1
|
Kunkyab T, Magliari A, Jirasek A, Mou B, Hyde D. Semi-automated vertex placement for lattice radiotherapy and dosimetric verification using 3D polymer gel dosimetry. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024:e14489. [PMID: 39186819 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of an open-source, semi-automated, and reproducible vertex placement tool to improve the efficiency of lattice radiotherapy (LRT) planning. We used polymer gel dosimetry with a Cone Beam CT (CBCT) readout to commission this LRT technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS We generated a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-based LRT plan on a 2 L NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter using our Eclipse Acuros version 15.6 AcurosXB beam model, and also recalculated the plan with a pre-clinical Acuros v18.0 dose calculation algorithm with the enhanced leaf modelling (ELM). With the assistance of the MAAS-SFRThelper software, a lattice vertex diameter of 1.5 cm and center-to-center spacing of 3 cm were used to place the spheres in a hexagonal, closed packed structure. The verification plan included four gantry arcs with 15°, 345°, 75°, 105° collimator angles. The spheres were prescribed 20 Gy to 50% of their combined volume. The 6 MV Flattening Filter Free beam energy was used to deliver the verification plan. The dosimetric accuracy of the LRT delivery was evaluated with 1D dose profiles, 2D isodose maps, and a 3D global gamma analysis. RESULTS Qualitative comparisons between the 1D dose profiles of the Eclipse plan and measured gel showed good consistency at the prescription dose mark. The average diameter measured 13.3 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v15.6), 12.6 mm (v15.6 plan), 13.1 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v18.0), and 12.3 mm (v18.0 plan). 3D gamma analysis showed that all gamma pass percent were > 95% except at 1% and 2% at the 1 mm distance to agreement criteria. CONCLUSION This study presents a novel application of gel dosimetry in verifying the dosimetric accuracy of LRT, achieving excellent 3D gamma results. The treatment planning was facilitated by publicly available software that automatically placed the vertices for consistency and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Kunkyab
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Mou
- BC Cancer, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Derek Hyde
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karger CP, Elter A, Dorsch S, Mann P, Pappas E, Oldham M. Validation of complex radiotherapy techniques using polymer gel dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:06TR01. [PMID: 38330494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Modern radiotherapy delivers highly conformal dose distributions to irregularly shaped target volumes while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Due to the complex planning and delivery techniques, dose verification and validation of the whole treatment workflow by end-to-end tests became much more important and polymer gel dosimeters are one of the few possibilities to capture the delivered dose distribution in 3D. The basic principles and formulations of gel dosimetry and its evaluation methods are described and the available studies validating device-specific geometrical parameters as well as the dose delivery by advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as 3D-CRT/IMRT and stereotactic radiosurgery treatments, the treatment of moving targets, online-adaptive magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy as well as proton and ion beam treatments, are reviewed. The present status and limitations as well as future challenges of polymer gel dosimetry for the validation of complex radiotherapy techniques are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Karger
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Elter
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dorsch
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mann
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Radiology & Radiotherapy Sector, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Oldham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu B, Haithem Zaki S, García E, Bonilla A, Thabit D, Hussein Adab A. The investigation of dose rate and photon beam energy dependence of optimized PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter using magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 32:751-764. [PMID: 38217634 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It seems that dose rate (DR) and photon beam energy (PBE) may influence the sensitivity and response of polymer gel dosimeters. In the current project, the sensitivity and response dependence of optimized PASSAG gel dosimeter (OPGD) on DR and PBE were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We fabricated the OPGD and the gel samples were irradiated with various DRs and PBEs. Then, the sensitivity and response (R2) of OPGD were obtained by MRI at various doses and post-irradiation times. RESULTS Our analysis showed that the sensitivity and response of OPGD are not affected by the evaluated DRs and PBEs. It was also found that the dose resolution values of OPGD ranged from 9 to 33 cGy and 12 to 34 cGy for the evaluated DRs and PBEs, respectively. Additionally, the data demonstrated that the sensitivity and response dependence of OPGD on DR and PBE do not vary over various times after the irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research project revealed that the sensitivity and response dependence of OPGD are independent of DR and PBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Room, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaima Haithem Zaki
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Eduardo García
- Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Amanda Bonilla
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Sede Orellana, El Coca, Ecuador
| | - Daha Thabit
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aya Hussein Adab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goosheh A, Abtahi SMM, Mahdavi SR. Response investigation of a new polymer gel dosimeter based on ammonium salt through MRI technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110956. [PMID: 37531731 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the use of polymer gel dosimetry (PGD) in radiotherapy requires reducing its toxicity. The toxicity of the PGD components causes risks for the users as well as the environment. The aim of this study is to produce a new PGD called PAGBIT (Polymer, Amps ammonium salt, Gelatin, BIs, Thpc) based on the nontoxic monomer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid ammonium salt. Furthermore, this monomer is ecofriendly. The PAGBIT PGD was prepared in the laboratory in ambient conditions. PGDs were irradiated using a clinical accelerator with a dose range of 0-10 Gy. The incident photon energy and dose rate were 6-MV and 300 cGy/min, respectively. The irradiated PGDs were imaged using a 1.5T MRI scanner 9 times in a time range of 12-720 h post-irradiation. The maximum obtained sensitivity was 0.115 ± 0.005 Gy-1s-1 at 36 h post-irradiation time. The average sensitivity change as a function of post-irradiation time was 0.0017 Gy-1s-1h-1. However, the average sensitivity change as a function of scanning temperature was 0.0006 Gy-1s-1°C-1. Results showed that the differences of effective atomic number and electron density between PAGBIT and soft tissue were 2.3% and 0.3%, respectively. It was concluded that the PAGBIT is a low toxic, water equivalent PGD with noticeable temporal and temperature stabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Almajidi YQ, Awad SA, Alhachami FR, Gatea MA, Kadhum WR. Dosimetric properties of PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter in electron beam radiotherapy using magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:XST230073. [PMID: 37212060 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several physical factors such as photon beam energy, electron beam energy, and dose rate may affect the dosimetric properties of polymer gel dosimeters. The photon beam energy and dose rate dependence of PASSAG gel dosimeter were previously evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the dosimetric properties of the optimized PASSAG gel samples in various electron beam energies. METHODS The optimized PASSAG gel samples are first fabricated and irradiated to various electron energies (5, 7, 10 and 12 MeV). Then, the response (R2) and sensitivity of gel samples are analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging technique at a dose range of 0 to 10 Gy, scanning room temperature range of 15 to 22 °C, and post-irradiation time range of 1 to 30 days. RESULTS The R2-dose response and sensitivity of gel samples do not change under the evaluated electron beam energies (the differences are less than 5%). Furthermore, a dose resolution range of 11 to 38 cGy is obtained for the gel samples irradiated to different electron beam energies. Moreover, the findings show that the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of gel samples on electron beam energy varies over different scanning room temperatures and post-irradiation times. CONCLUSION The dosimetric assessment of the optimized PASSAG gel samples provides the promising data for this dosimeter during electron beam radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | | | - Sameer A Awad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Firas Rahi Alhachami
- Radiology Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Maher Abdulfadhil Gatea
- Technical Engineering Department College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu L, Du Y, Peng Y, Xiang X, Wang X. End-to-End QA with Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Photon Beam Radiation Therapy. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030212. [PMID: 36975661 PMCID: PMC10048457 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the complexity and high demands on quality assurance (QA) of photon beam radiation therapy, end-to-end (E2E) QA is necessary to validate the entire treatment workflow from pre-treatment imaging to beam delivery. A polymer gel dosimeter is a promising tool for three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution measurement. The purpose of this study is to design a fast “one delivery” polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for the E2E QA test of the photon beam. The one delivery phantom is composed of ten calibration cuvettes for the calibration curve measurement, two 10 cm gel dosimeter inserts for the dose distribution measurement, and three 5.5 cm gel dosimeters for the square field measurement. The one delivery phantom holder is comparable in size and shape to that of a human thorax and abdomen. In addition, an anthropomorphic head phantom was employed to measure the patient-specific dose distribution of a VMAT plan. The E2E dosimetry was verified by undertaking the whole RT procedure (immobilization, CT simulation, treatment planning, phantom set-up, imaged-guided registration, and beam delivery). The calibration curve, field size, and patient-specific dose were measured with a polymer gel dosimeter. The positioning error can be mitigated with the one-delivery PMMA phantom holder. The delivered dose measured with a polymer gel dosimeter was compared with the planned dose. The gamma passing rate is 86.64% with the MAGAT-f gel dosimeter. The results ascertain the feasibility of the one delivery phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for a photon beam in E2E QA. The QA time can be reduced with the designed one delivery phantom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zhu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiotherapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yahui Peng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xincheng Xiang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangang Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Z, Ma Y, Mushtaq A, Radhakrishnan V, Hu Y, Ren H, Song W, Tse ZTH. Engineering functional and anthropomorphic models for surgical training in interventional radiology: A state-of-the-art review. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:3-17. [PMID: 36377860 PMCID: PMC9841824 DOI: 10.1177/09544119221135086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Training medical students in surgical procedures and evaluating their performance are both necessary steps to ensure the safety and efficacy of surgeries. Traditionally, trainees practiced on live patients, cadavers or animals under the supervision of skilled physicians, but realistic anatomical phantom models have provided a low-cost alternative because of the advance of material technology that mimics multi-layer tissue structures. This setup provides safer and more efficient training. Many research prototypes of phantom models allow rapid in-house prototyping for specific geometries and tissue properties. The gel-based method and 3D printing-based method are two major methods for developing phantom prototypes. This study excluded virtual reality based technologies and focused on physical phantoms, total 189 works published between 2015 and 2020 on anatomical phantom prototypes made for interventional radiology were reviewed in terms of their functions and applications. The phantom prototypes were first categorized based on fabrication methods and then subcategorized based on the organ or body part they simulated; the paper is organized accordingly. Engineering specifications and applications were analyzed and summarized for each study. Finally, current challenges in the development of phantom models and directions for future work were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yangmyung Ma
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Adeel Mushtaq
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Vignesh Radhakrishnan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Yihua Hu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenzhan Song
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zion Tsz Ho Tse
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London,Zion Tsz Ho Tse, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 229 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Deene Y. Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D. Gels 2022; 8:599. [PMID: 36135311 PMCID: PMC9498652 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gel dosimetry was developed in the 1990s in response to a growing need for methods to validate the radiation dose distribution delivered to cancer patients receiving high-precision radiotherapy. Three different classes of gel dosimeters were developed and extensively studied. The first class of gel dosimeters is the Fricke gel dosimeters, which consist of a hydrogel with dissolved ferrous ions that oxidize upon exposure to ionizing radiation. The oxidation results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, which makes it possible to read out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding an indicator such as xylenol orange. The second class of gel dosimeters is the radiochromic gel dosimeters, which also exhibit a color change upon irradiation but do not use a metal ion. These radiochromic gel dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties. The third class is the polymer gel dosimeters, which contain vinyl monomers that polymerize upon irradiation. Polymer gel dosimeters are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. The accuracy of the dosimeters depends on both the physico-chemical properties of the gel dosimeters and on the readout technique. Many different gel formulations have been proposed and discussed in the scientific literature in the last three decades, and scanning methods have been optimized to achieve an acceptable accuracy for clinical dosimetry. More recently, with the introduction of the MR-Linac, which combines an MRI-scanner and a clinical linear accelerator in one, it was shown possible to acquire dose maps during radiation, but new challenges arise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves De Deene
- Liverpool & Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia; or
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Induced Radionuclides and Their Activity Concentration in Gel Dosimeters Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040203. [PMID: 35448104 PMCID: PMC9026313 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactivity was measured in a micellar gel dosimeter, a polymer gel dosimeter, and water was irradiated by carbon ion beams at various beam energy conditions. Monte Carlo simulation was also performed to estimate the radioactivity. Short-lived positron-emitting nuclides were observed immediately after irradiation, but they decayed rapidly into the background. At 24 h post-irradiation, the dominant measured radioactivity was of 7Be. The simulation also showed minor activity of 24Na and 3H; however, they were not experimentally observed. The measured radioactivity was independent of the type of gel dosimeter under all irradiation conditions, suggesting that the radioactivity was induced by the interaction of carbon ions with water (the main component of the gel dosimeters). The ratio between the simulated and measured radioactivity was within 0.9–1.5. The activity concentration of 7Be was found to be less than 1/10 of the value derived using the exemption concept proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency. This result should be applicable to irradiated gel dosimeters containing mainly water and 0–4 wt.% C and 0–1.7 wt.% N.
Collapse
|
10
|
Aliasgharzadeh A, Anaraki V, Khoramian D, Ghorbani M, Farhood B. The impact of various amounts of fabricating components on the response of PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter: An optimization study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
11
|
Mariotti V, Gayol A, Pianoschi T, Mattea F, Vedelago J, Pérez P, Valente M, Alva-Sánchez M. Radiotherapy dosimetry parameters intercomparison among eight gel dosimeters by Monte Carlo simulation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Alyani Nezhad Z, Geraily G. A review study on application of gel dosimeters in low energy radiation dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110015. [PMID: 34753087 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accuracy of dose delivered to tumors and surrounding normal tissues is vital in either radiotherapy using low energy photons and radiological techniques as well as radiotherapy with mega voltage energies. This systematic review focuses on applications of gel dosimetry in low energy radiation contexts applied either through radiotherapy or interventional radiology. METHODS Literature was reviewed based on electronic databases: Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate and IOP science. The search was conducted on relevant terms in the title and keywords. 82 articles related to our criteria has been extracted and included in the study. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that almost all types of gel dosimeters had an acceptable accuracy and high resolution in low energy radiation contexts with their own limitations and advantages. CONCLUSION Gel dosimeters compete well with other conventional dosimeters in terms of tissue equivalence and energy dependence; however, choosing the best gel dosimeter for use in low energy radiation dosimetry depends on their different limitation and advantages. There are some general features about each gel group which can help to select the suitable gel related to our work. For example, methacrylic acid based gel dosimeters show higher sensitivity compared to other types of gel dosimeters but have more toxicity and are dose rate dependent in the range of dose rates applied in low energy contexts. In addition, Fricke gel dosimeters exhibit less sensitivity while they are independent of dose rate and energy applied in low energy situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alyani Nezhad
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valente M, Chacón D, Mattea F, Meilij R, Pérez P, Romero M, Scarinci I, Vedelago J, Vitullo F, Wolfel A. Linear energy transfer characterization of five gel dosimeter formulations for electron and proton therapeutic beams. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109972. [PMID: 34649094 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gel dosimeters, including radiochromic types like Fricke, as well as polymer formulations, are considered to be the only reliable option for accurate 3D dosimetry. Nevertheless, their implementation in daily clinical quality assurance still remains strongly limited for a few high specialized radiotherapy centres. Although gel dosimeters present very good water-equivalence due to their inherent chemical and isotopic compositions, addressing the corresponding dosimetry outputs is highly challenging, needing careful assessment in terms of the different radiation qualities involved in the mixed field. Accurate estimations of the linear energy transfer for each gel dosimeter formulation stands as a baseline for further accurate dose deconvolution in mixed radiation fields. The present study reports on the linear energy transfer characterization of five different gel dosimeter formulations, Fricke, Itabis, Magic, Nipam, and Pagat, for electron and proton therapeutic beams as obtained by Monte Carlo approaches, along with experimental results for validation purposes. The linear energy transfer, as a function of beam quality and penetration depth, is obtained for electron and proton therapeutic beams remarking the presence of non-negligible variations, which need to be accounted for a further accurate implementation of gel dosimetry as well as for precise dose deconvolution in mixed radiation fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Valente
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina (CFIM) y Depto. de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - D Chacón
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Mattea
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R Meilij
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Pérez
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - I Scarinci
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Vedelago
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Vitullo
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Wolfel
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Experimental characterization and Monte Carlo simulations of the dose enhancement on the millimeter scale of PAGAT infused with gadolinium. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Prabhu S, Bharadwaj DY, Podder R, Bubbly SG, Gudennavar SB. Natural polymer-based hydrogels as prospective tissue equivalent materials for radiation therapy and dosimetry. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:1107-1120. [PMID: 34398391 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymer-based hydrogels have been extensively employed in tissue engineering and biomedical applications, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. In the present work, we have investigated the efficacy of hydrogels such as agarose, hyaluronan, gelatin, carrageenan, chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen as tissue equivalent materials with respect to photon and charged particle (electron, proton and alpha particle) interactions, for use in radiation therapy and dosimetry. Tissue equivalence has been investigated by computing photon mass energy absorption coefficient (μen/ρ), kinetic energy released per unit mass (KERMA), equivalent atomic number (Zeq) and energy absorption build-up factors (EABF) relative to human tissues (soft tissue, cortical bone, skeletal muscle, breast tissue, lung tissue, adipose tissue, skin tissue, brain) in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. Ratio of effective atomic numbers (Zeff) have been examined for tissue-equivalence in the energy range of 10 keV-1 GeV for charged particle interactions. Analysis using standard theoretical formulations revealed that all the selected natural polymers can serve as good tissue equivalent materials with respect to all human tissues except cortical bone. Notably, sodium alginate, collagen and hyaluronan are found to have radiation interaction characteristics close to that of human tissues. These results would be useful in deciding on the suitability of a natural polymer hydrogel as tissue substitute in the desired energy range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Dhanya Y Bharadwaj
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Rachaita Podder
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - S G Bubbly
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
| | - S B Gudennavar
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synchrotron X-ray Irradiation of a Rat’s Head Model: Monte Carlo Study of Chromatic Gel Dosimetry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate treatment planning in radiotherapy essentially decreases damage to healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. Due to plans to use a direct, highly collimated, narrow beam with high intensity to treat small area tumors, researchers have studied microbeam radiation therapy extensively. Using a synchrotron beam as the radiation source may help to limit damage, but treatment planning using computerized simulations and dosimetry is still necessary to achieve optimal results. For this purpose, PDA-gel dosimeters were developed and their sensitivity around a 150 keV induced synchrotron X-ray radiation beam was examined via Monte Carlo simulations using the EGS5 code system. The microbeam development is now at the animal study stage. In this study, we simulate the irradiation of a rat’s brain. The simulation results obtained spectra for two types of PDA-gel dosimeters that were compared with the spectrum obtained in a modelized brain tumor of a rat. Additionally, percentage depth dose curves were calculated for the brain tissue and the two gels. Correction equations for the dosimeters were obtained from the dose-difference plots. For further references, these equations can be used to calculate the actual dose in a brain tumor in a rat. The Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that PDA-gel dosimeters can be used for treatment planning using synchrotron irradiations.
Collapse
|
17
|
Elter A, Dorsch S, Thomas S, Hentschke CM, Floca RO, Runz A, Karger CP, Mann P. PAGAT gel dosimetry for everyone: gel production, measurement and evaluation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34237712 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac12a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer gel (PG) dosimetry is a valuable tool to measure complex dose distributions in 3D with a high spatial resolution. However, due to complex protocols that need to be followed for in-house produced PGs and the high costs of commercially available gels, PG gels are only rarely applied in quality assurance procedures worldwide. In this work, we provide an introduction to perform highly standardized dosimetric PG experiments using PAGAT (PolyAcrylamide Gelatine gel fabricated at ATmospheric conditions) dosimetry gel. PAGAT gel can be produced at atmospheric conditions, at low costs and is evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The conduction of PG experiments is described in great detail including the gel production, treatment planning, irradiation, MRI evaluation and post-processing procedure. Furthermore, a plugin in an open source image processing tool for post-processing is provided free of charge that allows a standardized and reproducible analysis of PG experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Elter
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Dorsch
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Thomas
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M Hentschke
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R O Floca
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Runz
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C P Karger
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Mann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kozicki M, Jaszczak M, Dudek M, Maras P. Laser Light Trapping Phenomenon in a 3D Radiotherapy Polymer Gel Dosimeter. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143961. [PMID: 34300879 PMCID: PMC8303211 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of laser light trapping (LLT) in a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. A VIC-T polymer gel dosimeter containing 17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and 14 mM tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride was used in this study. It was exposed to green laser light with a wavelength of 532 nm. A film was recorded during the exposure. After exposure, Raman spectroscopy was used to study the reactions taking place inside the dosimeter. The obtained results were used to explain what the LLT phenomenon is, what are the consequences for the dosimeter in which such a phenomenon occurs, and what dosimeter components play an important role in the occurrence of LLT. In addition, the conditions under which 3D polymer gel dosimeters can be measured using optical computed tomography at short wavelengths of visible laser light are indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kozicki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Lodz University of Technology, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Malwina Jaszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Lodz University of Technology, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Dudek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Maras
- Medical Physics Department, Copernicus Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marot M, Elter A, Mann P, Schwahofer A, Lang C, Johnen W, Körber SA, Beuthien-Baumann B, Gillmann C. Technical Note: On the feasibility of performing dosimetry in target and organ at risk using polymer dosimetry gel and thermoluminescence detectors in an anthropomorphic, deformable, and multimodal pelvis phantom. Med Phys 2021; 48:5501-5510. [PMID: 34260079 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of performing dose measurements in the target (prostate) and an adjacent organ at risk (rectum) using polymer dosimetry gel and thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) in an anthropomorphic, deformable, and multimodal pelvis phantom (ADAM PETer). METHODS The 3D printed prostate organ surrogate of the ADAM PETer phantom was filled with polymer dosimetry gel. Nine TLD600 (LiF:Mg,Ti) were installed in 3 × 3 rows on a specifically designed 3D-printed TLD holder. The TLD holder was inserted into the rectum at the level of the prostate and fixed by a partially inflated endorectal balloon. Computed tomography (CT) images were taken and treatment planning was performed. A prescribed dose of 4.5 Gy was delivered to the planning target volume (PTV). The doses measured by the dosimetry gel in the prostate and the TLDs in the rectum ("measured dose") were compared to the doses calculated by the treatment planning system ("planned dose") on a voxel-by-voxel basis. RESULTS In the prostate organ surrogate, the 3D-γ-index was 97.7% for the 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance to agreement criterium. In the center of the prostate organ surrogate, measured and planned doses showed only minor deviations (<0.1 Gy, corresponding to a percentage error of 2.22%). On the edges of the prostate, slight differences between planned and measured doses were detected with a maximum deviation of 0.24 Gy, corresponding to 5.3% of the prescribed dose. The difference between planned and measured doses in the TLDs was on average 0.08 Gy (range: 0.02-0.21 Gy), corresponding to 1.78% of the prescribed dose (range: 0.44%-4.67%). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using polymer dosimetry gel and TLDs for 3D and 1D dose measurements in the prostate and the rectum organ surrogates in an anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodal phantom. The described methodology might offer new perspectives for end-to-end tests in image-guided adaptive radiotherapy workflows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Marot
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Elter
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mann
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,HQ-Imaging GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schwahofer
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Lang
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wibke Johnen
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan A Körber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Beuthien-Baumann
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gillmann
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vedelago J, Chacón D, Romero M, Venencia D, Mattea F, Valente M. Dose-response of Fricke- and PAGAT-dosimetry gels in kilovoltage and megavoltage photon beams: Impact of LET on sensitivity. Phys Med 2021; 84:41-49. [PMID: 33838531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dosimetry of ionizing radiation quantifies the energy deposited by an incident beam to the medium. This study presents the relative response of two types of gel dosimeters describing their differences by estimating radiation chemical yields produced in water radiolysis. METHODS Two types of gel dosimeter were used, namely an acid ferrous ion solution infused with xylenol orange known as Fricke gel and a polymer gel based on acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) known as PAGAT. Samples were irradiated using two photon beam energies, one from a conventional X-ray tube operated at 44 kV and the other one from a LINAC operated at 6 MV. The dosimeters were analyzed by optical absorbance and magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, the linear energy transfer of each beam was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations for further estimation of the radiation chemical yields produced during water radiolysis. RESULTS Obtained results for both gel dosimeters indicate that their response at 44 kV and 6 MV are different, regardless of the read-out technique. On average, the sensitivity at 44 kV was found to be 65 % of the response at 6 MV. The calculated radiation chemical yields are in agreement with the observed experimental results. CONCLUSIONS The main reason for the difference in the response of the dosimeters may be related to the linear energy transfer of each photon beam, which varies the production of primary chemical species during water radiolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Vedelago
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - David Chacón
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Fśica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Marcelo Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Venencia
- Instituto Zunino - Fundación Marie Curie, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Mattea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauro Valente
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina - CFIM & Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wolfel A, Chacón D, Romero MR, Valente M, Mattea F. Synthesis of a metal chelating monomer for radiation polymer dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Romero M, Macchione MA, Mattea F, Strumia M. The role of polymers in analytical medical applications. A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Moftah B, Basfar AA, Almousa AA, Al Kafi AM, Rabaeh KA. Novel 3D polymer gel dosimeters based on N-(3-Methoxypropyl)acrylamide (NMPAGAT) for quality assurance in radiation oncology. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Baldock C, Karger CP, Zaidi H. Gel dosimetry provides the optimal end‐to‐end quality assurance dosimetry for MR‐linacs. Med Phys 2020; 47:3259-3262. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clive Baldock
- School of Engineering College of Science and Engineering University of Tasmania TAS Hobart 7005Australia
| | - Christian P. Karger
- Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO) Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO) Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 Heidelberg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Farahani S, Riyahi Alam N, Haghgoo S, Shirazi A, Geraily G, Gorji E, Kavousi N. The effect of bismuth nanoparticles in kilovoltage and megavoltage radiation therapy using magnetic resonance imaging polymer gel dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Zhang W, Wang K, Hu X, Zhang X, Chang S, Zhang H. Preparation of
W
1
/O/
W
2
emulsion to limit the diffusion of Fe
3+
in the Fricke gel
3D
dosimeter. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Shuquan Chang
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Material Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSoutheast University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fontanarosa D, Benitez J, Talkhani S, Fielding A, Entezam A, Trapp J, Moi D, Biasi G, Petasecca M, Mazzieri R. A novel add-on collimator for preclinical radiotherapy applications using a standard cell irradiator: design, construction, and validation. Med Phys 2020; 47:2461-2471. [PMID: 32133649 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical radiotherapy applications require dedicated irradiation systems which are expensive and not widely available. In this work, a clinical dual source 137 Cs cell irradiator was adapted to deliver 1-cm diameter preclinical treatment beams using a lead and stainless steel custom-made collimator to treat one or two mice at a time. METHODS The dosimetric characteristics of all the different components of the system (including collimator, phantoms, and radiation sources) have been simulated with EGSnrc Monte Carlo methods. The collimator was constructed based on these simulations and the calculated results were verified against dosimetric measurements with MOSKin detectors, GAFchromic films, and dosimetric gels. RESULTS The comparisons showed an agreement, in terms of full width half maximum values, between the simulated and the measured dose cross profiles at the midline within 4% for both gel dosimetry and GAFchromic films. Out of beam dose, measured in air at the collimator midplane with MOSFET detectors was between 6% and 10% of the beam axis dose. The dimensions of the beam are constant along the vertical axis of the collimator and also the simulated and measured Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) curves show an agreement within 1%. CONCLUSIONS The collimator design developed in this work allows the creation of a beam with the necessary characteristics for ablative radiotherapy treatments on small animals using a standard clinical cell irradiator. This collimator design will make advanced preclinical studies with ablative beams possible for all those institutions which do not have collimated preclinical irradiators available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Jessica Benitez
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.,Chemistry Physics Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Sana Talkhani
- Chemistry Physics Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Andrew Fielding
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.,Chemistry Physics Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Amir Entezam
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Jamie Trapp
- Chemistry Physics Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Giordano Biasi
- School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Marco Petasecca
- School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Clinical radiotherapy application of N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing 3D polymer gel dosimeters with remote external MR-reading. Phys Med 2020; 69:134-146. [PMID: 31901838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced 3D dosimetry is required for verifications of complex dose distributions in modern radiotherapy. Two 3D polymer gel dosimeters, coupled with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3 T MRI) readout and data processing with polyGeVero® software, were tested for the verification of calculated 3D dose distributions by a treatment planning system (TPS) and ArcCHECK®-3DVH®, related to eradication of a lung tumour. METHODS N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing 3D polymer gel dosimeters were used: VIC (containing ascorbic acid and copper sulfate pentahydrate) and VIC-T (containing tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride). Three remote centers were involved in the dosimeters preparation and irradiation (Poland), and MRI (Austria). Cross beam calibration of the dosimeters and verification of a 3D dose distribution calculated with an Eclipse External Beam TPS and ArcCHECK®-3DVH® were performed. The 3D-to-3D comparisons of the VIC and VIC-T with TPS and ArcCHECK®-3DVH® along with ArcCHECK®-3DVH® versus TPS dose matrixes were performed with the aid of the polyGeVero® by analyzing dose profiles, isodoses lines, gamma index, gamma angle, dose difference, and related histograms. RESULTS The measured MR-relaxation rate (R2 = 1/T2) for the dosimeters relates to the dose, as follows: R2 = 0.0928 ± 0.0008 [Gy-1 s-1] × D [Gy] + 2.985 ± 0.012 [s-1] (VIC) and 0.1839 ± 0.0044 [Gy-1 s-1] × D [Gy] + 2.519 ± 0.053 [s-1] (VIC-T). The 3D-to-3D comparisons revealed a good agreement between the measured and calculated 3D dose distributions. CONCLUSIONS VIC and VIC-T with 3T MRI readout and polyGeVero® showed potential for verifications of calculated irradiation plans. The results obtained suggest the implementation of the irradiation plan for eradication of the lung tumour.
Collapse
|
29
|
Elter A, Dorsch S, Mann P, Runz A, Johnen W, Spindeldreier CK, Klüter S, Karger CP. End-to-end test of an online adaptive treatment procedure in MR-guided radiotherapy using a phantom with anthropomorphic structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:225003. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab4d8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Dorsch S, Mann P, Elter A, Runz A, Spindeldreier CK, Klüter S, Karger CP. Measurement of isocenter alignment accuracy and image distortion of an 0.35 T MR-Linac system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:205011. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Kozicki M, Jaszczak M, Kwiatos K, Maras P, Kadlubowski S, Wach R, Dudek M. Three-dimensional radiochromic and polymer gel dosimeters with Pluronic F-127 matrix – a review of current research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1305/1/012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Chacón D, Vedelago J, Strumia MC, Valente M, Mattea F. Raman spectroscopy as a tool to evaluate oxygen effects on the response of polymer gel dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 150:43-52. [PMID: 31121487 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, advanced dosimeters like polymer gels are capable of obtaining reliable and accurate 3D dose distributions from correlations with the different polymerization degrees induced by incident radiation. Samples of polymer gel dosimeters are commonly read out using magnetic resonance imaging or optical methods like visible light transmission or laser computed tomography. Alternatively, this work proposes and evaluates the implementation of Raman spectroscopy to provide direct information on the effect of oxygen permeating through the walls of phantoms on the polymerization initiated by irradiation in three types of polymer gel dosimeters, namely NIPAM, ITABIS and PAGAT. The aim of the present study is to provide better and complete interpretations using three different containers, adequate for integral, 2D and 3D dose mapping. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the well-known effect of oxygen inhibition on the different polymer gel dosimeters remarking the importance of avoiding air exposition during sample storage and readout. Dose-response curves for different polymer gels were obtained in terms of measurements with a calibrated ionization chamber. Additionally, dedicated Monte Carlo simulations were performed aimed at characterizing dose for different X-ray irradiation setups, providing also suitable information to evaluate oxygen diffusion through the sample wall. The obtained results were contrasted with optical transmission readout as well as Monte Carlo simulations attaining very good agreements for all dosimeter types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chacón
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - J Vedelago
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG) - CONICET, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M C Strumia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Valente
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG) - CONICET, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina (CFIM) & Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, Temuco, Chile
| | - F Mattea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, M. Allende s/n, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mann P, Schwahofer A, Karger CP. Absolute dosimetry with polymer gels-a TLD reference system. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:045010. [PMID: 30630134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafd41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Absolute dosimetry in 3D with polymer gels (PG) is generally complicated and usually requires a second independent measurement with conventional detectors. This is why, PG are often used only for relative dosimetry. To overcome this drawback, we combine PG with a 1D thermoluminescence (TL) detector within the same measurement. The TL detector information is then used as additional information for calibration of the gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PAGAT dosimetry gel was used in combination with TLD600 (LiF:Mg,Ti). TL detectors were attached on the surface of the PG container placed inside a cylindrical phantom. To test the usability of this setup, two irradiation geometries were carried out: (a) homogeneous target coverage and (b) small-field irradiation. PG was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the TL detectors with a Harshaw 5500 hot gas reader. RESULTS PG dosimetry alone showed deviations of up to 4% as compared to calculations. Including additionally the dose information of the TL detectors for PG calibration, this deviation was decreased to less than 1% for both irradiation geometries. This is also reflected by the very high [Formula: see text]-passing rates of > 96% (3%/3 mm) and >93% (2%/2 mm), respectively. CONCLUSION This study presents a novel method combining 3D PG and TL dose measurements for the purpose of absolute 3D dose measurements that can also be applied in complex anthropomorphic phantoms using only a single measurement. The method was validated for two different irradiation geometries including a homogeneous large field as well as a small field irradiation with sharp dose gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Mann
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Therapy (E040), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany. National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. These authors contributed equally to this study
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jaszczak M, Kolesińska B, Wach R, Maras P, Dudek M, Kozicki M. Examination of THPC as an oxygen scavenger impacting VIC dosimeter thermal stability and comparison of NVP-containing polymer gel dosimeters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:035019. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafa86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
36
|
Effect of inorganic salts and matrix crosslinking on the dose response of polymer gel dosimeters based on acrylamide. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
37
|
Jaszczak M, Wach R, Maras P, Dudek M, Kozicki M. Substituting gelatine with Pluronic F-127 matrix in 3D polymer gel dosimeters can improve nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal and optical properties. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:175010. [PMID: 30102250 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad9d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work discusses the substitution of a gelatine physical gel matrix with a matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in five 3D radiotherapy polymer gel dosimeters: MAGAT, PAGAT, NIPAM, VIPARnd (VIP) and VIPARCT (VIC). The current research outcomes showed that not each polymer gel dosimeter could be manufactured with Pluronic F-127. Two of the polymer gel dosimeters (PAGAT and VIP) containing the Pluronic F-127 matrix allowed for some proper dose response for radiotherapy dosimetry (a response to a dose range of e.g. 0‒50 Gy). The new best performing Pluronic-based polymer gel dosimeters were characterised by improved nuclear magnetic resonance properties, when being compared to gels with gelatine matrix at the same monomer content. These are: (i) a ~33% higher dose sensitivity; (ii) a comparable or slightly higher linear and dynamic dose range and (iii) a lower (new VIP composition, VIP3) or equivocal (new PAGAT composition, PAGAT2-Pluronic) dose threshold. However, there might be optimised gelatine based polymer dosimeters demonstrating even better sensitivity. UV-vis spectrophotometry measurements revealed that Pluronic matrices ensure six-times lower (VIP3-Pluronic) and eight-times lower (PAGAT2-Pluronic) absorbance (at 400 nm) of non-irradiated gels compared to gelatine matrices, which makes the new polymer gel dosimeters optically improved in comparison to their corresponding gelatine-based compositions. The differences in absorption reduce for higher wavelengths. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed the following temperature stability ranges for the gels: (i) VIP with gelatine matrix: 0 °C‒26 °C, (ii) VIP3 with Pluronic matrix: 13.8 °C-55.2 °C, (iii) PAGAT2 with gelatine matrix: 0 °C-80 °C and (iv) PAGAT2 with Pluronic matrix: 21.4 °C-55.2 °C. In conclusion, Pluronic F-127 is an attractive co-polymer to serve as a substitute for the gelatine matrix in some 3D polymer gel dosimeters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Jaszczak
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abtahi SMM, Pourghanbari M. A new less toxic polymer gel dosimeter: Radiological characteristics and dosimetry properties. Phys Med 2018; 53:137-144. [PMID: 30241748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new polymer gel dosimeter recipe was investigated that may be more suitable for widespread applications than polyacrylamide gel dosimeters, since the extremely toxic acrylamide has been replaced with the less harmful monomer 2-Acrylamido 2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic acid (AMPS). METHODS The new formulation was named PAMPSGAT. The MRI response (R2) of the dosimeters was analyzed for conditions of varying dose, dose rate, and temperature during scanning. Radiological properties of the PAMPSGAT polymer gel dosimeter were investigated. RESULTS The dose-response (R2) of AMPS/Bis appears to be linear over a dose range 10-40 Gy. The percentage of difference between the R2 values for imaging at 15 °C and MRI room temperature is about 4.6% for vial with 40 Gy absorbed dose which decreased to less than 1% for imaging at 20 °C. The percentage difference of Zeff of PAMPSGAT gel and soft tissue was less than 1% in the practical energy range (100 KeV-100 MeV). The electron density of the PAMPSGAT polymer gel was 2.9% higher than that of muscle. Results showed that the sensitivity of PAMPSGAT polymer gel dosimeter irradiated by 60Co (energy = 1.25 MeV) is about 27.7% higher than that of irradiated using a 6 MeV Linac system. CONCLUSIONS Temperature during MRI scanning has a small effect on the R2 response of the PAMPSGAT polymer gel dosimeter. Results confirmed tissue equivalency of the PAMPSGAT polymer gel dosimeter in most practical energy range. The PAMPSGAT polymer gel dosimeter response depends on energy and dose rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Pourghanbari
- Medical Imaging Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Influence of magnesium chloride on the dose-response of polyacrylamide-type gel dosimeters. Radiol Phys Technol 2018; 11:375-381. [PMID: 30182145 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-018-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) on the nuclear magnetic resonance dose-response of polyacrylamide-type (PAGAT, NIPAM, and VIPET) gel dosimeters containing acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, and N-vinylpyrrolidone as a monomer, respectively. The dose-transverse relaxation rates (1/T2 = R2) obtained from magnetic resonance imaging data revealed that a substantial increase in the dose-R2 response occurred as the concentration of MgCl2 in the gel dosimeters increased. The sensitivity of the PAGAT gel with 1.0 M MgCl2 was found to be approximately one order higher than that of the same gel without MgCl2. In addition, the water equivalences of the gels with MgCl2 were evaluated over a wide range of photon energies. The results indicated that MgCl2 acts as a powerful sensitizer to radiation-induced free-radical polymerization in polyacrylamide-type gel dosimeters, but does not interfere with the desirable properties of basic polyacrylamide-type gel dosimeters (i.e., the dose rate and dose integration).
Collapse
|
40
|
Farhood B, Abtahi SMM, Geraily G, Ghorbani M, Mahdavi SR, Zahmatkesh MH. Dosimetric characteristics of PASSAG as a new polymer gel dosimeter with negligible toxicity. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
41
|
Feasibility of dose enhancement assessment: Preliminary results by means of Gd-infused polymer gel dosimeter and Monte Carlo study. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:210-218. [PMID: 29678602 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the experimental development of an integral Gd-infused dosimeter suitable for Gd dose enhancement assessment along with Monte Carlo simulations applied to determine the dose enhancement by radioactive and X-ray sources of interest in conventional and electronic brachytherapy. In this context, capability to elaborate a stable and reliable Gd-infused dosimeter was the first goal aimed at direct and accurate measurements of dose enhancement due to Gd presence. Dose-response was characterized for standard and Gd-infused PAGAT polymer gel dosimeters by means of optical transmission/absorbance. The developed Gd-infused PAGAT dosimeters demonstrated to be stable presenting similar dose-response as standard PAGAT within a linear trend up to 13 Gy along with good post-irradiation readout stability verified at 24 and 48 h. Additionally, dose enhancement was evaluated for Gd-infused PAGAT dosimeters by means of Monte Carlo (PENELOPE) simulations considering scenarios for isotopic and X-ray generator sources. The obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a maximum enhancement around of (14 ± 1)% for 192Ir source and an average enhancement of (70 ± 13)% for 241Am. However, dose enhancement up to (267 ± 18)% may be achieved if suitable filtering is added to the 241Am source. On the other hand, optimized X-ray spectra may attain dose enhancements up to (253 ± 22) %, which constitutes a promising future alternative for replacing radioactive sources by implementing electronic brachytherapy achieving high dose levels.
Collapse
|
42
|
Valente M, Vedelago J, Chacón D, Mattea F, Velásquez J, Pérez P. Water-equivalence of gel dosimeters for radiology medical imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:193-198. [PMID: 29555376 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
International dosimetry protocols are based on determinations of absorbed dose to water. Ideally, the phantom material should be water equivalent; that is, it should have the same absorption and scatter properties as water. This study presents theoretical, experimental and Monte Carlo modeling of water-equivalence of Fricke and polymer (NIPAM, PAGAT and itaconic acid ITABIS) gel dosimeters. Mass and electronic densities along with effective atomic number were calculated by means of theoretical approaches. Samples were scanned by standard computed tomography. Photon mass attenuation coefficients and electron stopping powers were examined. Theoretical, Monte Carlo and experimental results confirmed good water-equivalence for all gel dosimeters. Overall variations with respect to water in the low energy radiology range (up to 130 kVp) were found to be less than 3% in average.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Valente
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola - CONICET, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina - CFIM & Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 1145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - J Vedelago
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola - CONICET, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Chacón
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica, Avenida 1, Calle 9. Apartado Postal: 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - F Mattea
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada, IPQA, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Velásquez
- ICOS Inmunomédica, Lago Puyehue, 1750 Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Mayor, Chile
| | - P Pérez
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola - CONICET, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. M. Allende s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abtahi SMM, Sadeghi Abandansari H. Polymer gel dosimeters with PVA-GA matrix. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2017; 40:651-658. [PMID: 28752320 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-017-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Properties of a new polymer gel with cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol as a gelatinous matrix were investigated. The new polymer gel dosimeter was named PVABAT. The irradiation was performed using a calibrated 60Co beam. The dose responses of the PVABAT formulations were quantified with MRI transverse relaxation rate (R2) measurements. The results show that the PVABAT gel responds linearly to the absorbed dose for doses from 30 up to 45 Gy. The maximal amount of [Formula: see text] of PVABAT polymer gel dosimeter was about 0.19 Gy which was indicated on a better resolution in comparison with previously reported acrylamide-based polymer gel dosimeters formulations. Furthermore, the gel response remains stable in the investigated time (192 h) after the irradiation. The effective atomic number and electron density of the new gel showed a maximum difference of 3.2 and 2% with soft tissue respectively. The melting point also increased significantly for new formulation. Furthermore, the new gel formulation has an elemental tissue equivalency for dosimetry applications involving nuclear reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Abtahi
- Department of Physics, Imam Khomeini International University, Norouzian, P. O. Box 34149-16818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sadeghi Abandansari
- Department of cell Engineering, Cell Sience Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kozicki M, Kwiatos K, Kadlubowski S, Dudek M. TTC-Pluronic 3D radiochromic gel dosimetry of ionizing radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:5668-5690. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa77eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Matrosic C, McMillan A, Holmes J, Bednarz B, Culberson W. Dosimetric comparison of DEFGEL and PAGAT formulae paired with an MRI acquisition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 847. [PMID: 31452665 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/847/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Normoxic Polyacrylamide Gels, or nPAGs, are 3D gel dosimeters that measure dose through the process of radiation-induced polymerization. Two nPAG formulae are DEFGEL and PAGAT, which are very similar, but differ mainly due to different weight fractions of monomers. The dosimetric resolutions of the two formulae when paired with a Spin-Echo (SE) MRI sequence and a monoexponential fit were compared over a range of 0-15 Gy. It was found that in the dose range 0-6 Gy the PAGAT formula generally showed a much finer dose resolution, while the DEFGEL formula showed a finer resolution from 8-15 Gy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Matrosic
- The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI
| | - Alan McMillan
- The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, WI
| | - James Holmes
- The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, WI
| | - Bryan Bednarz
- The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI
| | - Wesley Culberson
- The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Watanabe Y, Warmington L, Gopishankar N. Three-dimensional radiation dosimetry using polymer gel and solid radiochromic polymer: From basics to clinical applications. World J Radiol 2017; 9:112-125. [PMID: 28396725 PMCID: PMC5368627 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate dose measurement tools are needed to evaluate the radiation dose delivered to patients by using modern and sophisticated radiation therapy techniques. However, the adequate tools which enable us to directly measure the dose distributions in three-dimensional (3D) space are not commonly available. One such 3D dose measurement device is the polymer-based dosimeter, which changes the material property in response to radiation. These are available in the gel form as polymer gel dosimeter (PGD) and ferrous gel dosimeter (FGD) and in the solid form as solid plastic dosimeter (SPD). Those are made of a continuous uniform medium which polymerizes upon irradiation. Hence, the intrinsic spatial resolution of those dosimeters is very high, and it is only limited by the method by which one converts the dose information recorded by the medium to the absorbed dose. The current standard methods of the dose quantification are magnetic resonance imaging, optical computed tomography, and X-ray computed tomography. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging is well established as a method for obtaining clinically relevant dosimetric data by PGD and FGD. Despite the likely possibility of doing 3D dosimetry by PGD, FGD or SPD, the tools are still lacking wider usages for clinical applications. In this review article, we summarize the current status of PGD, FGD, and SPD and discuss the issue faced by these for wider acceptance in radiation oncology clinic and propose some directions for future development.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kozicki M, Jaszczak M, Maras P, Dudek M, Cłapa M. On the development of a VIPARndradiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:986-1008. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
48
|
Sabbaghizadeh R, Shamsudin R, Deyhimihaghighi N, Sedghi A. Enhancement of Dose Response and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Image of PAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter by Adding Silver Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168737. [PMID: 28060829 PMCID: PMC5218462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the normoxic polyacrylamide gelatin and tetrakis hydroxy methyl phosphoniun chloride (PAGAT) polymer gel dosimeters were synthesized with and without the presence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The amount of Ag nanoparticles varied from 1 to 3 ml with concentration 3.14 g/l, thus forming two types of PAGAT polymer gel dosimeters before irradiating them with 6 to 25 Gy produced by 1.25-MeV 60Co gamma rays. In this range, the predominant gamma ray interaction with matter is by Compton scattering effect, as the photoelectric absorption effect diminishes. MRI was employed when evaluating the polymerization of the dosimeters and the gray scale of the MRI film was determined via an optical densitometer. Subsequent analyses of optical densities revealed that the extent of polymerization increased with the increase in the absorbed dose, while the increase of penetration depth within the dosimeters has a reverse effect. Moreover, a significant increase in the optical density-dose response (11.82%) was noted for dosimeters containing 2 ml Ag nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Sabbaghizadeh
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Roslinda Shamsudin
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Arman Sedghi
- Materials Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mann P, Witte M, Moser T, Lang C, Runz A, Johnen W, Berger M, Biederer J, Karger CP. 3D dosimetric validation of motion compensation concepts in radiotherapy using an anthropomorphic dynamic lung phantom. Phys Med Biol 2016; 62:573-595. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa51b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
50
|
Abtahi S. Characteristics of a novel polymer gel dosimeter formula for MRI scanning: Dosimetry, toxicity and temporal stability of response. Phys Med 2016; 32:1156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|