1
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:6231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal's distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Kolesov DV, Sokolinskaya EL, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Molecular Tools for Targeted Control of Nerve Cell Electrical Activity. Part I. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:52-64. [PMID: 34707897 PMCID: PMC8526180 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern life sciences, the issue of a specific, exogenously directed manipulation of a cell's biochemistry is a highly topical one. In the case of electrically excitable cells, the aim of the manipulation is to control the cells' electrical activity, with the result being either excitation with subsequent generation of an action potential or inhibition and suppression of the excitatory currents. The techniques of electrical activity stimulation are of particular significance in tackling the most challenging basic problem: figuring out how the nervous system of higher multicellular organisms functions. At this juncture, when neuroscience is gradually abandoning the reductionist approach in favor of the direct investigation of complex neuronal systems, minimally invasive methods for brain tissue stimulation are becoming the basic element in the toolbox of those involved in the field. In this review, we describe three approaches that are based on the delivery of exogenous, genetically encoded molecules sensitive to external stimuli into the nervous tissue. These approaches include optogenetics (Part I) as well as chemogenetics and thermogenetics (Part II), which are significantly different not only in the nature of the stimuli and structure of the appropriate effector proteins, but also in the details of experimental applications. The latter circumstance is an indication that these are rather complementary than competing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. L. Sokolinskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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3
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Zhou S, Zhang S, Li J, Liu Z, Yu X. Syntheses, structures, and one- and two-photon excited fluorescence of dimesitylboryl-ended quadrupolar hybrid oligothiophenes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00694k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A group of dimesitylboryl-ended quadrupolar hybrid-oligothiophenes were examined aiming to optimize their TPEF properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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4
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Blaber S, Sivak DA. Optimal control of protein copy number. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:022118. [PMID: 32168689 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is often achieved by secreted signaling molecules that bind membrane-bound receptors. A common class of such receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, where extracellular binding induces changes on the membrane affinity near the receptor for certain cytosolic proteins, effectively altering their chemical potential. We analyze the minimum-dissipation schedules for dynamically changing chemical potential to induce steady-state changes in protein copy-number distributions, and illustrate with analytic solutions for linear chemical reaction networks. Protocols that change chemical potential on biologically relevant timescales are experimentally accessible using optogenetic manipulations, and our framework provides nontrivial predictions about functional dynamical cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Blaber
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David A Sivak
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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5
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Zhang W, Hamouri F, Feng Z, Aujard I, Ducos B, Ye S, Weiss S, Volovitch M, Vriz S, Jullien L, Bensimon D. Control of Protein Activity and Gene Expression by Cyclofen-OH Uncaging. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1232-1238. [PMID: 29341391 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of light to control the expression of genes and the activity of proteins is a rapidly expanding field. Whereas many of these approaches use fusion between a light-activable protein and the protein of interest to control the activity of the latter, it is also possible to control the activity of a protein by uncaging a specific ligand. In that context, controlling the activation of a protein fused to the modified estrogen receptor (ERT) by uncaging its ligand cyclofen-OH has emerged as a generic and versatile method to control the activation of proteins quantitatively, quickly, and locally in a live organism. We present that approach and its uses in a variety of physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Zhang
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,IBENS, CNRS-UMR8197, INSERM-U1024, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Hamouri
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,IBENS, CNRS-UMR8197, INSERM-U1024, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,IBENS, CNRS-UMR8197, INSERM-U1024, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Shixin Ye
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 11 place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 11 place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Life Sciences, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,IBENS, CNRS-UMR8197, INSERM-U1024, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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6
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Solanko LM, Sullivan DP, Sere YY, Szomek M, Lunding A, Solanko KA, Pizovic A, Stanchev LD, Pomorski TG, Menon AK, Wüstner D. Ergosterol is mainly located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the yeast plasma membrane. Traffic 2018; 19:198-214. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz M. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - David P. Sullivan
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Yves Y. Sere
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Anita Lunding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Katarzyna A. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Azra Pizovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Lyubomir D. Stanchev
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Anant K. Menon
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
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7
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Weyel XMM, Fichte MAH, Heckel A. A Two-Photon-Photocleavable Linker for Triggering Light-Induced Strand Breaks in Oligonucleotides. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2183-2190. [PMID: 28678467 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a two-photon-sensitive photocleavable linker based on the 7-diethylaminocoumarin structure and introduced it successfully into DNA strands. First, we demonstrated the inducibility of strand scissions upon irradiation at 365 nm. To verify and visualize the two-photon activity, we used a fluorescence assay based on a DNA strand displacement immobilized in a hydrogel. Additionally, we investigated its use in a new class of DNA decoys that are able to catch and release nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) by using light as an external trigger signal. In cell culture we were able to show the regulation of NF-κB-controlled transcription of green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia M M Weyel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuela A H Fichte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Fichte MAH, Weyel XMM, Junek S, Schäfer F, Herbivo C, Goeldner M, Specht A, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A. Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color Two-Photon Uncaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A. H. Fichte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Xenia M. M. Weyel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stephan Junek
- Imaging Facility; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Florian Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Cyril Herbivo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire; 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Maurice Goeldner
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire; 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire; 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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9
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Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color Two-Photon Uncaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8948-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Galler K, Bräutigam K, Große C, Popp J, Neugebauer U. Making a big thing of a small cell--recent advances in single cell analysis. Analyst 2015; 139:1237-73. [PMID: 24495980 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single cell analysis is an emerging field requiring a high level interdisciplinary collaboration to provide detailed insights into the complex organisation, function and heterogeneity of life. This review is addressed to life science researchers as well as researchers developing novel technologies. It covers all aspects of the characterisation of single cells (with a special focus on mammalian cells) from morphology to genetics and different omics-techniques to physiological, mechanical and electrical methods. In recent years, tremendous advances have been achieved in all fields of single cell analysis: (1) improved spatial and temporal resolution of imaging techniques to enable the tracking of single molecule dynamics within single cells; (2) increased throughput to reveal unexpected heterogeneity between different individual cells raising the question what characterizes a cell type and what is just natural biological variation; and (3) emerging multimodal approaches trying to bring together information from complementary techniques paving the way for a deeper understanding of the complexity of biological processes. This review also covers the first successful translations of single cell analysis methods to diagnostic applications in the field of tumour research (especially circulating tumour cells), regenerative medicine, drug discovery and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Galler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center "Center for Sepsis Control and Care", Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
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11
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Ji L, Edkins RM, Sewell LJ, Beeby A, Batsanov AS, Fucke K, Drafz M, Howard JAK, Moutounet O, Ibersiene F, Boucekkine A, Furet E, Liu Z, Halet J, Katan C, Marder TB. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Quadrupolar Oligothiophene‐Cored Chromophores Containing Dimesitylboryl Moieties as π‐Accepting End‐Groups: Syntheses, Structures, Fluorescence, and One‐ and Two‐Photon Absorption. Chemistry 2014; 20:13618-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Robert M. Edkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Laura J. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Katharina Fucke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, University Boulevard, Stockton‐on‐Tees, TS17 6BH (UK)
| | - Martin Drafz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Judith A. K. Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Odile Moutounet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Fatima Ibersiene
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Eric Furet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (PR China)
| | - Jean‐François Halet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Claudine Katan
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35042 Rennes (France)
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, FOTON, UMR 6082 CNRS‐INSA de Rennes, 35708 Rennes (France)
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE (UK)
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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