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Micro-/Nanofiber Optics: Merging Photonics and Material Science on Nanoscale for Advanced Sensing Technology. iScience 2019; 23:100810. [PMID: 31931430 PMCID: PMC6957875 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-/nanofibers (MNFs) are optical fibers with diameters close to or below the wavelength of the guided light. These tiny fibers can offer engineerable waveguiding properties including optical confinement, fractional evanescent fields, and surface intensity, which is very attractive to optical sensing on the micro-/nano scale. In this review, we first introduce the basics of MNF optics and MNF optical sensors from physical and chemical to biological applications and review the progress and current status of this field. Then, we review and discuss hybrid MNF structures for advanced optical sensing by merging MNFs with functional structures including chemical indicators, quantum dots, dye molecules, plasmonic nanoparticles, 2-D materials, and optofluidic chips. Thirdly, we introduce the emerging trends in developing MNF-based advanced sensing technology for ultrasensitive, active, and wearable sensors and discuss the future prospects and challenges in this exciting research field. Finally, we end the review with a brief conclusion.
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Ayad NME, Kaushik S, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics, an important regulator of development and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180215. [PMID: 31431174 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work describes how physical forces in and around cells affect their growth, proliferation, migration, function and differentiation into specialized types. How cells receive and respond biochemically to mechanical signals is a process termed mechanotransduction. Disease may arise if a disruption occurs within this mechanism of sensing and interpreting mechanics. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases and developmental defects, such as during the process of neural tube formation, are linked to changes in cell and tissue mechanics. A breakdown in normal tissue and cellular forces activates mechanosignalling pathways that affect their function and can promote disease progression. The recent advent of high-resolution techniques enables quantitative measurements of mechanical properties of the cell and its extracellular matrix, providing insight into how mechanotransduction is regulated. In this review, we will address the standard methods and new technologies available to properly measure mechanical properties, highlighting the challenges and limitations of probing different length-scales. We will focus on the unique environment present throughout the development and maintenance of the central nervous system and discuss cases where disease, such as brain cancer, arises in response to changes in the mechanical properties of the microenvironment that disrupt homeostasis. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M E Ayad
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shelly Kaushik
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Huang Q, Lee J, Arce FT, Yoon I, Angsantikul P, Liu J, Shi Y, Villanueva J, Thamphiwatana S, Ma X, Zhang L, Chen S, Lal R, Sirbuly DJ. Nanofibre optic force transducers with sub-piconewton resolution via near-field plasmon-dielectric interactions. NATURE PHOTONICS 2017; 11:352-355. [PMID: 29576804 PMCID: PMC5863742 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive nanomechanical instruments, including the atomic force microscope (AFM)1-4 and optical and magnetic tweezers5-8, have helped shed new light on the complex mechanical environments of biological processes. However, it is difficult to scale down the size of these instruments due to their feedback mechanisms9, which, if overcome, would enable high-density nanomechanical probing inside materials. A variety of molecular force probes including mechanophores10, quantum dots11, fluorescent pairs12,13 and molecular rotors14-16 have been designed to measure intracellular stresses; however, fluorescence-based techniques can have short operating times due to photo-instability and it is still challenging to quantify the forces with high spatial and mechanical resolution. Here, we develop a compact nanofibre optic force transducer (NOFT) that utilizes strong near-field plasmon-dielectric interactions to measure local forces with a sensitivity of <200 fN. The NOFT system is tested by monitoring bacterial motion and heart-cell beating as well as detecting infrasound power in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Fernando Teran Arce
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ilsun Yoon
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yuesong Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Josh Villanueva
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ratnesh Lal
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Donald J. Sirbuly
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Barson MSJ, Peddibhotla P, Ovartchaiyapong P, Ganesan K, Taylor RL, Gebert M, Mielens Z, Koslowski B, Simpson DA, McGuinness LP, McCallum J, Prawer S, Onoda S, Ohshima T, Bleszynski Jayich AC, Jelezko F, Manson NB, Doherty MW. Nanomechanical Sensing Using Spins in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1496-1503. [PMID: 28146361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomechanical sensors and quantum nanosensors are two rapidly developing technologies that have diverse interdisciplinary applications in biological and chemical analysis and microscopy. For example, nanomechanical sensors based upon nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have demonstrated chip-scale mass spectrometry capable of detecting single macromolecules, such as proteins. Quantum nanosensors based upon electron spins of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have demonstrated diverse modes of nanometrology, including single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we report the first step toward combining these two complementary technologies in the form of diamond nanomechanical structures containing NV centers. We establish the principles for nanomechanical sensing using such nanospin-mechanical sensors (NSMS) and assess their potential for mass spectrometry and force microscopy. We predict that NSMS are able to provide unprecedented AC force images of cellular biomechanics and to not only detect the mass of a single macromolecule but also image its distribution. When combined with the other nanometrology modes of the NV center, NSMS potentially offer unparalleled analytical power at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S J Barson
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Preeti Ovartchaiyapong
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kumaravelu Ganesan
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard L Taylor
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Matthew Gebert
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zoe Mielens
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Berndt Koslowski
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm , D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David A Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liam P McGuinness
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm , D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey McCallum
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Ania C Bleszynski Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm , D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Neil B Manson
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Marcus W Doherty
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Huang Q, Teran Arce F, Lee J, Yoon I, Villanueva J, Lal R, Sirbuly DJ. Gap controlled plasmon-dielectric coupling effects investigated with single nanoparticle-terminated atomic force microscope probes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17102-17107. [PMID: 27714046 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Precise positioning of a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) near a small dielectric surface is not only necessary for understanding gap-dependent interactions between a metal and dielectric but it is also a critical component in building ultrasensitive molecular rulers and force sensing devices. In this study we investigate the gap-dependent scattering of gold and silver NPs by controllably depositing them on an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and monitoring their scattering within the evanescent field of a tin dioxide nanofiber waveguide. The enhanced distance-dependent scattering profiles due to plasmon-dielectric coupling effects show similar decays for both gold and silver NPs given the strong dependence of the coupling on the decaying power in the near-field. Experiments and simulations also demonstrate that the NPs attached to the AFM tips act as free NPs, eliminating optical interference typically observed from secondary dielectric substrates. With the ability to reproducibly place individual plasmonic NPs on an AFM tip, and optically monitor near-field plasmon-dielectric coupling effects, this approach allows a wide-variety of light-matter interactions studies to be carried out on other low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Fernando Teran Arce
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ilsun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua Villanueva
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Ratnesh Lal
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Donald J Sirbuly
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Hughes ML, Dougan L. The physics of pulling polyproteins: a review of single molecule force spectroscopy using the AFM to study protein unfolding. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:076601. [PMID: 27309041 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the most exciting developments in the field of biological physics in recent years is the ability to manipulate single molecules and probe their properties and function. Since its emergence over two decades ago, single molecule force spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to explore the response of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA, RNA and their complexes, to the application of an applied force. The force versus extension response of molecules can provide valuable insight into its mechanical stability, as well as details of the underlying energy landscape. In this review we will introduce the technique of single molecule force spectroscopy using the atomic force microscope (AFM), with particular focus on its application to study proteins. We will review the models which have been developed and employed to extract information from single molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Finally, we will end with a discussion of future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Hughes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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