dong C, Marquez R, Perez DM, Wang IJ, Stuart-Fox D. Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232292. [PMID: 38264783 PMCID: PMC10806439 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages, and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of diversification. Warning signals are some of the most widespread defences in the animal world, and there is evidence of higher diversification rates in aposematic lineages. The mechanisms behind such species richness, however, are still unclear. Here, we test whether lineages that use aposematism as anti-predator defence exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation between populations, leading to increased opportunities for divergence. We collated from the literature more than 3000 pairwise genetic differentiation values across more than 700 populations from over 60 amphibian species. We find evidence that over short geographical distances, populations of species of aposematic lineages exhibit greater genetic divergence relative to species that are not aposematic. Our results support a scenario where the use of warning signals could restrict gene flow, and suggest that anti-predator defences could impact divergence between populations and potentially have effects at a macro-evolutionary scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Medina
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Caroline Dong
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70115, USA
| | - Roberto Marquez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniela M. Perez
- Max Plank Institute of Animal Behaviour, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ian J. Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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4
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Keggin T, Waldock C, Skeels A, Hagen O, Albouy C, Manel S, Pellissier L. Diversity across organisational scale emerges through dispersal ability and speciation dynamics in tropical fish. BMC Biol 2023; 21:282. [PMID: 38053182 PMCID: PMC10696697 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiversity exists at different levels of organisation: e.g. genetic, individual, population, species, and community. These levels of organisation all exist within the same system, with diversity patterns emerging across organisational scales through several key processes. Despite this inherent interconnectivity, observational studies reveal that diversity patterns across levels are not consistent and the underlying mechanisms for variable continuity in diversity across levels remain elusive. To investigate these mechanisms, we apply a spatially explicit simulation model to simulate the global diversification of tropical reef fishes at both the population and species levels through emergent population-level processes. RESULTS We find significant relationships between the population and species levels of diversity which vary depending on both the measure of diversity and the spatial partitioning considered. In turn, these population-species relationships are driven by modelled biological trait parameters, especially the divergence threshold at which populations speciate. CONCLUSIONS To explain variation in multi-level diversity patterns, we propose a simple, yet novel, population-to-species diversity partitioning mechanism through speciation which disrupts continuous diversity patterns across organisational levels. We expect that in real-world systems this mechanism is driven by the molecular dynamics that determine genetic incompatibility, and therefore reproductive isolation between individuals. We put forward a framework in which the mechanisms underlying patterns of diversity across organisational levels are universal, and through this show how variable patterns of diversity can emerge through organisational scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keggin
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Conor Waldock
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Skeels
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oskar Hagen
- Evolution and Adaptation, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Camille Albouy
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE- PSL University, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Zbinden ZD, Douglas MR, Chafin TK, Douglas ME. Riverscape community genomics: A comparative analytical approach to identify common drivers of spatial structure. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6743-6765. [PMID: 36461662 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Genetic differentiation among local groups of individuals, that is, genetic β-diversity, is a key component of population persistence related to connectivity and isolation. However, most genetic investigations of natural populations focus on a single species, overlooking opportunities for multispecies conservation plans to benefit entire communities in an ecosystem. We present an approach to evaluate genetic β-diversity within and among many species and demonstrate how this riverscape community genomics approach can be applied to identify common drivers of genetic structure. Our study evaluated genetic β-diversity in 31 co-distributed native stream fishes sampled from 75 sites across the White River Basin (Ozarks, USA) using SNP genotyping (ddRAD). Despite variance among species in the degree of genetic divergence, general spatial patterns were identified corresponding to river network architecture. Most species (N = 24) were partitioned into discrete subpopulations (K = 2-7). We used partial redundancy analysis to compare species-specific genetic β-diversity across four models of genetic structure: Isolation by distance (IBD), isolation by barrier (IBB), isolation by stream hierarchy (IBH), and isolation by environment (IBE). A significant proportion of intraspecific genetic variation was explained by IBH (x̄ = 62%), with the remaining models generally redundant. We found evidence for consistent spatial modularity in that gene flow is higher within rather than between hierarchical units (i.e., catchments, watersheds, basins), supporting the generalization of the stream hierarchy model. We discuss our conclusions regarding conservation and management and identify the 8-digit hydrologic unit (HUC) as the most relevant spatial scale for managing genetic diversity across riverine networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery D Zbinden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marlis R Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tyler K Chafin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael E Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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6
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Burbrink FT, Ruane S, Rabibisoa N, Raselimanana AP, Raxworthy CJ, Kuhn A. Speciation rates are unrelated to the formation of population structure in Malagasy gemsnakes. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10344. [PMID: 37529593 PMCID: PMC10375368 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation rates vary substantially across the tree of life. These rates should be linked to the rate at which population structure forms if a continuum between micro and macroevolutionary patterns exists. Previous studies examining the link between speciation rates and the degree of population formation in clades have been shown to be either correlated or uncorrelated depending on the group, but no study has yet examined the relationship between speciation rates and population structure in a young group that is constrained spatially to a single-island system. We examine this correlation in 109 gemsnakes (Pseudoxyrhophiidae) endemic to Madagascar and originating in the early Miocene, which helps control for extinction variation across time and space. We find no relationship between rates of speciation and the formation rates of population structure over space in 33 species of gemsnakes. Rates of speciation show low variation, yet population structure varies widely across species, indicating that speciation rates and population structure are disconnected. We suspect this is largely due to the persistence of some lineages not susceptible to extinction. Importantly, we discuss how delimiting populations versus species may contribute to problems understanding the continuum between shallow and deep evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of HerpetologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Sara Ruane
- Life Sciences Section, Negaunee Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nirhy Rabibisoa
- Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'EnvironnementUniversité de MahajangaMahajangaMadagascar
| | - Achille P. Raselimanana
- Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Faculté des SciencesUniversité d'AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
| | | | - Arianna Kuhn
- Department of HerpetologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Virginia Museum of Natural HistoryMartinsvilleVirginiaUSA
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7
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Prates I, Doughty P, Rabosky DL. Subspecies at crossroads: the evolutionary significance of genomic and phenotypic variation in a wide-ranging Australian lizard ( Ctenotus pantherinus). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many subspecies were described to capture phenotypic variation in wide-ranging taxa, with some later being found to correspond to divergent genetic lineages. We investigate whether currently recognized subspecies correspond to distinctive and coherent evolutionary lineages in the widespread Australian lizard Ctenotus pantherinus based on morphological, mitochondrial and genome-wide nuclear variation. We find weak and inconsistent correspondence between morphological patterns and the presumed subspecies ranges, with character polymorphism within regions and broad morphological overlap across regions. Phylogenetic analyses suggest paraphyly of populations assignable to each subspecies, mitonuclear discordance and little congruence between subspecies ranges and the distribution of inferred clades. Genotypic clustering supports admixture across regions. These results undermine the presumed phenotypic and genotypic coherence and distinctiveness of C. pantherinus subspecies. Based on our findings, we comment on the operational and conceptual shortcomings of morphologically defined subspecies and discuss practical challenges in applying the general notion of subspecies as incompletely separated population lineages. We conclude by highlighting a historical asymmetry that has implications for ecology, evolution and conservation: subspecies proposed in the past are difficult to falsify even in the face of new data that challenge their coherence and distinctiveness, whereas modern researchers appear hesitant to propose new subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Paul Doughty
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum , Welshpool , WA 6106 , Australia
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8
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Singhal S, Wrath J, Rabosky DL. Genetic variability and the ecology of geographic range: A test of the central-marginal hypothesis in Australian scincid lizards. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4242-4253. [PMID: 35779002 PMCID: PMC9545263 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For many species, both local abundance and regional occupancy are highest near the centre of their geographic distributions. One hypothesis for this pattern is that niche suitability declines with increasing distance from a species geographic centre, such that populations near range margins are characterized by reduced density and increased patchiness. In these smaller edge populations, genetic drift is more powerful, leading to the loss of genetic diversity. This simple verbal model has been formalized as the central-marginal hypothesis, which predicts that core populations should have greater genetic diversity than edge populations. Here, we tested the central-marginal hypothesis using a genomic data set of 25 species-level taxa of Australian scincid lizards in the genera Ctenotus and Lerista. A majority of taxa in our data set showed range-wide patterns of genetic variation consistent with central-marginal hypothesis, and eight of 25 taxa showed significantly greater genetic diversity in the centre of their range. We then explored biological, historical, and methodological factors that might predict which taxa support the central-marginal hypothesis. We found that taxa with the strongest evidence for range expansion were the least likely to follow predictions of the central-marginal hypothesis. The majority of these taxa had range expansions that originated at the range edge, which led to a gradient of decreasing genetic diversity from the range edge to the core, contrary to the central-marginal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Department of BiologyCSU Dominguez HillsCarsonCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Wrath
- Department of BiologyCSU Dominguez HillsCarsonCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Museum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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9
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Suárez D, Arribas P, Jiménez-García E, Emerson BC. Dispersal ability and its consequences for population genetic differentiation and diversification. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220489. [PMID: 35582805 PMCID: PMC9115014 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal ability is known to influence geographical structuring of genetic variation within species, with a direct relationship between low vagility and population genetic structure, which can potentially give rise to allopatric speciation. However, our general understanding of the relationship between dispersal ability, population differentiation and lineage diversification is limited. To address this issue, we sampled mitochondrial DNA variation within lineages of beetles and spiders across the Canary Islands to explore the relationships between dispersal ability, differentiation within lineages and diversification. We found positive relationships between population genetic structure and diversification for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons between dispersive and non-dispersive lineages revealed significant differences for both lineage differentiation and diversification. For both taxa, non-dispersive lineages had stronger population genetic structure. Genus-level endemic species richness and proxies for diversification rate within genera were higher in non-dispersive taxa for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons of average and maximum node divergences within genera suggest that species turnover may be higher in non-dispersive genera. Our results reveal a model where dispersal limitation may shape the diversity of lineages across evolutionary timescales by positively influencing intraspecific and species diversity, moderated by higher extinction rates compared to more dispersive lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Suárez
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain,School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Eduardo Jiménez-García
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain,School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
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10
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Whittington CM, Van Dyke JU, Liang SQT, Edwards SV, Shine R, Thompson MB, Grueber CE. Understanding the evolution of viviparity using intraspecific variation in reproductive mode and transitional forms of pregnancy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1179-1192. [PMID: 35098647 PMCID: PMC9064913 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How innovations such as vision, flight and pregnancy evolve is a central question in evolutionary biology. Examination of transitional (intermediate) forms of these traits can help address this question, but these intermediate phenotypes are very rare in extant species. Here we explore the biology and evolution of transitional forms of pregnancy that are midway between the ancestral state of oviparity (egg‐laying) and the derived state, viviparity (live birth). Transitional forms of pregnancy occur in only three vertebrates, all of which are lizard species that also display intraspecific variation in reproductive phenotype. In these lizards (Lerista bougainvillii, Saiphos equalis, and Zootoca vivipara), geographic variation of three reproductive forms occurs within a single species: oviparity, viviparity, and a transitional form of pregnancy. This phenomenon offers the valuable prospect of watching ‘evolution in action’. In these species, it is possible to conduct comparative research using different reproductive forms that are not confounded by speciation, and are of relatively recent origin. We identify major proximate and ultimate questions that can be addressed in these species, and the genetic and genomic tools that can help us understand how transitional forms of pregnancy are produced, despite predicted fitness costs. We argue that these taxa represent an excellent prospect for understanding the major evolutionary shift between egg‐laying and live birth, which is a fundamental innovation in the history of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building A08 Sydney NSW 2006
| | - James U. Van Dyke
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences La Trobe University Building 4 Wodonga VIC 3689 Australia
| | - Stephanie Q. T. Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building A08 Sydney NSW 2006
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University, and Museum of Comparative Zoology Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Michael B. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building A08 Sydney NSW 2006
| | - Catherine E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Heydon‐Laurence Building A08 Sydney NSW 2006
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11
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Singhal S, Colli GR, Grundler MR, Costa GC, Prates I, Rabosky DL. No link between population isolation and speciation rate in squamate reptiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113388119. [PMID: 35058358 PMCID: PMC8795558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113388119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of species formation vary widely across the tree of life and contribute to massive disparities in species richness among clades. This variation can emerge from differences in metapopulation-level processes that affect the rates at which lineages diverge, persist, and evolve reproductive barriers and ecological differentiation. For example, populations that evolve reproductive barriers quickly should form new species at faster rates than populations that acquire reproductive barriers more slowly. This expectation implicitly links microevolutionary processes (the evolution of populations) and macroevolutionary patterns (the profound disparity in speciation rate across taxa). Here, leveraging extensive field sampling from the Neotropical Cerrado biome in a biogeographically controlled natural experiment, we test the role of an important microevolutionary process-the propensity for population isolation-as a control on speciation rate in lizards and snakes. By quantifying population genomic structure across a set of codistributed taxa with extensive and phylogenetically independent variation in speciation rate, we show that broad-scale patterns of species formation are decoupled from demographic and genetic processes that promote the formation of population isolates. Population isolation is likely a critical stage of speciation for many taxa, but our results suggest that interspecific variability in the propensity for isolation has little influence on speciation rates. These results suggest that other stages of speciation-including the rate at which reproductive barriers evolve and the extent to which newly formed populations persist-are likely to play a larger role than population isolation in controlling speciation rate variation in squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747;
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maggie R Grundler
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gabriel C Costa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel L Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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12
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Freeman BG, Rolland J, Montgomery GA, Schluter D. Faster evolution of a premating reproductive barrier is not associated with faster speciation rates in New World passerine birds. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211514. [PMID: 34982949 PMCID: PMC8727149 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Why are speciation rates so variable across the tree of life? One hypothesis is that this variation is explained by how rapidly reproductive barriers evolve. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a comparative study of the evolution of bird song, a premating barrier to reproduction. Speciation in birds is typically initiated when geographically isolated (allopatric) populations evolve reproductive barriers. We measured the strength of song as a premating barrier between closely related allopatric populations by conducting 2339 field experiments to measure song discrimination for 175 taxon pairs of allopatric or parapatric New World passerine birds, and estimated recent speciation rates from molecular phylogenies. We found evidence that song discrimination is indeed an important reproductive barrier: taxon pairs with high song discrimination in allopatry did not regularly interbreed in parapatry. However, evolutionary rates of song discrimination were not associated with recent speciation rates. Evolutionary rates of song discrimination were also unrelated to latitude or elevation, but species with innate song (suboscines) evolved song discrimination much faster than species with learned song (oscines). We conclude that song is a key premating reproductive barrier in birds, but faster evolution of this reproductive barrier between populations does not consistently result in faster diversification between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Freeman
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
- CNRS, UMR5174, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Graham A. Montgomery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4
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13
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Prates I, Singhal S, Marchán-Rivadeneira MR, Grundler MR, Moritz C, Donnellan SC, Rabosky DL. Genetic and Ecogeographic Controls on Species Cohesion in Australia’s Most Diverse Lizard Radiation. Am Nat 2022; 199:E57-E75. [DOI: 10.1086/717411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University–Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747
| | | | - Maggie R. Grundler
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology and Evolution and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Camberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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14
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Burbrink FT, Ruane S. Contemporary Philosophy and Methods for Studying Speciation and Delimiting Species. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/h2020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Sara Ruane
- Earth and Environmental Sciences: Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University–Newark, 195 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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15
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Fenker J, Tedeschi LG, Melville J, Moritz C. Predictors of phylogeographic structure among codistributed taxa across the complex Australian monsoonal tropics. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4276-4291. [PMID: 34216506 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the geographic scale and depth of phylogeographic structure across codistributed taxa can reveal how microevolutionary processes such as population isolation and persistence drive diversification. In turn, environmental heterogeneity, species' traits, and historical biogeographic barriers may influence the potential for isolation and persistence. Using extensive SNP data and a combination of population genetic summary statistics and landscape genomic analyses, we explored predictors of the scale and depth of phylogeographic structure in codistributed lizard taxa from the topographically and climatically complex monsoonal tropics (AMT) of Australia. We first resolved intraspecific lineages and then tested whether genetic divergence across space within lineages is related to isolation by distance, resistance and/or environment and whether these factors differ across genera or between rock-related versus habitat generalist taxa. We then tested whether microevolutionary processes within lineages explain differences in the geographic scale and depth of intraspecific phylogeographic lineages. The results indicated that landscape predictors of phylogeographic structure differ between taxa. Within lineages, there was prevalent isolation by distance, but the strength of isolation by distance is independent of the taxonomic family, habitat specialization, and climate. Isolation by environment is the strongest predictor of landscape-scale genetic divergence for all taxa, with both temperature and precipitation acting as limiting factors. The strength of isolation by distance does not predict the geographic scale of the phylogeographic structure. However, more localized lineages had higher mean individual heterozygosity and less negative Tajima's D. This result implies that finer-scale phylogeographic structuring within species is associated with larger and more stable populations and, hence, persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fenker
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Leonardo G Tedeschi
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Melville
- Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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16
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de Alencar LRV, Quental TB. Linking population-level and microevolutionary processes to understand speciation dynamics at the macroevolutionary scale. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5828-5843. [PMID: 34141187 PMCID: PMC8207422 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although speciation dynamics have been described for several taxonomic groups in distinct geographic regions, most macroevolutionary studies still lack a detailed mechanistic view on how or why speciation rates change. To help partially fill this gap, we suggest that the interaction between the time taken by a species to geographically expand and the time populations take to evolve reproductive isolation should be considered when we are trying to understand macroevolutionary patterns. We introduce a simple conceptual index to guide our discussion on how demographic and microevolutionary processes might produce speciation dynamics at macroevolutionary scales. Our framework is developed under different scenarios: when speciation is mediated by geographical or resource-partitioning opportunities, and when diversity is limited or not. We also discuss how organismal intrinsic properties and different overall geographical settings can influence the tempo and mode of speciation. We argue that specific conditions observed at the microscale might produce a pulse in speciation rates even without a pulse in either climate or physical barriers. We also propose a hypothesis to reconcile the apparent inconsistency between speciation measured at the microscale and macroscale, and emphasize that diversification rates are better seen as an emergent property. We hope to bring the reader's attention to interesting mechanisms to be further studied, to motivate the development of new theoretical models that connect microevolution and macroevolution, and to inspire new empirical and methodological approaches to more adequately investigate speciation dynamics either using neontological or paleontological data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Bosisio Quental
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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17
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Matute DR, Cooper BS. Comparative studies on speciation: 30 years since Coyne and Orr. Evolution 2021; 75:764-778. [PMID: 33491225 PMCID: PMC8247902 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes of population divergence and speciation remains a core question in evolutionary biology. For nearly a hundred years evolutionary geneticists have characterized reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms and specific barriers to gene flow required for species formation. The seminal work of Coyne and Orr provided the first comprehensive comparative analysis of speciation. By combining phylogenetic hypotheses and species range data with estimates of genetic divergence and multiple mechanisms of RI across Drosophila, Coyne and Orr's influential meta-analyses answered fundamental questions and motivated new analyses that continue to push the field forward today. Now 30 years later, we revisit the five questions addressed by Coyne and Orr, identifying results that remain well supported and others that seem less robust with new data. We then consider the future of speciation research, with emphasis on areas where novel methods and data motivate potential progress. While the literature remains biased towards Drosophila and other model systems, we are enthusiastic about the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Matute
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27510
| | - Brandon S. Cooper
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812
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18
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Ortego J, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Noguerales V. Demographic consequences of dispersal-related trait shift in two recently diverged taxa of montane grasshoppers. Evolution 2021; 75:1998-2013. [PMID: 33646593 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the pervasiveness of intraspecific wing-size polymorphism and transitions to flightlessness have long captivated biologists, the demographic outcomes of shifts in dispersal ability are not yet well understood and have been seldom studied at early stages of diversification. Here, we use genomic data to infer the consequences of dispersal-related trait variation in the taxonomically controversial short-winged (Chorthippus corsicus corsicus) and long-winged (Chorthippus corsicus pascuorum) Corsican grasshoppers. Our analyses revealed lack of contemporary hybridization between sympatric long- and short-winged forms and phylogenomic reconstructions supported their taxonomic distinctiveness, rejecting the hypothesis of intraspecific wing polymorphism. Statistical evaluation of alternative models of speciation strongly supported a scenario of Pleistocene divergence (<1.5 Ma) with ancestral gene flow. According to neutral expectations from differences in dispersal capacity, historical effective migration rates from the long- to the short-winged taxon were threefold higher than in the opposite direction. Although populations of the two taxa present a marked genetic structure and have experienced parallel demographic histories, our coalescent-based analyses suggest that reduced dispersal has fueled diversification in the short-winged C. c. corsicus. Collectively, our study illustrates how dispersal reduction can speed up geographical diversification and increase the opportunity for allopatric speciation in topographically complex landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Noguerales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
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19
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Delapieve MLS, Carvalho TP, Reis RE. Species delimitation in a range-restricted group of cascudinhos (Loricariidae: Epactionotus) supports morphological and genetic differentiation across coastal rivers of southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1748-1769. [PMID: 32914431 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epactionotus species are known for inhabiting the rocky-bottom stretches of fast-flowing rivers in a limited geographic area along the Atlantic coast of southern Brazil. These species are endemic to single coastal river drainages (two neighbouring drainages for Epactionotus bilineatus) isolated from each other by the coastal lacustrine environments or the Atlantic Ocean. E. bilineatus is from the Maquiné and Três Forquilhas River basins, both tributaries of the Tramandaí River system, whereas E. itaimbezinho is endemic to the Mampituba River drainage and Epactionotus gracilis to the Araranguá River drainage. Recent fieldwork in the Atlantic coastal drainages of southern Brazil revealed new populations in the Urussanga, Tubarão, d'Una and Biguaçu River drainages. Iterative species delimitation using molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and morphology (morphometrics and meristics) was applied to evaluate species recognition of isolated populations. With regard to new data, the genus was re-diagnosed, the status of Epactionotus species/populations was re-evaluated, formerly described species were supported and population structure was recognized. As for the newly discovered populations, both morphological and molecular data strongly support the population from the Biguaçu River drainage, in Santa Catarina State, as a new species. Molecular data revealed strong per-basin population structure, which may be related to species habitat specificity and low or no dispersal among drainages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura S Delapieve
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago P Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roberto E Reis
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Prates I, Singhal S. Predicting speciation probability from replicated population histories. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2954-2956. [PMID: 32745299 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Yamasaki et al. (2020) use genetic data from extensive sampling of Rhinogobius goby fish across the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan to demonstrate the parallel speciation of a freshwater form from an ancestral amphidromous form. They then show that ecosystem size strongly predicts the probability of speciation between the two forms across islands. In doing so, this study connects population-level processes (microevolution) to broad-scale biodiversity patterns (macroevolution), an important but understudied link in evolutionary biology. Moving forward, we can build on this research to (a) more directly determine how geographic, ecological and historical factors influence the different stages of the speciation process, and (b) understand whether mechanisms inferred from insular radiations extend to those on continents, where both demographic histories and environmental regimes are likely more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
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21
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Gamba D, Muchhala N. Global patterns of population genetic differentiation in seed plants. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3413-3428. [PMID: 32743850 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the factors that drive patterns of population differentiation in plants is critical for understanding several biological processes such as local adaptation and incipient speciation. Previous studies have given conflicting results regarding the significance of pollination mode, seed dispersal mode, mating system, growth form and latitudinal region in shaping patterns of genetic structure, as estimated by FST values, and no study to date has tested their relative importance together across a broad scale. Here, we assembled a 337-species data set for seed plants from publications with data on FST from nuclear markers and species traits, including variables pertaining to the sampling scheme of each study. We used species traits, while accounting for sampling variables, to perform phylogenetic multiple regressions. Results demonstrated that FST values were higher for tropical, mixed-mating, non-woody species pollinated by small insects, indicating greater population differentiation, and lower for temperate, outcrossing trees pollinated by wind. Among the factors we tested, latitudinal region explained the largest portion of variance, followed by pollination mode, mating system and growth form, while seed dispersal mode did not significantly relate to FST . Our analyses provide the most robust and comprehensive evaluation to date of the main ecological factors predicted to drive population differentiation in seed plants, with important implications for understanding the basis of their genetic divergence. Our study supports previous findings showing greater population differentiation in tropical regions and is the first that we are aware of to robustly demonstrate greater population differentiation in species pollinated by small insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gamba
- Biology Department, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Biology Department, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Huang J. Is population subdivision different from speciation? From phylogeography to species delimitation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6890-6896. [PMID: 32760499 PMCID: PMC7391551 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-level diversity and the underlying mechanisms that lead to the formation of new species, that is, speciation, have often been confounded with intraspecific diversity and population subdivision. The delineation between intraspecific and interspecific divergence processes has received much less attention than species delimitation. The ramifications of confounding speciation and population subdivision are that the term speciation has been used to describe many different biological divergence processes, rendering the results, or inferences, between studies incomparable. Phylogeographic studies have advanced our understanding of how spatial variation in the pattern of biodiversity can begin, become structured, and persist through time. Studies of species delimitation have further provided statistical and model-based approaches to determine the phylogeographic entities that merit species status. However, without a proper understanding and delineation between the processes that generate and maintain intraspecific and interspecific diversity in a study system, the delimitation of species may still not be biologically and evolutionarily relevant. I argue that variation in the continuity of the divergence process among biological systems could be a key factor leading to the enduring contention in delineating divergence patterns, or species delimitation, meriting future comparative studies to help us better understand the nature of biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen‐Pan Huang
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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23
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Van Buskirk J, Jansen van Rensburg A. Relative importance of isolation‐by‐environment and other determinants of gene flow in an alpine amphibian. Evolution 2020; 74:962-978. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TQ United Kingdom
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24
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Harvey MG, Singhal S, Rabosky DL. Beyond Reproductive Isolation: Demographic Controls on the Speciation Process. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of speciation typically investigate the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations, but several other processes can serve as key steps limiting the formation of species. In particular, the probability of successful speciation can be influenced by factors that affect the frequency with which population isolates form as well as their persistence through time. We suggest that population isolation and persistence have an inherently spatial dimension that can be profitably studied using a conceptual framework drawn from metapopulation ecology. We discuss models of speciation that incorporate demographic processes and highlight the need for a broader application of phylogenetic comparative approaches to evaluate the general importance of population isolation, persistence, and reproductive isolation in speciation. We review diverse and nontraditional data sources that can be leveraged to study isolation and persistence in a comparative framework. This incorporation of spatial demographic information facilitates the integration of perspectives on speciation across disciplines and timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Harvey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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25
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Skipwith PL, Bi K, Oliver PM. Relicts and radiations: Phylogenomics of an Australasian lizard clade with east Gondwanan origins (Gekkota: Diplodactyloidea). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 140:106589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Leal BSS, Graciano VA, Chaves CJN, Huacre LAP, Heuertz M, Palma-Silva C. Dispersal and local persistence shape the genetic structure of a widespread Neotropical plant species with a patchy distribution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:499-512. [PMID: 31219156 PMCID: PMC6798837 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Isolated populations constitute an ideal laboratory to study the consequences of intraspecific divergence, because intrinsic incompatibilities are more likely to accumulate under reduced gene flow. Here, we use a widespread bromeliad with a patchy distribution, Pitcairnia lanuginosa, as a model to infer processes driving Neotropical diversification and, thus, to improve our understanding of the origin and evolutionary dynamics of biodiversity in this highly speciose region. METHODS We assessed the timing of lineage divergence, genetic structural patterns and historical demography of P. lanuginosa, based on microsatellites, and plastid and nuclear sequence data sets using coalescent analyses and an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. Additionally, we used species distribution models (SDMs) to independently estimate potential changes in habitat suitability. KEY RESULTS Despite morphological uniformity, plastid and nuclear DNA data revealed two distinct P. lanuginosa lineages that probably diverged through dispersal from the Cerrado to the Central Andean Yungas, following the final uplift of the Andes, and passed through long-term isolation with no evidence of migration. Microsatellite data indicate low genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding within populations, and restricted gene flow among populations, which are likely to be a consequence of bottlenecks (or founder events), and high selfing rates promoting population persistence in isolation. SDMs showed a slight expansion of the suitable range for P. lanuginosa lineages during the Last Glacial Maximum, although molecular data revealed a signature of older divergence. Pleistocene climatic oscillations thus seem to have played only a minor role in the diversification of P. lanuginosa, which probably persisted through adverse conditions in riparian forests. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply drift as a major force shaping the evolution of P. lanuginosa, and suggest that dispersal events have a prominent role in connecting Neotropical open and forest biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simões Santos Leal
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Graciano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Pillaca Huacre
- Departamento de Ecología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Myers EA, Xue AT, Gehara M, Cox CL, Davis Rabosky AR, Lemos‐Espinal J, Martínez‐Gómez JE, Burbrink FT. Environmental heterogeneity and not vicariant biogeographic barriers generate community‐wide population structure in desert‐adapted snakes. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4535-4548. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Myers
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Washington DC USA
- Department of Herpetology The American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | | | - Marcelo Gehara
- Department of Herpetology The American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | - Christian L. Cox
- Department of Biology Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Alison R. Davis Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Julio Lemos‐Espinal
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla Mexico
| | | | - Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology The American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
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