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Ramakrishnan S, Sagi R, Akerman M, Asscher M. Same-Energy UV Photons and Low-Energy Electrons Activating Methane and Ammonia Frozen in Amorphous Solid Water. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3432-3443. [PMID: 33871255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UV photons and low-energy electrons play an important role in the evolution of various molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Here, we examined the product molecule formation as a result of irradiation of 193 nm photons and 6.4 eV electrons (same energy under identical laboratory conditions) on D2O|CH4 + ND3|D2O sandwiched films deposited on Ru(0001) substrate at 25 K in ultrahigh vacuum as a model for processes in the ISM. Temperature-programmed desorption spectra performed following the irradiation revealed the signature of hydrazine and formamide product molecules. These molecules were, however, formed exclusively following the photons' irradiation. These results were compared with the products obtained from a D2O|CH4|D2O sample without ammonia, where deuterated formaldehyde was the dominant product, formed also by photons only. Our results indicate that the photon-induced activation of the cofrozen molecules within D2O occurs via direct (partial) dissociation of the host and embedded molecules, followed by sample annealing. The electron-induced activation occurs through a direct dissociative electron attachment mechanism. The results presented here suggest possible pathways to generate various C-N, C-O, C-C, N-O, and N-H bonds containing molecules in the ISM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Ramakrishnan
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roey Sagi
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Michelle Akerman
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Micha Asscher
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Sørensen M, Neilson EHJ, Møller BL. Oximes: Unrecognized Chameleons in General and Specialized Plant Metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:95-117. [PMID: 29275165 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oximes (R1R2C=NOH) are nitrogen-containing chemical constituents that are formed in species representing all kingdoms of life. In plants, oximes are positioned at important metabolic bifurcation points between general and specialized metabolism. The majority of plant oximes are amino acid-derived metabolites formed by the action of a cytochrome P450 from the CYP79 family. Auxin, cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates, and a number of other bioactive specialized metabolites including volatiles are produced from oximes. Oximes with the E configuration have high biological activity compared with Z-oximes. Oximes or their derivatives have been demonstrated or proposed to play roles in growth regulation, plant defense, pollinator attraction, and plant communication with the surrounding environment. In addition, oxime-derived products may serve as quenchers of reactive oxygen species and storage compounds for reduced nitrogen that may be released on demand by the activation of endogenous turnover pathways. As highly bioactive molecules, chemically synthesized oximes have found versatile uses in many sectors of society, especially in the agro- and medical sectors. This review provides an update on the structural diversity, occurrence, and biosynthesis of oximes in plants and discusses their role as key players in plant general and specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth H J Neilson
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kolesniková L, Tercero B, Alonso ER, Guillemin JC, Cernicharo J, Alonso JL. Rotational spectrum of methoxyamine up to 480 GHz: a laboratory study and astronomical search. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 2018; 609:A24. [PMID: 29983447 PMCID: PMC6031297 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Methoxyamine is a potential interstellar amine that has been predicted by gas-grain chemical models for the formation of complex molecules. The aim of this work is to provide direct experimental frequencies of its ground-vibrational state in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave regions to achieve its detection in the interstellar medium. METHODS Methoxyamine was chemically liberated from its hydrochloride salt, and its rotational spectrum was recorded at room temperature from 75 to 480 GHz using the millimeter-wave spectrometer in Valladolid. Many observed transitions revealed A-E splitting caused by the internal rotation of the methyl group, which had to be treated with specific internal rotation codes. RESULTS Over 400 lines were newly assigned for the most stable conformer of methoxyamine, and a precise set of spectroscopic constants was obtained. Spectral features of methoxyamine were then searched for in the Orion KL, Sgr B2, B1-b, and TMC-1 molecular clouds. Upper limits to the column density of methoxyamine were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kolesniková
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopia y Bioespectroscopia, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - B Tercero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - E R Alonso
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopia y Bioespectroscopia, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J-C Guillemin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - J Cernicharo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - J L Alonso
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopia y Bioespectroscopia, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Tsegaw YA, Góbi S, Förstel M, Maksyutenko P, Sander W, Kaiser RI. Formation of Hydroxylamine in Low-Temperature Interstellar Model Ices. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7477-7493. [PMID: 28892389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Loison JC, Agúndez M, Wakelam V, Roueff E, Gratier P, Marcelino N, Nuñez Reyes D, Cernicharo J, Gerin M. The interstellar chemistry of C 3H and C 3H 2 isomers. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 470:4075-4088. [PMID: 29142332 PMCID: PMC5683352 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the detection of linear and cyclic isomers of C3H and C3H2 towards various starless cores and review the corresponding chemical pathways involving neutral (C3Hx with x=1,2) and ionic (C3Hx+ with x = 1,2,3) isomers. We highlight the role of the branching ratio of electronic Dissociative Recombination (DR) reactions of C3H2+ and C3H3+ isomers showing that the statistical treatment of the relaxation of C3H* and C3H2* produced in these DR reactions may explain the relative c,l-C3H and c,l-C3H2 abundances. We have also introduced in the model the third isomer of C3H2 (HCCCH). The observed cyclic-to-linear C3H2 ratio vary from 110 ± 30 for molecular clouds with a total density around 1×104 molecules.cm-3 to 30 ± 10 for molecular clouds with a total density around 4×105 molecules.cm-3, a trend well reproduced with our updated model. The higher ratio for low molecular cloud densities is mainly determined by the importance of the H + l-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 and H + t-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 isomerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Loison
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Marcelino Agúndez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C\ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - Valentine Wakelam
- Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Evelyne Roueff
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-92190 Meudon, France
| | - Pierre Gratier
- Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Núria Marcelino
- INAF, Osservatorio di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dianailys Nuñez Reyes
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - José Cernicharo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C\ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - Maryvonne Gerin
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, F-75005 Paris, France
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Aponte JC, Elsila JE, Glavin DP, Milam SN, Charnley SB, Dworkin JP. Pathways to Meteoritic Glycine and Methylamine. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2017; 1:3-13. [PMID: 32500112 PMCID: PMC7271971 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.6b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycine and methylamine are meteoritic water-soluble organic compounds that provide insights into the processes that occurred before, during, and after the formation of the Solar System. Both glycine and methylamine and many of their potential synthetic precursors have been studied in astrophysical environments via observations, laboratory experiments, and modeling. In spite of these studies, the synthetic mechanisms for their formation leading to their occurrence in meteorites remain poorly understood. Typical 13C-isotopic values (δ13C) of meteoritic glycine and methylamine are 13C-enriched relative to their terrestrial counterparts; thus, analyses of their stable carbon isotopic compositions (13C/12C) may be used not only to assess terrestrial contamination in meteorites, but also to provide information about their synthetic routes inside the parent body. Here, we examine potential synthetic routes of glycine and methylamine from a common set of precursors present in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, using data from laboratory analyses of the well-studied CM2 meteorite Murchison. Several synthetic mechanisms for the origins of glycine and methylamine found in carbonaceous chondrites may be possible, and the prevalence of these mechanisms will largely depend on (a) the molecular abundance of the precursor molecules and (b) the levels of processing (aqueous and thermal) that occurred inside the parent body. In this work, we also aim to contextualize the current knowledge about gas-phase reactions and irradiated ice grain chemistry for the synthesis of these species through parent body processes. Our evaluation of various mechanisms for the origins of meteoritic glycine and methylamine from simple species shows what work is still needed to evaluate both, the abundances and isotopic compositions of simpler precursor molecules from carbonaceous chondrites, as well as the effects of parent body processes on those abundances and isotopic compositions. The analyses presented here combined with the indicated measurements will aid a better interpretation of quantitative analysis of reaction rates, molecular stability, and distribution of organic products from laboratory simulations of interstellar ices, astronomical observations, and theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. Aponte
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Jamie E. Elsila
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Daniel P. Glavin
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Stefanie N. Milam
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Steven B. Charnley
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Jason P. Dworkin
- The Goddard Center for Astrobiology and Solar System Exploration Division, Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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