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Wang J, Liu Y, Hu A, Wu Z, Zhang H, Li J, Qiu R. THUBreast: an open-source breast phantom generation software for x-ray imaging and dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:065004. [PMID: 38346343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Establishing realistic phantoms of human anatomy is a continuing concern within virtual clinical trials of breast x-ray imaging. However, little attention has been paid to glandular distribution within these phantoms. The principal objective of this study was to develop breast phantoms considering the clinical glandular distribution.Approach. This research introduces an innovative method for integrating glandular distribution information into breast phantoms. We have developed an open-source software, THUBreast44http://github.com/true02Hydrogen/THUBreast/, which generates breast phantoms that accurately replicate both the structural texture and glandular distribution, two crucial elements in breast x-ray imaging and dosimetry. To validate the efficacy of THUBreast, we assembled three groups of breast phantoms (THUBreast, patient-based, homogeneous) for irradiation simulation and calculated the power-law exponents (β) and mean glandular dose (Dg), indicators of texture realism and radiation risk, respectively, utilizing MC-GPU.Main results. Upon the computation of theDgfor the THUBreast phantoms, it was found to be in agreement with that absorbed by the phantoms based on patients, with an average deviation of 4%. The estimates of averageDgthus obtained were on average 23% less than those computed for the homogeneous phantoms. It was observed that the homogeneous phantoms did overestimate the averageDgby 30% when compared to the phantoms based on patients. The mean value ofβfor the images of THUBreast phantoms was found to be 2.92 ± 0.08, which shows a commendable agreement with the findings of prior investigations.Significance. It is evidently clear from the results that THUBreast phantoms have a preliminary good performance in both imaging and dosimetry in terms of indicators of texture realism and glandular dose. THUBreast represents a further step towards developing a powerful toolkit for comprehensive evaluation of image quality and radiation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqi Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Joint Institute of Tsinghua University & Nuctech Company Limited Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Mettivier G, Lai Y, Jia X, Russo P. Virtual dosimetry study with three cone-beam breast computed tomography scanners using a fast GPU-based Monte Carlo code. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:045028. [PMID: 38237186 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To compare the dosimetric performance of three cone-beam breast computed tomography (BCT) scanners, using real-time Monte Carlo-based dose estimates obtained with the virtual clinical trials (VCT)-BREAST graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated platform dedicated to VCT in breast imaging. Approach. A GPU-based Monte Carlo (MC) code was developed for replicatingin silicothe geometric, x-ray spectra and detector setups adopted, respectively, in two research scanners and one commercial BCT scanner, adopting 80 kV, 60 kV and 49 kV tube voltage, respectively. Our cohort of virtual breasts included 16 anthropomorphic voxelized breast phantoms from a publicly available dataset. For each virtual patient, we simulated exams on the three scanners, up to a nominal simulated mean glandular dose of 5 mGy (primary photons launched, in the order of 1011-1012per scan). Simulated 3D dose maps (recorded for skin, adipose and glandular tissues) were compared for the same phantom, on the three scanners. MC simulations were implemented on a single NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 graphics card.Main results.Using the spread of the dose distribution as a figure of merit, we showed that, in the investigated phantoms, the glandular dose is more uniform within less dense breasts, and it is more uniformly distributed for scans at 80 kV and 60 kV, than at 49 kV. A realistic virtual study of each breast phantom was completed in about 3.0 h with less than 1% statistical uncertainty, with 109primary photons processed in 3.6 s computing time.Significance. We reported the first dosimetric study of the VCT-BREAST platform, a fast MC simulation tool for real-time virtual dosimetry and imaging trials in BCT, investigating the dose delivery performance of three clinical BCT scanners. This tool can be adopted to investigate also the effects on the 3D dose distribution produced by changes in the geometrical and spectrum characteristics of a cone-beam BCT scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mettivier
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini', Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Youfang Lai
- Innovative Technology of Radiotherapy Computation and Hardware (iTORCH) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 752878, United States of America
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Paolo Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini', Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Virtual Clinical Trials in 2D and 3D X-ray Breast Imaging and Dosimetry: Comparison of CPU-Based and GPU-Based Monte Carlo Codes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041027. [PMID: 35205775 PMCID: PMC8870739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Virtual clinical trials in X-ray breast imaging may permit substantial reduction of the costs, times, and exposure risk to patient of clinical trials. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are increasingly adopted for VCT in breast imaging and dosimetry studies. This work aims to compare three different platforms for breast VCT studies, to develop real-time virtual DM, DBT and BCT examinations, where the in-silico image acquisition process takes a computational time comparable to that typical of a corresponding real clinical examination. Abstract Computational reproductions of medical imaging tests, a form of virtual clinical trials (VCTs), are increasingly being used, particularly in breast imaging research. The accuracy of the computational platform that is used for the imaging and dosimetry simulation processes is a fundamental requirement. Moreover, for practical usage, the imaging simulation computation time should be compatible with the clinical workflow. We compared three different platforms for in-silico X-ray 3D breast imaging: the Agata (University & INFN Napoli) that was based on the Geant4 toolkit and running on a CPU-based server architecture; the XRMC Monte Carlo (University of Cagliari) that was based on the use of variance reduction techniques, running on a CPU hardware; and the Monte Carlo code gCTD (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) running on a single GPU platform with CUDA environment. The tests simulated the irradiation of cylindrical objects as well as anthropomorphic breast phantoms and produced 2D and 3D images and 3D maps of absorbed dose. All the codes showed compatible results in terms of simulated dose maps and imaging values within a maximum discrepancy of 3%. The GPU-based code produced a reduction of the computation time up to factor 104, and so permits real-time VCT studies for X-ray breast imaging.
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Mackenzie A, Kaur S, Thomson EL, Mitchell M, Elangovan P, Warren LM, Dance DR, Young KC. Effect of glandularity on the detection of simulated cancers in planar, tomosynthesis, and synthetic 2D imaging of the breast using a hybrid virtual clinical trial. Med Phys 2021; 48:6859-6868. [PMID: 34496038 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the threshold diameter of calcifications and masses for 2D imaging, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and synthetic 2D images, for a range of breast glandularities. This study shows the limits of detection for each of the technologies and the strengths and weaknesses of each in terms of visualizing the radiological features of small cancers. METHODS Mathematical voxel breast phantoms with glandularities by volume of 9%, 18%, and 30% with a thickness of 53 mm were created. Simulated ill-defined masses and calcification clusters with a range of diameters were inserted into some of these breast models. The imaging characteristics of a Siemens Inspiration X-ray system were measured for a 29 kV, tungsten/rhodium anode/filter combination. Ray tracing through the breast models was undertaken to create simulated 2D and DBT projection images. These were then modified to adjust the image sharpness, and to add scatter and noise. The mean glandular doses for the images were 1.43, 1.47, and 1.47 mGy for 2D and 1.92, 1.97, and 1.98 mGy for DBT for the three glandularities. The resultant images were processed to create 2D, DBT planes and synthetic 2D images. Patches of the images with or without a simulated lesion were extracted, and used in a four-alternative forced choice study to measure the threshold diameters for each imaging mode, lesion type, and glandularity. The study was undertaken by six physicists. RESULTS The threshold diameters of the lesions were 6.2, 4.9, and 6.7 mm (masses) and 225, 370, and 399 μm, (calcifications) for 2D, DBT, and synthetic 2D, respectively, for a breast glandularity of 18%. The threshold diameter of ill-defined masses is significantly smaller for DBT than for both 2D (p≤0.006) and synthetic 2D (p≤0.012) for all glandularities. Glandularity has a significant effect on the threshold diameter of masses, even for DBT where there is reduced background structure in the images. The calcification threshold diameters for 2D images were significantly smaller than for DBT and synthetic 2D for all glandularities. There were few significant differences for the threshold diameter of calcifications between glandularities, indicating that the background structure has little effect on the detection of calcifications. We measured larger but nonsignificant differences in the threshold diameters for synthetic 2D imaging than for 2D imaging for masses in the 9% (p = 0.059) and 18% (p = 0.19) glandularities. The threshold diameters for synthetic 2D imaging were larger than for 2D imaging for calcifications (p < 0.001) for all glandularities. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that glandularity has only a small effect on the detection of calcifications, but the threshold diameter of masses was significantly larger for higher glandularity for all of the modalities tested. We measured nonsignificantly larger threshold diameters for synthetic 2D imaging than for 2D imaging for masses at the 9% (p = 0.059) and 18% (p = 0.19) glandularities and significantly larger diameters for calcifications (p < 0.001) for all glandularities. The lesions simulated were very subtle and further work is required to examine the clinical effect of not seeing the smallest calcifications in clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mackenzie
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Sukhmanjit Kaur
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Emma L Thomson
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Premkumar Elangovan
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Lucy M Warren
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - David R Dance
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kenneth C Young
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Sarno A, Mettivier G, di Franco F, Varallo A, Bliznakova K, Hernandez AM, Boone JM, Russo P. Dataset of patient-derived digital breast phantoms for in silico studies in breast computed tomography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and digital mammography. Med Phys 2021; 48:2682-2693. [PMID: 33683711 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a dataset of computational digital breast phantoms derived from high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) clinical breast images for the use in virtual clinical trials in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D x-ray breast imaging. ACQUISITION AND VALIDATION METHODS Uncompressed computational breast phantoms for investigations in dedicated breast CT (BCT) were derived from 150 clinical 3D breast images acquired via a BCT scanner at UC Davis (California, USA). Each image voxel was classified in one out of the four main materials presented in the field of view: fibroglandular tissue, adipose tissue, skin tissue, and air. For the image classification, a semi-automatic software was developed. The semi-automatic classification was compared via manual glandular classification performed by two researchers. A total of 60 compressed computational phantoms for virtual clinical trials in digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) were obtained from the corresponding uncompressed phantoms via a software algorithm simulating the compression and the elastic deformation of the breast, using the tissue's elastic coefficient. This process was evaluated in terms of glandular fraction modification introduced by the compression procedure. The generated cohort of 150 uncompressed computational breast phantoms presented a mean value of the glandular fraction by mass of 12.3%; the average diameter of the breast evaluated at the center of mass was 105 mm. Despite the slight differences between the two manual segmentations, the resulting glandular tissue segmentation did not consistently differ from that obtained via the semi-automatic classification. The difference between the glandular fraction by mass before and after the compression was 2.1% on average. The 60 compressed phantoms presented an average glandular fraction by mass of 12.1% and an average compressed thickness of 61 mm. DATA FORMAT AND ACCESS The generated digital breast phantoms are stored in DICOM files. Image voxels can present one out of four values representing the different classified materials: 0 for the air, 1 for the adipose tissue, 2 for the glandular tissue, and 3 for the skin tissue. The generated computational phantoms datasets were stored in the Zenodo public repository for research purposes (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529852, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4515360). POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS The dataset developed within the INFN AGATA project will be used for developing a platform for virtual clinical trials in x-ray breast imaging and dosimetry. In addition, they will represent a valid support for introducing new breast models for dose estimates in 2D and 3D x-ray breast imaging and as models for manufacturing anthropomorphic physical phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Mettivier
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca di Franco
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Léon Bérard Cancer Center, University of Lyon & CREATiS, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio Varallo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kristina Bliznakova
- Department of Medical Equipment, Electronic and Information Technologies in Healthcare, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew M Hernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John M Boone
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Russo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ikejimba LC, Salad J, Graff CG, Goodsitt M, Chan HP, Huang H, Zhao W, Ghammraoui B, Lo JY, Glick SJ. Assessment of task-based performance from five clinical DBT systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom. Med Phys 2021; 48:1026-1038. [PMID: 33128288 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a limited-angle tomographic breast imaging modality that can be used for breast cancer screening in conjunction with full-field digital mammography (FFDM) or synthetic mammography (SM). Currently, there are five commercial DBT systems that have been approved by the U.S. FDA for breast cancer screening, all varying greatly in design and imaging protocol. Because the systems are different in technical specifications, there is a need for a quantitative approach for assessing them. In this study, the DBT systems are assessed using a novel methodology with an inkjet-printed anthropomorphic phantom and four alternative forced choice (4AFC) study scheme. METHOD A breast phantom was fabricated using inkjet printing and parchment paper. The phantom contained 5-mm spiculated masses fabricated with potassium iodide (KI)-doped ink and microcalcifications (MCs) made with calcium hydroxyapatite. Images of the phantom were acquired on all five systems with DBT, FFDM, and SM modalities where available using beam settings under automatic exposure control. A 4AFC study was conducted to assess reader performance with each signal under each modality. Statistical analysis was performed on the data to determine proportion correct (PC), standard deviations, and levels of significance. RESULTS For masses, overall detection was highest with DBT. The difference in PC was statistically significant between DBT and SM for most systems. A relationship was observed between increasing PC and greater gantry span. For MCs, performance was highest with DBT and FFDM compared to SM. The difference between PC of DBT and PC of SM was statistically significant for all manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS This methodology represents a novel approach for evaluating systems. This study is the first of its kind to use an inkjet-printed anthropomorphic phantom with realistic signals to assess performance of clinical DBT imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda C Ikejimba
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jesse Salad
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Christian G Graff
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Mitchell Goodsitt
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heang-Ping Chan
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bahaa Ghammraoui
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Joseph Y Lo
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Stephen J Glick
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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Rodríguez Pérez S, Coolen J, Marshall NW, Cockmartin L, Biebaû C, Desmet J, De Wever W, Struelens L, Bosmans H. Methodology to create 3D models of COVID-19 pathologies for virtual clinical trials. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:013501. [PMID: 33447646 PMCID: PMC7791575 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.s1.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We describe the creation of computational models of lung pathologies indicative of COVID-19 disease. The models are intended for use in virtual clinical trials (VCT) for task-specific optimization of chest x-ray (CXR) imaging. Approach: Images of COVID-19 patients confirmed by computed tomography were used to segment areas of increased attenuation in the lungs, all compatible with ground glass opacities and consolidations. Using a modeling methodology, the segmented pathologies were converted to polygonal meshes and adapted to fit the lungs of a previously developed polygonal mesh thorax phantom. The models were then voxelized with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm 3 and used as input in a simulation framework to generate radiographic images. Primary projections were generated via ray tracing while the Monte Carlo transport code was used for the scattered radiation. Realistic sharpness and noise characteristics were also simulated, followed by clinical image processing. Example images generated at 120 kVp were used for the validation of the models in a reader study. Additionally, images were uploaded to an Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for the detection of COVID-19. Results: Nine models of COVID-19 associated pathologies were created, covering a range of disease severity. The realism of the models was confirmed by experienced radiologists and by dedicated AI software. Conclusions: A methodology has been developed for the rapid generation of realistic 3D models of a large range of COVID-19 pathologies. The modeling framework can be used as the basis for VCTs for testing detection and triaging of COVID-19 suspected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunay Rodríguez Pérez
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium
| | - Johan Coolen
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas W. Marshall
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jeroen Desmet
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter De Wever
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bosmans
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
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di Franco F, Sarno A, Mettivier G, Hernandez A, Bliznakova K, Boone J, Russo P. GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations for virtual clinical trials in breast X-ray imaging: Proof of concept. Phys Med 2020; 74:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Vancoillie L, Marshall N, Cockmartin L, Vignero J, Zhang G, Bosmans H. Verification of the accuracy of a hybrid breast imaging simulation framework for virtual clinical trial applications. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:042804. [PMID: 32341939 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.4.042804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The impact of system parameters on signal detectability can be studied with simulation platforms. We describe the steps taken to verify and confirm the accuracy of a local platform developed for the use in virtual clinical trials. Approach: The platform simulates specific targets into existing two-dimensional full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis images acquired on a Siemens Inspiration system. There are three steps: (1) creation of voxel models or analytical objects; (2) generation of a realistic object template with accurate resolution, scatter, and noise properties; and (3) insertion and reconstruction. Four objects were simulated: a 0.5-mm aluminium (Al) sphere and a 0.2-mm-thick Al sheet in a PMMA stack, a 0.8-mm steel edge and a three-dimensional mass model in a structured background phantom. Simulated results were compared to acquired data. Results: Peak contrast and signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) were in close agreement ( < 5 % error) for both sphere and sheet. The similarity of pixel value profiles for sphere and sheet in the x y direction and the artifact spread function for real and simulated spheres confirmed accurate geometric modeling. Absolute and relative average deviation between modulation transfer function measured from a real and simulated edges showed accurate sharpness modelling for spatial frequencies up to the Nyquist frequency. Real and simulated objects could not be differentiated visually. Conclusions: The results indicate that this simulation framework is a strong candidate for use in virtual clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vancoillie
- KU Leuven, Division of Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- KU Leuven, Division of Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium.,UZ Leuven, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Guozhi Zhang
- UZ Leuven, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bosmans
- KU Leuven, Division of Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium.,UZ Leuven, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Diaz O, Elangovan P, Young KC, Wells K, Dance DR. Simple method for computing scattered radiation in breast tomosynthesis. Med Phys 2019; 46:4826-4836. [PMID: 31410861 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Virtual clinical trials (VCT) are a powerful imaging tool that can be used to investigate digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) technology. In this work, a fast and simple method is proposed to estimate the two-dimensional distribution of scattered radiation which is needed when simulating DBT geometries in VCTs. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations are used to precalculate scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) for a range of low-resolution homogeneous phantoms. The resulting values can be used to estimate the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of scattered radiation arising from inhomogeneous anthropomorphic phantoms used in VCTs. The method has been validated by comparing the values of the scatter thus obtained against the results of direct Monte Carlo simulation for three different types of inhomogeneous anthropomorphic phantoms. RESULTS Differences between the proposed scatter field estimation method and the ground truth data for the OPTIMAM phantom had an average modulus and standard deviation of over the projected breast area of 2.4 ± 0.9% (minimum -17.0%, maximum 27.7%). The corresponding values for the University of Pennsylvania and Duke University breast phantoms were 1.8 ± 0.1% (minimum -8.7%, maximum 8.0%) and 5.1 ± 0.1% (minimum -16.2%, maximum 7.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method, which has been validated using three of the most common breast models, is a useful tool for accurately estimating scattered radiation in VCT schemes used to study current designs of DBT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Diaz
- CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
- VICOROB, University of Girona, Girona, 17071, Spain
| | | | - Kenneth C Young
- NCCPM, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kevin Wells
- CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - David R Dance
- NCCPM, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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11
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Ikejimba LC, Salad J, Graff CG, Ghammraoui B, Cheng W, Lo JY, Glick SJ. A four‐alternative forced choice (4AFC) methodology for evaluating microcalcification detection in clinical full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems using an inkjet‐printed anthropomorphic phantom. Med Phys 2019; 46:3883-3892. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda C. Ikejimba
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
| | - Jesse Salad
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
| | - Christian G. Graff
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
| | - Bahaa Ghammraoui
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
| | - Wei‐Chung Cheng
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
| | - Joseph Y. Lo
- Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University 2424 Erwin Road Durham NC 27705USA
| | - Stephen J. Glick
- US Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring MD 20993USA
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12
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Kretz T, Anton M, Schaeffter T, Elster C. Determination of contrast-detail curves in mammography image quality assessment by a parametric model observer. Phys Med 2019; 62:120-128. [PMID: 31153391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach is proposed for the determination of contrast-detail curves in mammography image quality assessment. The approach is compared with current practice using virtual mammography. A binary parametric model observer is applied to images of the CDMAM phantom. The observer accounts for the simple disc shaped objects in the phantom and is applied separately to each cell of the phantom. For each of these applications, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model observer is determined. The different AUCs, calculated from different applications of the parametric model observer, are then combined to a single contrast-detail curve quantifying the ability of the observer to detect details in the images. Virtual mammography is developed as a tool to simulate X-ray images of single CDMAM cells and to quantitatively assess the approach in comparison with current practice. It is shown that the proposed approach can lead to similar contrast-detail curves as current practice. The precision of the estimated contrast-detail curves is increased, i.e. using 5 images yields about the same precision for the proposed approach as 16 images when applying current practice. We conclude that contrast-detail curves in mammography image quality assessment can also be determined through the AUC of a binary parametric model observer. Since the proposed approach has higher precision than current practice, it is a promising candidate for contrast-detail analysis in mammography image quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kretz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Anton
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - T Schaeffter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - C Elster
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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13
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Hadjipanteli A, Elangovan P, Mackenzie A, Wells K, Dance DR, Young KC. The threshold detectable mass diameter for 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. Phys Med 2019; 57:25-32. [PMID: 30738528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is currently under consideration for replacement of, or combined use with 2D-mammography in national breast screening programmes. To investigate the potential benefits that DBT can bring to screening, the threshold detectable lesion diameters were measured for different forms of DBT in comparison to 2D-mammography. The aim of this study was to compare the threshold detectable mass diameters obtained with narrow angle (15°/15 projections) and wide angle (50°/25 projections) DBT in comparison to 2D-mammography. Simulated images of 60 mm thick compressed breasts were produced with and without masses using a set of validated image modelling tools for 2D-mammography and DBT. Image processing and reconstruction were performed using commercial software. A series of 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) experiments was conducted for signal detection with the masses as targets. The threshold detectable mass diameter was found for each imaging modality with a mean glandular dose of 2.5 mGy. The resulting values of the threshold diameter for 2D-mammography (10.2 ± 1.4 mm) were found to be larger (p < 0.001) than those for narrow angle DBT (6.0 ± 1.1 mm) and wide angle DBT (5.6 ± 1.2 mm). There was no significant difference between the threshold diameters for wide and narrow angle DBT. Implications for the introduction of DBT alone or in combination with 2D-mammography in breast cancer screening are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Hadjipanteli
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK; Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Premkumar Elangovan
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Alistair Mackenzie
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Kevin Wells
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David R Dance
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kenneth C Young
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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14
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Elangovan P, Mackenzie A, Dance DR, Young KC, Wells K. Lesion detectability in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis using different targets and observers. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:095014. [PMID: 29637906 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aabd53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the detection performance of specialist and non-specialist observers for different targets in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) using the OPTIMAM virtual clinical trials (VCT) Toolbox and a 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) assessment paradigm. Using 2D-mammography and DBT images of virtual breast phantoms, we compare the detection limits of simple uniform spherical targets and irregular solid masses. Target diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm have been chosen to represent target sizes close to the minimum detectable size found in breast screening, across a range of controlled contrast levels. The images were viewed by a set of specialist observers (five medical physicists and six experienced clinical readers) and five non-specialists. Combined results from both observer groups indicate that DBT has a significantly lower detectable threshold contrast than 2D-mammography for small masses (4 mm: 2.1% [DBT] versus 6.9% [2D]; 6 mm: 0.7% [DBT] versus 3.9% [2D]) and spheres (4 mm: 2.9% [DBT] versus 5.3% [2D]; 6 mm: 0.3% [DBT] versus 2.2% [2D]) (p < 0.0001). Both observer groups found spheres significantly easier to detect than irregular solid masses for both sizes and modalities (p < 0.0001) (except 4 mm DBT). The detection performances of specialist and non-specialist observers were generally found to be comparable, where each group marginally outperformed the other in particular detection tasks. Within the specialist group, the clinical readers performed better than the medical physicists with irregular masses (p < 0.0001). The results indicate that using spherical targets in such studies may produce over-optimistic detection thresholds compared to more complex masses, and that the superiority of DBT for detecting masses over 2D-mammography has been quantified. The results also suggest specialist observers may be supplemented by non-specialist observers (with training) in some types of 4AFC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Elangovan
- Medical Imaging Group, Centre for Vision, Speech, and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. National Co-ordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, United Kingdom
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15
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Garcia E, Diez Y, Diaz O, Llado X, Gubern-Merida A, Marti R, Marti J, Oliver A. Multimodal Breast Parenchymal Patterns Correlation Using a Patient-Specific Biomechanical Model. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:712-723. [PMID: 28885152 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2749685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to produce a realistic 2-D projection of the breast parenchymal distribution from a 3-D breast magnetic resonance image (MRI). To evaluate the accuracy of our simulation, we compare our results with the local breast density (i.e., density map) obtained from the complementary full-field digital mammogram. To achieve this goal, we have developed a fully automatic framework, which registers MRI volumes to X-ray mammograms using a subject-specific biomechanical model of the breast. The optimization step modifies the position, orientation, and elastic parameters of the breast model to perform the alignment between the images. When the model reaches an optimal solution, the MRI glandular tissue is projected and compared with the one obtained from the corresponding mammograms. To reduce the loss of information during the ray-casting, we introduce a new approach that avoids resampling the MRI volume. In the results, we focus our efforts on evaluating the agreement of the distributions of glandular tissue, the degree of structural similarity, and the correlation between the real and synthetic density maps. Our approach obtained a high-structural agreement regardless the glandularity of the breast, whilst the similarity of the glandular tissue distributions and correlation between both images increase in denser breasts. Furthermore, the synthetic images show continuity with respect to large structures in the density maps.
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16
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A step-by-step review on patient-specific biomechanical finite element models for breast MRI to x-ray mammography registration. Med Phys 2017; 45:e6-e31. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Elangovan P, Mackenzie A, Dance DR, Young KC, Cooke V, Wilkinson L, Given-Wilson RM, Wallis MG, Wells K. Design and validation of realistic breast models for use in multiple alternative forced choice virtual clinical trials. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2778-2794. [PMID: 28291738 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for generating quasi-realistic voxel phantoms which simulate the compressed breast in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The models are suitable for use in virtual clinical trials requiring realistic anatomy which use the multiple alternative forced choice (AFC) paradigm and patches from the complete breast image. The breast models are produced by extracting features of breast tissue components from DBT clinical images including skin, adipose and fibro-glandular tissue, blood vessels and Cooper's ligaments. A range of different breast models can then be generated by combining these components. Visual realism was validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study of patches from simulated images calculated using the breast models and from real patient images. Quantitative analysis was undertaken using fractal dimension and power spectrum analysis. The average areas under the ROC curves for 2D and DBT images were 0.51 ± 0.06 and 0.54 ± 0.09 demonstrating that simulated and real images were statistically indistinguishable by expert breast readers (7 observers); errors represented as one standard error of the mean. The average fractal dimensions (2D, DBT) for real and simulated images were (2.72 ± 0.01, 2.75 ± 0.01) and (2.77 ± 0.03, 2.82 ± 0.04) respectively; errors represented as one standard error of the mean. Excellent agreement was found between power spectrum curves of real and simulated images, with average β values (2D, DBT) of (3.10 ± 0.17, 3.21 ± 0.11) and (3.01 ± 0.32, 3.19 ± 0.07) respectively; errors represented as one standard error of the mean. These results demonstrate that radiological images of these breast models realistically represent the complexity of real breast structures and can be used to simulate patches from mammograms and DBT images that are indistinguishable from patches from the corresponding real breast images. The method can generate about 500 radiological patches (~30 mm × 30 mm) per day for AFC experiments on a single workstation. This is the first study to quantitatively validate the realism of simulated radiological breast images using direct blinded comparison with real data via the ROC paradigm with expert breast readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Elangovan
- Medical Imaging Group, Centre for Vision, Speech, and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. National Coordination Centre for the Physics of Mammography (NCCPM), Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, United Kingdom
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18
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Mackenzie A, Marshall NW, Hadjipanteli A, Dance DR, Bosmans H, Young KC. Characterisation of noise and sharpness of images from four digital breast tomosynthesis systems for simulation of images for virtual clinical trials. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2376-2397. [PMID: 28151431 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5dd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In-depth evaluation of the noise and sharpness characteristics of FujiFilm Innovality, GE SenoClaire, Hologic Selenia Dimensions and Siemens Inspiration digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems was performed with the intention of improving image simulation for virtual clinical trials. Noise power spectra (NPS) and modulation transfer function curves (MTF) were measured for planar modes and for the first and central projections for DBT modes. In DBT mode, the x-ray beam was blocked for the projections before the central projection in order to remove the influence of lag and ghosting from the previous images. A quadratic fit between the NPS and linearised pixel value gave the noise coefficients for planar and DBT imaging modes. The spatial frequencies corresponding to an MTF of 0.5 (MTF0.5) were calculated from the MTF measurements made on the breast support and at 40 mm above the breast support. This was done for the first and the central projections. The percentage of signal carried over from the first projection to subsequent images (lag) was measured using a slit. The noise associated with lag was also evaluated. The DBT modes typically had lower electronic noise coefficients but higher structural noise coefficients compared to the respective planar mode MTF0.5 measured 40 mm above the table was between 6% and 47% lower for continuous scanning systems compared to 1% lower for step and shoot systems. For wide angle DBT, the MTF0.5 of the first projection was 18% (FujiFilm) and 28% (Siemens) lower than for the central projection. Lag in the second projection was 2.2%, 0.3%, 0.8% for the FujiFilm, GE and Hologic systems respectively. In all cases, the noise associated with lag was negligible. Current modelling frameworks for virtual clinical trials of breast DBT systems need to be adapted to account for signals from lag and variations in the MTF at wide angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mackenzie
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, United Kingdom
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19
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Hadjipanteli A, Elangovan P, Mackenzie A, Looney PT, Wells K, Dance DR, Young KC. The effect of system geometry and dose on the threshold detectable calcification diameter in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:858-877. [PMID: 28072582 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa4f6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is under consideration to replace or to be used in combination with 2D-mammography in breast screening. The aim of this study was the comparison of the detection of microcalcification clusters by human observers in simulated breast images using 2D-mammography, narrow angle (15°/15 projections) and wide angle (50°/25 projections) DBT. The effects of the cluster height in the breast and the dose to the breast on calcification detection were also tested. Simulated images of 6 cm thick compressed breasts were produced with and without microcalcification clusters inserted, using a set of image modelling tools for 2D-mammography and DBT. Image processing and reconstruction were performed using commercial software. A series of 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) experiments was conducted for signal detection with the microcalcification clusters as targets. Threshold detectable calcification diameter was found for each imaging modality with standard dose: 2D-mammography: 2D-mammography (165 ± 9 µm), narrow angle DBT (211 ± 11 µm) and wide angle DBT (257 ± 14 µm). Statistically significant differences were found when using different doses, but different geometries had a greater effect. No differences were found between the threshold detectable calcification diameters at different heights in the breast. Calcification clusters may have a lower detectability using DBT than 2D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Hadjipanteli
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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20
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Ikejimba LC, Graff CG, Rosenthal S, Badal A, Ghammraoui B, Lo JY, Glick SJ. A novel physical anthropomorphic breast phantom for 2D and 3D x-ray imaging. Med Phys 2017; 44:407-416. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda C. Ikejimba
- Division of Imaging; Diagnostics and Software Reliability; Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; Center for Diagnostic and Radiological Health; FDA; Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| | - Christian G. Graff
- Division of Imaging; Diagnostics and Software Reliability; Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; Center for Diagnostic and Radiological Health; FDA; Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| | - Shani Rosenthal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Computer Science; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburg PA 15213 USA
| | - Andreu Badal
- Division of Imaging; Diagnostics and Software Reliability; Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; Center for Diagnostic and Radiological Health; FDA; Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| | - Bahaa Ghammraoui
- Division of Imaging; Diagnostics and Software Reliability; Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; Center for Diagnostic and Radiological Health; FDA; Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| | - Joseph Y. Lo
- Department of Radiology; Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories; Medical Physics Graduate Program; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Duke University; Durham NC 27705 USA
| | - Stephen J. Glick
- Division of Imaging; Diagnostics and Software Reliability; Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; Center for Diagnostic and Radiological Health; FDA; Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
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21
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Petersson H, Warren LM, Tingberg A, Dustler M, Timberg P. VALIDATION OF A SIMULATION PROCEDURE FOR GENERATING BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS PROJECTION IMAGES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 169:386-91. [PMID: 26842713 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve optimal diagnostic performance in breast tomosynthesis (BT) imaging, the parameters of the imaging chain should be evaluated. For the purpose of such evaluations, a simulation procedure based on the Monte Carlo code system Penelope and the geometry of a Siemens BT system has been developed to generate BT projection images. In this work, the simulation procedure is validated by comparing contrast and sharpness in simulated images with contrast and sharpness in real images acquired with the BT system. The results of the study showed a good agreement of sharpness in real and simulated reconstructed image planes, but the contrast was shown to be higher in the simulated compared with the real projection images. The developed simulation procedure could be used to generate BT images, but it is of interest to further investigate how the procedure could be modified to generate more realistic image noise and contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannie Petersson
- Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucy M Warren
- National Coordinating Centre for the Physics of Mammography, Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Anders Tingberg
- Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dustler
- Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pontus Timberg
- Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Elangovan P, Alrehily F, Pinto RF, Rashidnasab A, Dance DR, Young KC, Wells K. Simulation of spiculated breast lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2216227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Cockmartin L, Marshall NW, Van Ongeval C, Aerts G, Stalmans D, Zanca F, Shaheen E, De Keyzer F, Dance DR, Young KC, Bosmans H. Comparison of digital breast tomosynthesis and 2D digital mammography using a hybrid performance test. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:3939-58. [PMID: 25909596 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a hybrid method for performing detection studies in projection image based modalities, based on image acquisitions of target objects and patients. The method was used to compare 2D mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in terms of the detection performance of spherical densities and microcalcifications. The method starts with the acquisition of spheres of different glandular equivalent densities and microcalcifications of different sizes immersed in a homogeneous breast tissue simulating medium. These target objects are then segmented and the subsequent templates are fused in projection images of patients and processed or reconstructed. This results in hybrid images with true mammographic anatomy and clinically relevant target objects, ready for use in observer studies. The detection study of spherical densities used 108 normal and 178 hybrid 2D and DBT images; 156 normal and 321 hybrid images were used for the microcalcifications. Seven observers scored the presence/absence of the spheres/microcalcifications in a square region via a 5-point confidence rating scale. Detection performance in 2D and DBT was compared via ROC analysis with sub-analyses for the density of the spheres, microcalcification size, breast thickness and z-position. The study was performed on a Siemens Inspiration tomosynthesis system using patient acquisitions with an average age of 58 years and an average breast thickness of 53 mm providing mean glandular doses of 1.06 mGy (2D) and 2.39 mGy (DBT). Study results showed that breast tomosynthesis (AUC = 0.973) outperformed 2D (AUC = 0.831) for the detection of spheres (p < 0.0001) and this applied for all spherical densities and breast thicknesses. By way of contrast, DBT was worse than 2D for microcalcification detection (AUC2D = 0.974, AUCDBT = 0.838, p < 0.0001), with significant differences found for all sizes (150-354 µm), for breast thicknesses above 40 mm and for heights above the detector of 20 mm and above. In conclusion, the hybrid method was successfully used to produce images for a detection study; results showed breast tomosynthesis outperformed 2D for spherical densities while further optimization of DBT for microcalcifications is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Cockmartin
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Division of Medical Physics & Quality Assessment, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Alvare G, Gordon R. CT brush and CancerZap!: two video games for computed tomography dose minimization. Theor Biol Med Model 2015; 12:7. [PMID: 25962597 PMCID: PMC4469010 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-015-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-ray dose from computed tomography (CT) scanners has become a significant public health concern. All CT scanners spray x-ray photons across a patient, including those using compressive sensing algorithms. New technologies make it possible to aim x-ray beams where they are most needed to form a diagnostic or screening image. We have designed a computer game, CT Brush, that takes advantage of this new flexibility. It uses a standard MART algorithm (Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique), but with a user defined dynamically selected subset of the rays. The image appears as the player moves the CT brush over an initially blank scene, with dose accumulating with every "mouse down" move. The goal is to find the "tumor" with as few moves (least dose) as possible. RESULTS We have successfully implemented CT Brush in Java and made it available publicly, requesting crowdsourced feedback on improving the open source code. With this experience, we also outline a "shoot 'em up game" CancerZap! for photon limited CT. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that human computing games like these, analyzed by methods similar to those used to understand eye tracking, will lead to new object dependent CT algorithms that will require significantly less dose than object independent nonlinear and compressive sensing algorithms that depend on sprayed photons. Preliminary results suggest substantial dose reduction is achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Alvare
- BioInformation Technology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, E2-532 EITC, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, MB, Canada. .,Current address: Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Box 107, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Richard Gordon
- Embryogenesis Center, Gulf Specimen Aquarium and Marine Laboratory, 222Clark Drive, Panacea, FL, 32346, USA. .,C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Stellarray, 9210 Cameron Road Suite #300, Austin, TX, 78754, USA.
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