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Solomon EI, Heppner DE, Johnston EM, Ginsbach JW, Cirera J, Qayyum M, Kieber-Emmons MT, Kjaergaard CH, Hadt RG, Tian L. Copper active sites in biology. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3659-853. [PMID: 24588098 PMCID: PMC4040215 DOI: 10.1021/cr400327t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Heppner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | - Jake W. Ginsbach
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Munzarin Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | | | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
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Damsgaard C, Fago A, Hagner-Holler S, Malte H, Burmester T, Weber RE. Molecular and functional characterization of hemocyanin of the giant African millipede, Archispirostreptus gigas. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1616-23. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
In contrast to other terrestrial arthropods where gaseous O2 that fuels aerobic metabolism diffuses to the tissues in tracheal tubes, and most other metazoans where O2 is transported to tissues by circulating respiratory proteins, the myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) strikingly have tracheal systems as well as circulating hemocyanin (Hc). In order to elucidate the evolutionary origin and biological significance of millipede Hc we report the molecular structure (subunit composition and amino acid sequence) of multimeric (36-mer) Hc from the forest-floor dwelling giant African millipede Archispirostreptus gigas and its allosteric oxygen binding properties under various physico-chemical conditions. A. gigas Hc consists of only a single subunit type with differential glycosylation. Phylogenic analysis reveals that millipede Hc is a sister group to centipede HcA, which supports an early divergence of distinct Hc subunits in myriapods and an ancient origin of multimeric Hcs. A. gigas Hc binds O2 with a high affinity and shows a strong normal Bohr effect. O2 binding is moreover modulated by Ca2+ ions, which increase the O2 affinity of the Hc in the T (tense; deoxygenated) as well as the R (relaxed; oxygenated) states, and by (L)-lactate, which modulates Hc-O2 affinity by changing the allosteric equilibrium constant, L. Cooperativity in O2-binding at half O2-saturation (n50) is pH-dependent and maximal at pH ~7.4 and the number of interacting O2 binding sites (q) is markedly increased by binding Ca2+. The data is discussed in the light of the role of mutually supplementary roles of Hc and the tracheal system for tissue O2 supply.
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Behrens JW, Elias JP, Taylor HH, Weber RE. The archaeogastropod mollusc Haliotis iris: tissue and blood metabolites and allosteric regulation of haemocyanin function. J Exp Biol 2002; 205:253-63. [PMID: 11821491 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
We investigated divalent cation and anaerobic end-product concentrations and the interactive effects of these substances and pH on haemocyanin oxygen-binding (Hc-O2) in the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris. During 24 h of environmental hypoxia (emersion), d-lactate and tauropine accumulated in the foot and shell adductor muscles and in the haemolymph of the aorta, the pedal sinus and adductor muscle lacunae, whereas l-lactate was not detected. Intramuscular and haemolymph d-lactate concentrations were similar, but tauropine accumulated to much higher levels in muscle tissues. Repeated disturbance and short-term exposure to air over 3 h induced no accumulation of d- or l-lactate and no change in [Ca2+], [Mg2+], pH and O2-binding properties of the native haemolymph.
The haemolymph showed a low Hc-O2 affinity, a large reverse Bohr effect and marked cooperativity. Dialysis increased Hc-O2 affinity, obliterated cooperativity and decreased the pH-sensitivity of O2 binding. Replacing Mg2+ and Ca2+ restored the native O2-binding properties and the reverse Bohr shift. l- and d-lactate exerted minor modulatory effects on O2-affinity. At in vivo concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+, the cooperativity is dependent largely on Mg2+, which modulates the O2 association equilibrium constants of both the high-affinity (KR) and the low-affinity (KT) states (increasing and decreasing, respectively). This allosteric mechanism contrasts with that encountered in other haemocyanins and haemoglobins. The functional properties of H. iris haemocyanin suggest that high rates of O2 delivery to the tissues are not a priority but are consistent with the provision of a large O2 reserve for facultatively anaerobic tissues during internal hypoxia associated with clamping to the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane W Behrens
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Morris S, Oliver S. Respiratory gas transport, haemocyanin function and acid–base balance in Jasus edwardsii during emersion and chilling: simulation studies of commercial shipping methods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The effects of temperature on aspects of respiratory physiology of the semi-terrestrial crabs, Uca inversa (Hoffmann) and Metopograpsus messor (Forskål) from the Red Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Taylor AC, Funge-Smith SJ. Temperature and Salinity Effects on Oxygen Transport by the Hemolymph of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1086/physzool.67.3.30163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport by the haemocyanin of an amphibious crab,Holthuisana transversa. J Comp Physiol B 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00691020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The haemocyanin of the tarantula Lasiodora erythrocythara—the influence of CO2, organic cofactors and temperature on oxygen affinity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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