Thermodynamics of solid argon at high temperatures

Pressure-Dependent Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour of a Molecular Crystal of Bromine

This study investigates the pressure-dependent thermal and mechanical properties of solid bromine through density functional theory (DFT) calculations used in conjunction with the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). At ambient pressure, bromine crystallizes as a molecular crystal of Cmca symmetry. Previous studies have indicated that upon compression, this polymorph should undergo a bandgap closure at 80 GPa followed by a phase transition to a nonmolecular phase at 90 GPa. By employing QHA, we model the lattice vibrations and calculate the free energy, thermal expansion, and specific heat capacities of solid molecular bromine over a temperature range from 0 to 1000 K and pressures up to 90 GPa. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as bulk modulus and elastic constants are also analyzed. The results reveal the significant impact that pressure has on the thermal properties, mechanical stability, and dynamical stability of a molecular crystal. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of such systems under extreme conditions, potentially guiding future experimental and theoretical investigations.

Efficient approaches to solutions of partition function for condensed matters

The key problem of statistical physics standing over one hundred years is how to exactly calculate the partition function (or free energy), which severely hinders the theory to be applied to predict the thermodynamic properties of condensed matters. Very recently, we developed a direct integral approach (DIA) to the solutions and achieved ultrahigh computational efficiency and precision. In the present work, the background and the limitations of DIA were examined in details, and another method with the same efficiency was established to overcome the shortage of DIA for condensed system with lower density. The two methods were demonstrated with empirical potentials for solid and liquid cooper, solid argon and C₆₀ molecules by comparing the derived internal energy or pressure with the results of vast molecular dynamics simulations, showing that the precision is about ten times higher than previous methods in a temperature range up to melting point. The ultrahigh efficiency enables the two methods to be performed with ab initio calculations and the experimental equation of state of solid copper up to ∼600 GPa was well reproduced, for the first time, from the partition function via density functional theory implemented.

How accurate for phonon models to predict the thermodynamics properties of crystals

Previous work has shown that thermodynamics properties calculated by phonon model with quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) may differ badly from experiment in some cases. The inaccuracy was examined in the present work by comparing the results of QHA for argon and copper crystal with the ones of molecular dynamics simulations, partition functions obtained by a new method or experiment. It is shown that QHA works well for the systems of atomic volume smaller than 22 ų/atom and the accuracy gets lower and lower gradually with increasing of the atomic volume. Based on this fact, the disagreement (or agreement) between the thermodynamics properties of MgO, Si, CaO, ZrO₂ calculated in previous work by QHA and the experiments can be well understood.

Comparison of Two Efficient Methods for Calculating Partition Functions

In the long-time pursuit of the solution to calculating the partition function (or free energy) of condensed matter, Monte-Carlo-based nested sampling should be the state-of-the-art method, and very recently, we established a direct integral approach that works at least four orders faster. In present work, the above two methods were applied to solid argon at temperatures up to 300 K. The derived internal energy and pressure were compared with the molecular dynamics simulation as well as experimental measurements, showing that the calculation precision of our approach is about 10 times higher than that of the nested sampling method.

Anharmonic stabilization of the high-pressure simple cubic phase of calcium

The phonon spectrum of the high-pressure simple cubic phase of calcium, in the harmonic approximation, shows imaginary branches that make it mechanically unstable. In this Letter, the phonon spectrum is recalculated by using density-functional theory ab initio methods fully including anharmonic effects up to fourth order at 50 GPa. Considering that the perturbation theory cannot be employed with imaginary harmonic frequencies, a variational procedure based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality is used to estimate the renormalized phonon frequencies. The results show that strong quantum anharmonic effects make the imaginary phonons become positive even at zero temperature so that the simple cubic phase becomes mechanically stable, as experiments suggest. Moreover, our calculations find a superconducting T(c) in agreement with experiments and predict an anomalous behavior of the specific heat.