1
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Komarova TY, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Petukhov AV, Landman J. Microtube self-assembly leads to conformational freezing point depression. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 677:781-789. [PMID: 39121662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Multi-walled tubular aggregates formed by hierarchical self-assembly of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) hold a great potential as microcarriers. However, the underlying mechanism for this self-assembly is not well understood. To advance the application of these structures, it is essential to fine-tune the cavity size and comprehensively elucidate the energetic balance driving their formation: the bending modulus versus the microscopic line tension. EXPERIMENTS We investigated temperature-induced changes in the hierarchical tubular aggregates using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering across a broad concentration range. Detailed analysis of the scattering patterns enabled us to determine the structural parameters of the microtubes and to construct a phase diagram of the system. FINDINGS The microtubes grow from the outside in and melt from the inside out. We relate derived structural parameters to enthalpic changes driving the self-assembly process on the molecular level in terms of their bending modulus and microscopic line tension. We find that the conformation of the crystalline bilayer affects the saturation concentration, providing an example of a phenomenon we call conformational freezing point depression. Inspired by the colligative phenomenon of freezing point depression, well known from undergraduate physics, we model this system by including the membrane conformation, which can describe the energetics of this hierarchical system and give access to microscopic properties without free parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Komarova
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38043, France
| | | | - Andrei V Petukhov
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Landman
- Physics & Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708 WG, the Netherlands.
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2
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Zhang L, Tang DM, Liu C. Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405736. [PMID: 39319520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is critical to obtaining CNTs with desired structures and tailored properties for their practical applications. With atomic resolution imaging, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a key technique to reveal the microstructure and dynamics of CNTs in real time. In this review, recent advances in the development of in situ TEM with different types of environmental reactors will be introduced. The catalytic growth mechanisms of CNTs revealed by in situ TEM under realistic conditions are discussed from fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics to the detailed nucleation, growth, and termination mechanisms, including the state and phase of active catalysts, interfacial connections between catalyst and growing CNTs, and catalyst-related growth kinetics of CNTs. Great progresses have been made on how a CNT nucleates, grows and terminates, focusing on the interface dynamics and kinetic fluctuations. Finally, challenges and future directions for understanding the atomic dynamics under the real growth conditions are proposed. It is expected that breakthroughs in the fundamental growth mechanisms will pave the way to the ultimate goal of designing and controlling the atomic structures of CNTs for their applications in various devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dai-Ming Tang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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3
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Hedman D, McLean B, Bichara C, Maruyama S, Larsson JA, Ding F. Dynamics of growing carbon nanotube interfaces probed by machine learning-enabled molecular simulations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4076. [PMID: 38744824 PMCID: PMC11094095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), hollow cylinders of carbon, hold great promise for advanced technologies, provided their structure remains uniform throughout their length. Their growth takes place at high temperatures across a tube-catalyst interface. Structural defects formed during growth alter CNT properties. These defects are believed to form and heal at the tube-catalyst interface but an understanding of these mechanisms at the atomic-level is lacking. Here we present DeepCNT-22, a machine learning force field (MLFF) to drive molecular dynamics simulations through which we unveil the mechanisms of CNT formation, from nucleation to growth including defect formation and healing. We find the tube-catalyst interface to be highly dynamic, with large fluctuations in the chiral structure of the CNT-edge. This does not support continuous spiral growth as a general mechanism, instead, at these growth conditions, the growing tube edge exhibits significant configurational entropy. We demonstrate that defects form stochastically at the tube-catalyst interface, but under low growth rates and high temperatures, these heal before becoming incorporated in the tube wall, allowing CNTs to grow defect-free to seemingly unlimited lengths. These insights, not readily available through experiments, demonstrate the remarkable power of MLFF-driven simulations and fill long-standing gaps in our understanding of CNT growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ben McLean
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - J Andreas Larsson
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 971 87, Sweden.
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Li X, Shi JQ, Page AJ. Discovery of Graphene Growth Alloy Catalysts Using High-Throughput Machine Learning. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9796-9802. [PMID: 37890870 PMCID: PMC10636790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite today's commercial-scale graphene production using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the growth of high-quality single-layer graphene with controlled morphology and crystallinity remains challenging. Considerable effort is still spent on designing improved CVD catalysts for producing high-quality graphene. Conventionally, however, catalyst design has been pursued using empirical intuition or trial-and-error approaches. Here, we combine high-throughput density functional theory and machine learning to identify new prospective transition metal alloy catalysts that exhibit performance comparable to that of established graphene catalysts, such as Ni(111) and Cu(111). The alloys identified through this process generally consist of combinations of early- and late-transition metals, and a majority are alloys of Ni or Cu. Nevertheless, in many cases, these conventional catalyst metals are combined with unconventional partners, such as Zr, Hf, and Nb. The approach presented here therefore highlights an important new approach for identifying novel catalyst materials for the CVD growth of low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School
of Information and Physical Sciences, The
University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Machine Learning, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Javen Qinfeng Shi
- Australian
Institute for Machine Learning, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Alister J. Page
- Discipline
of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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5
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Kim YJ, Kim YH, Ahn S. Selective Blocking of Graphene Defects Using Polyvinyl Alcohol through Hydrophilicity Difference. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2001. [PMID: 36903122 PMCID: PMC10004167 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Defects on graphene over a micrometer in size were selectively blocked using polyvinyl alcohol through the formation of hydrogen bonding with defects. Because this hydrophilic PVA does not prefer to be located on the hydrophobic graphene surface, PVA selectively filled hydrophilic defects on graphene after the process of deposition through the solution. The mechanism of the selective deposition via hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions was also supported by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis of selective deposition of hydrophobic alkanes on hydrophobic graphene surface and observation of PVA initial growth at defect edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-jeong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hui Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ding LP, McLean B, Xu Z, Kong X, Hedman D, Qiu L, Page AJ, Ding F. Why Carbon Nanotubes Grow. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5606-5613. [PMID: 35297632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite three decades of intense research efforts, the most fundamental question "why do carbon nanotubes grow?" remains unanswered. In fact, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) should not grow since the encapsulation of a catalyst with graphitic carbon is energetically more favorable than CNT growth in every aspect. Here, we answer this question using a theoretical model based on extensive first-principles and molecular dynamics calculations. We reveal a historically overlooked yet fundamental aspect of the CNT-catalyst interface, viz., that the interfacial energy of the CNT-catalyst edge is contact angle-dependent. The contact angle increases via graphitic cap lift-off, drastically decreasing the interfacial formation energy by up to 6-9 eV/nm, overcoming van der Waals cap-catalyst adhesion, and driving CNT growth. Mapping this remarkable and simple interplay allows us to understand, for the first time, why CNTs grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Optoelectronic Science & Technology, School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ben McLean
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Qiu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tsuji T, Kim J, Sakakita H, Shimizu Y, Chen G, Hata K, Futaba DN, Sakurai S. Role of Hydrogen in Catalyst Activation for Plasma-Based Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18763-18769. [PMID: 34337216 PMCID: PMC8319932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The importance of hydrogen in carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis has been known as it supports the critical processes necessary for CNT growth, such as catalyst reduction. However, within the scope of our mini microplasma CNT synthesis reactor, we found that hydrogen was critical for unexpected reasons. Without hydrogen, CNT growth was inhibited and characterized by amorphous carbon particles. Optical emission spectroscopy of the microplasma revealed that without hydrogen, the high-energy electrons induced the immediate decomposition of carbon feedstock simultaneously with the catalyst feedstock, thus suppressing the formation of catalyst nanoparticles and inducing catalyst deactivation. In contrast, the inclusion of hydrogen induced less-immediate decomposition of reactant gases, through the conversion of electron energy of the plasma to thermal energy, which provided the appropriate conditions for catalyst nanoparticle formation and subsequent CNT nucleation. A simple reaction pathway model was proposed to explain these observed results and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuji
- CNT-Application
Research Center, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jaeho Kim
- Innovative
Plasma Processing Group, Research Institute for Advanced Electronics
and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakakita
- Innovative
Plasma Processing Group, Research Institute for Advanced Electronics
and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shimizu
- Nanomaterials
Research Institute, National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo
Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory
(OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex, II 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8589, Japan
| | - Guohai Chen
- CNT-Application
Research Center, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- CNT-Application
Research Center, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Don N. Futaba
- CNT-Application
Research Center, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakurai
- CNT-Application
Research Center, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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8
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Rowsey R, Taylor EE, Irle S, Stadie NP, Szilagyi RK. Methane Adsorption on Heteroatom-Modified Maquettes of Porous Carbon Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6042-6058. [PMID: 34232640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies disagree on the energetics of methane adsorption on carbon materials. However, this information is critical for the rational design and optimization of the structure and composition of adsorbents for natural gas storage. The delicate nature of dispersion interactions, polarization of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate, interplay between H-bonding and tetrel bonding, and induced dipole/Coulomb interactions inherent to methane physisorption require computational treatment at the highest possible level of theory. In this study, we employed the smallest reasonable computational model, a maquette of porous carbon surfaces with a central site for substitution and methane binding. The most accurate predictions of methane adsorption energetics were achieved by electron-correlated molecular orbital theory CCSD(T) and hybrid density functional theory MN15 calculations employing a saturated, all-electron basis set. The characteristic geometry of methane adsorption on a carbon surface ("lander approach") arises due to bonding interactions of the adsorbent π-system with the proximal H-C bonds of methane, in addition to tetrel bonding between the antibonding orbital of the distal C-H bond and the central atom of the maquette (C, B, or N). The polarization of the electron density, structural deformations, and the comprehensive energetic analysis clearly indicate a ∼3 kJ mol-1 preference for methane binding on the N-substituted maquette. The B-substituted maquette showed a comparable or lower binding energy than the unsubstituted, pure C model, depending on the level of theory employed. The calculated thermodynamic results indicate a strategy for incorporating electron-enriched substitutions (e.g., N) into carbon materials as a way to increase methane storage capacity over electron-deficient (e.g., B) modifications. The thermochemical analysis was revised for establishing a conceptual agreement between the experimental isosteric heat of adsorption and the binding enthalpies from statistical thermodynamics principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan Rowsey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Erin E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Stephan Irle
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nicholas P Stadie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Robert K Szilagyi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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9
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Syuhada I, Hauwali NUJ, Rosikhin A, Sustini E, Noor FA, Winata T. Bond order redefinition needed to reduce inherent noise in molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3674. [PMID: 33574347 PMCID: PMC7878785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the bond order redefinition needed to reduce the inherent noise in order to enhance the accuracy of molecular dynamics simulations. We propose defining the bond order as a fraction of energy distribution. It happens due to the character of the material in nature, which tries to maintain its environment. To show the necessity, we developed a factory empirical interatomic potential (FEIP) for carbon that implements the redefinition with a short-range interaction approach. FEIP has been shown to enhance the accuracy of the calculation of lattice constants, cohesive energy, elastic properties, and phonons compared to experimental data, and can even be compared to other potentials with the long-range interaction approach. The enhancements due to FEIP can reduce the inherent noise, then provide a better prediction of the energy based on the behaviour of the atomic environment. FEIP can also transform simple two-body interactions into many-body interactions, which is useful for enhancing accuracy. Due to implementing the bond order redefinition, FEIP offers faster calculations than other complex interatomic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibnu Syuhada
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Nikodemus Umbu Janga Hauwali
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Rosikhin
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Euis Sustini
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Arofiati Noor
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Toto Winata
- Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
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10
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Li R, Yang X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li J. Graphitic Encapsulation and Electronic Shielding of Metal Nanoparticles to Achieve Metal-Carbon Interfacial Superlubricity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3397-3407. [PMID: 33410669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Presently, approaches to achieve superlubricity for diamond-like carbon (DLC) films rely heavily on the film deposition techniques and parameters, such as other nonmetallic element incorporation and structure optimization. In this work, we report a new feasible pathway to achieve superlubricity for DLC films, which is not dependent on the film preparation parameters but rather on the external effects, i.e., sliding interfacial addition of metal nanoparticles (Cu and Ni). The approach controls the structures of wear products by the introduction of metal nanoparticles and the subsequent effect of metal catalysts, to in situ form graphene-coated particles without impacting the overall performances of the films. Through detailed experimental investigations combined with density functional theory (DFT) simulations, graphitic encapsulation and electronic shielding of metal nanoparticles are responsible for the dramatic changes at the frictional interface leading to metal-carbon interfacial superlubricity. We expect that the approach will enrich the understanding of the lubrication mechanism of DLC films and promote the DLC films' superlubricity toward applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangong Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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11
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Mobaraki M, Ghaffari M, Yazdanpanah A, Luo Y, Mills D. Bioinks and bioprinting: A focused review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Miyamoto K, Narita S, Masumoto Y, Hashishin T, Osawa T, Kimura M, Ochiai M, Uchiyama M. Room-temperature chemical synthesis of C 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2134. [PMID: 32358541 PMCID: PMC7195449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatomic carbon (C2) is historically an elusive chemical species. It has long been believed that the generation of C2 requires extremely high physical energy, such as an electric carbon arc or multiple photon excitation, and so it has been the general consensus that the inherent nature of C2 in the ground state is experimentally inaccessible. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of C2 from a hypervalent alkynyl-λ3-iodane in a flask at room temperature or below, providing experimental evidence to support theoretical predictions that C2 has a singlet biradical character with a quadruple bond, thus settling a long-standing controversy between experimental and theoretical chemists, and that C2 serves as a molecular element in the bottom-up chemical synthesis of nanocarbons such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shodai Narita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hashishin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisei Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masahito Ochiai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan.
- Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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13
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Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Hierarchical parallelization of divide‐and‐conquer density functional tight‐binding molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1759-1772. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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14
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Veerubhotla K, Lee CH. Emerging Trends in Nanocarbon‐Based Cardiovascular Applications. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Veerubhotla
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Missouri–Kansas City Kansas City MO 64108 USA
| | - Chi H. Lee
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Missouri–Kansas City Kansas City MO 64108 USA
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15
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Gordeev EG, Pentsak EO, Ananikov VP. Carbocatalytic Acetylene Cyclotrimerization: A Key Role of Unpaired Electron Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3784-3796. [PMID: 32058705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of sustainable catalysts for synthetic transformations is one of the most challenging and demanding goals. The high prices of precious metals and the unavoidable leaching of toxic metal species leading to environmental contamination make the transition metal-free catalytic systems especially important. Here we demonstrate that carbene active centers localized on carbon atoms at the zigzag edge of graphene represent an alternative platform for efficient catalytic carbon-carbon bond formation in the synthesis of benzene. The studied acetylene trimerization reaction is an efficient atom-economic route to build an aromatic ring-a step ubiquitously important in organic synthesis and industrial applications. Computational modeling of the reaction mechanism reveals a principal role of the reversible spin density oscillations that govern the overall catalytic cycle, facilitate the product formation, and regenerate the catalytically active centers. Dynamic π-electron interactions in 2D carbon systems open new opportunities in the field of carbocatalysis, unachievable by means of transition metal-catalyzed transformations. The theoretical findings are confirmed experimentally by generating key moieties of the carbon catalyst and performing the acetylene conversion to benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospekt 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Evgeniy O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospekt 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospekt 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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16
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Wang C, Song M, Chen X, Li D, Xia W, Xia W. Effects of Buffer Gases on Graphene Flakes Synthesis in Thermal Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020309. [PMID: 32054026 PMCID: PMC7075159 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A thermal plasma process at atmospheric pressure is an attractive method for continuous synthesis of graphene flakes. In this paper, a magnetically rotating arc plasma system is employed to investigate the effects of buffer gases on graphene flakes synthesis in a thermal plasma process. Carbon nanomaterials are prepared in Ar, He, Ar-H2, and Ar-N2 via propane decomposition, and the product characterization is performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Results show that spherical particles, semi-graphitic particles, and graphene flakes coexist in products under an Ar atmosphere. Under an He atmosphere, all products are graphene flakes. Graphene flakes with fewer layers, higher crystallinity, and a larger BET surface area are prepared in Ar-H2 and Ar-N2. Preliminary analysis reveals that a high-energy environment and abundant H atoms can suppress the formation of curved or closed structures, which leads to the production of graphene flakes with high crystallinity. Furthermore, nitrogen-doped graphene flakes with 1-4 layers are successfully synthesized with the addition of N2, which indicates the thermal plasma process also has great potential for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene flakes due to its continuous manner, cheap raw materials, and adjustable nitrogen-doped content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (C.W.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (C.W.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongning Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (C.W.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Weiluo Xia
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Weidong Xia
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (C.W.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0551-63602716
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17
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Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nano-I-Beam for Structural Nano-mechanics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18324. [PMID: 31797945 PMCID: PMC6893021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For years Carbon nano-tube has shown merits in industrial applications including high structural strength-to-weight ratio. However, from structural mechanics perspective the tube geometrical cross-section is less favored for providing high structural stiffness and strength. Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nano-I-Beam is thus introduced for improved Structural Nano-mechanics. It has been found that both Wide Flange Nano-I-Beam and Equal Flange & Web Nano-I-beam provide higher structural stiffness and less induced stress and thus longer service life than Nano-Tube. It has been also found that Wide Flange Nano-I-Beam provides higher structural stiffness and less induced stress and thus longer service life than Equal Flange & Web Nano-I-beam. A thermodynamic model of the growth of nano-tubes accounting for vibrational entropy is presented. The results have cost-effectively potential benefit in applications such as nano-heat engines & sensors.
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18
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Matera S, Schneider WF, Heyden A, Savara A. Progress in Accurate Chemical Kinetic Modeling, Simulations, and Parameter Estimation for Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Matera
- Fachbereich Mathematik and Informatik, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - William F. Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andreas Heyden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Aditya Savara
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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19
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Kimura R, Hijikata Y, Eveleens CA, Page AJ, Irle S. Chiral-selective etching effects on carbon nanotube growth at edge carbon atoms. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:375-380. [PMID: 30548651 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing metal cluster nanoparticle catalysts is commonly used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNT), with oxygen-containing species such as water or alcohol included in the feedstock for enhanced yield. However, the etching effect of these additives on the growth mechanism has rarely been investigated, despite evidence suggesting that etching potentially affects the chirality distribution of product CNTs. We used quantum chemical methods to study how water-based etchant radicals (OH and H) may enhance the chiral selectivity during CVD growth using CNT cap models. Chemical reactivities of the caps with the etchant radicals were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the reactivities on the cap edges correlate with the chirality of the caps. These results suggest that proper selection of etchant species can provide opportunities for selective chirality control of the product CNTs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Clothilde A Eveleens
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division & Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6493
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20
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Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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21
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Santra B, Ko HY, Yeh YW, Martelli F, Kaganovich I, Raitses Y, Car R. Root-growth of boron nitride nanotubes: experiments and ab initio simulations. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22223-22230. [PMID: 30239542 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in an arc in the presence of boron and nitrogen species. We find that BNNTs are often attached to large nanoparticles, suggesting that root-growth is a likely mechanism for their formation. Moreover, the tube-end nanoparticles are composed of boron, without transition metals, indicating that transition metals are not necessary for the arc synthesis of BNNTs. To gain further insight into this process we have studied key mechanisms for root growth of BNNTs on the surface of a liquid boron droplet by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that nitrogen atoms reside predominantly on the droplet surface where they organize to form boron nitride islands below 2400 K. To minimize contact with the liquid particle underneath, the islands assume non-planar configurations that are likely precursors for the thermal nucleation of cap structures. Once formed, the caps are stable and can easily incorporate nitrogen and boron atoms at their base, resulting in further growth. Our simulations support the root-growth mechanism of BNNTs and provide comprehensive evidence of the active role played by liquid boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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22
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Magnin Y, Amara H, Ducastelle F, Loiseau A, Bichara C. Entropy-driven stability of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 2018; 362:212-215. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Magnin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - François Ducastelle
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288 Marseille, France
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23
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Landman J, Ouhajji S, Prévost S, Narayanan T, Groenewold J, Philipse AP, Kegel WK, Petukhov AV. Inward growth by nucleation: Multiscale self-assembly of ordered membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat1817. [PMID: 29963633 PMCID: PMC6025906 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Striking morphological similarities found between superstructures of a wide variety of seemingly unrelated crystalline membrane systems hint at the existence of a common formation mechanism. Resembling systems such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes, bacterial protein shells, or peptide nanotubes, the self-assembly of SDS/β-cyclodextrin complexes leads to monodisperse multilamellar microtubes. We uncover the mechanism of this hierarchical self-assembly process by time-resolved small- and ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering. In particular, we show that symmetric crystalline bilayers bend into hollow cylinders as a consequence of membrane line tension and an anisotropic elastic modulus. Starting from single-walled microtubes, successive nucleation of new cylinders inside preexisting ones drives an inward growth. As both the driving forces that underlie the self-assembly behavior and the resulting morphologies are common to systems of ordered membranes, we believe that this formation mechanism has a similarly general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Landman
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Samia Ouhajji
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Groenewold
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Albert P. Philipse
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem K. Kegel
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrei V. Petukhov
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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24
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Krstic PS, Han L, Irle S, Nakai H. Simulations of the synthesis of boron-nitride nanostructures in a hot, high pressure gas volume. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3803-3819. [PMID: 29780513 PMCID: PMC5939839 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00667a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed nanosecond timescale computer simulations of clusterization and agglomeration processes of boron nitride (BN) nanostructures in hot, high pressure gas, starting from eleven different atomic and molecular precursor systems containing boron, nitrogen and hydrogen at various temperatures from 1500 to 6000 K. The synthesized BN nanostructures self-assemble in the form of cages, flakes, and tubes as well as amorphous structures. The simulations facilitate the analysis of chemical dynamics and we are able to predict the optimal conditions concerning temperature and chemical precursor composition for controlling the synthesis process in a high temperature gas volume, at high pressure. We identify the optimal precursor/temperature choices that lead to the nanostructures of highest quality with the highest rate of synthesis, using a novel parameter of the quality of the synthesis (PQS). Two distinct mechanisms of BN nanotube growth were found, neither of them based on the root-growth process. The simulations were performed using quantum-classical molecular dynamics (QCMD) based on the density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) quantum mechanics in conjunction with a divide-and-conquer (DC) linear scaling algorithm, as implemented in the DC-DFTB-K code, enabling the study of systems as large as 1300 atoms in canonical NVT ensembles for 1 ns time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag S Krstic
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY 11794-5250 , USA . .,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY 11794-2275 , USA
| | - Longtao Han
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY 11794-5250 , USA . .,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY 11794-2275 , USA
| | - Stephan Irle
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge TN , 37831-6493 , USA
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
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25
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Tetlow H, Curcio D, Baraldi A, Kantorovich L. Hydrocarbon decomposition kinetics on the Ir(111) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6083-6099. [PMID: 29303172 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons on the Ir(111) surface is determined using kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) and rate equations simulations, both based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculated energy barriers of the involved reaction processes. This decomposition process is important for understanding the early stages of epitaxial graphene growth where the deposited hydrocarbon acts as a carbon feedstock for graphene formation. The methodology of the kMC simulations and the rate equation approaches is discussed and a comparison between the results obtained from both approaches is made in the case of the temperature programmed decomposition of ethylene for different initial coverages. The theoretical results are verified against experimental data from in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments. Both theoretical approaches give reasonable results; however we find that, as expected, rate equations are less reliable at high coverages. We find that the agreement between experiment and theory can be improved in all cases if slight adjustments are made to the energy barriers in order to account for the intrinsic errors in DFT. Finally we extend our approach to the case where hydrocarbon species are dosed onto the substrate continuously, as in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene growth method. For ethylene and methane the thermal decomposition mechanism is determined, and it is found that in both cases the formation of C monomers is to be expected, which is limited by the presence of hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tetlow
- Physics Department, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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26
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McLean B, Eveleens CA, Mitchell I, Webber GB, Page AJ. Catalytic CVD synthesis of boron nitride and carbon nanomaterials - synergies between experiment and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:26466-26494. [PMID: 28849841 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional carbon and boron nitride nanomaterials - hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes - remain at the forefront of advanced materials research. Catalytic chemical vapour deposition has become an invaluable technique for reliably and cost-effectively synthesising these materials. In this review, we will emphasise how a synergy between experimental and theoretical methods has enhanced the understanding and optimisation of this synthetic technique. This review examines recent advances in the application of CVD to synthesising boron nitride and carbon nanomaterials and highlights where, in many cases, molecular simulations and quantum chemistry have provided key insights complementary to experimental investigation. This synergy is particularly prominent in the field of carbon nanotube and graphene CVD synthesis, and we propose here it will be the key to future advances in optimisation of CVD synthesis of boron nitride nanomaterials, boron nitride - carbon composite materials, and other nanomaterials generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben McLean
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
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27
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28
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Zhang S, Tong L, Zhang J. The road to chirality-specific growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Lianming Tong
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, China
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29
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Khan IA, Badshah A, Nadeem MA. Single step pyrolytic conversion of zeolitic imidazolate to CoO encapsulated N-doped carbon nanotubes as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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30
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Modeling the Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Tetlow H, Ford IJ, Kantorovich L. A free energy study of carbon clusters on Ir(111): Precursors to graphene growth. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tetlow
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, The Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - I. J. Ford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - L. Kantorovich
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, The Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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32
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Eveleens CA, Page AJ. Effect of ammonia on chemical vapour deposition and carbon nanotube nucleation mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1727-1737. [PMID: 28091668 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes is currently the most viable method for commercial-scale nanotube production. However, controlling the 'chirality', or helicity, of carbon nanotubes during CVD growth remains a challenge. Recent studies have shown that adding chemical 'etchants', such as ammonia and water, to the feedstock gas can alter the diameter and chirality of nanotubes produced with CVD. To date, this strategy for chirality control remains sub-optimal, since we have a poor understanding of how these etchants change the CVD and nucleation mechanisms. Here, we show how ammonia alters the mechanism of methane CVD and single-walled carbon nanotube nucleation on iron catalysts, using quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations reveal that ammonia is selectively activated by the catalyst, and this enables ammonia to play a dual role during methane CVD. Following activation, ammonia nitrogen removes carbon from the catalyst surface exclusively via the production of hydrogen (iso)cyanide, thus impeding the growth of extended carbon chains. Simultaneously, ammonia hydrogen passivates carbon dangling bonds, which impedes nanotube nucleation and promotes defect healing. Combined, these effects lead to slower, more controllable nucleation and growth kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde A Eveleens
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia.
| | - Alister J Page
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia.
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33
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Santra B, Shneider MN, Car R. In situ Characterization of Nanoparticles Using Rayleigh Scattering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40230. [PMID: 28071715 PMCID: PMC5223183 DOI: 10.1038/srep40230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a theoretical analysis showing that Rayleigh scattering could be used to monitor the growth of nanoparticles under arc discharge conditions. We compute the Rayleigh scattering cross sections of the nanoparticles by combining light scattering theory for gas-particle mixtures with calculations of the dynamic electronic polarizability of the nanoparticles. We find that the resolution of the Rayleigh scattering probe is adequate to detect nanoparticles as small as C60 at the expected concentrations of synthesis conditions in the arc periphery. Larger asymmetric nanoparticles would yield brighter signals, making possible to follow the evolution of the growing nanoparticle population from the evolution of the scattered intensity. Observable spectral features include characteristic resonant behaviour, shape-dependent depolarization ratio, and mass-dependent line shape. Direct observation of nanoparticles in the early stages of growth with unobtrusive laser probes should give insight on the particle formation mechanisms and may lead to better-controlled synthesis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mikhail N. Shneider
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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34
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Lin L, Lai M, Li H, Tian F, Chen Y, Sun J, Lin JM. Investigation of carbon deposition induced by pyrolytic decomposition of ethylene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04282e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed Raman spectroscopy to characterize the formed carbon deposits under different conditions inside a built-in U-shape quartz tube for unravelling mechanism of carbon deposition on stainless steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Meishuang Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Fei Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
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35
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Das R, Shahnavaz Z, Ali ME, Islam MM, Abd Hamid SB. Can We Optimize Arc Discharge and Laser Ablation for Well-Controlled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis? NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:510. [PMID: 27864819 PMCID: PMC5116021 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many methods have been documented for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis, still, we notice many arguments, criticisms, and appeals for its optimization and process control. Industrial grade CNT production is urgent such that invention of novel methods and engineering principles for large-scale synthesis are needed. Here, we comprehensively review arc discharge (AD) and laser ablation (LA) methods with highlighted features for CNT production. We also display the growth mechanisms of CNT with reasonable grassroots knowledge to make the synthesis more efficient. We postulate the latest developments in engineering carbon feedstock, catalysts, and temperature cum other minor reaction parameters to optimize the CNT yield with desired diameter and chirality. The rate limiting steps of AD and LA are highlighted because of their direct role in tuning the growth process. Future roadmap towards the exploration of CNT synthesis methods is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zohreh Shahnavaz
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md. Eaqub Ali
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Moinul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, 4331 Hathazari, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Nishizawa H, Okumura H. Rapid QM/MM approach for biomolecular systems under periodic boundary conditions: Combination of the density-functional tight-binding theory and particle mesh Ewald method. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2701-2711. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishizawa
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
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37
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Chen CS, Yeh WY. An Open-Cage Fullerene That Mimics the C60
H10
(5,5)-Carbon Nanotube Endcap to Host Acetylene and Hydrogen Cyanide Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:16425-16428. [PMID: 27616427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shian Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yann Yeh
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
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38
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Abstract
Transient diode laser absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure three strong vibronic bands in the near infrared spectrum of the C2H, ethynyl, radical not previously observed in the gas phase. The radical was produced by ultraviolet excimer laser photolysis of either acetylene or (1,1,1)-trifluoropropyne in a slowly flowing sample of the precursor diluted in inert gas, and the spectral resolution was Doppler-limited. The character of the upper states was determined from the rotational and fine structure in the observed spectra and assigned by measurement of ground state rotational combination differences. The upper states include a (2)Σ(+) state at 6696 cm(-1), a second (2)Σ(+) state at 7088 cm(-1), and a (2)Π state at 7110 cm(-1). By comparison with published calculations [R. Tarroni and S. Carter, J. Chem. Phys 119, 12878 (2003); Mol. Phys. 102, 2167 (2004)], the vibronic character of these levels was also assigned. The observed states contain both X(2)Σ(+) and A(2)Π electronic characters. Several local rotational level perturbations were observed in the excited states. Kinetic measurements of the time-evolution of the ground state populations following collisional relaxation and reactive loss of the radicals formed in a hot, non-thermal, population distribution were made using some of the strong rotational lines observed. The case of C2H may be a good place to investigate the behavior at intermediate pressures of inert colliders, where the competition between relaxation and reaction can be tuned and observed to compare with master equation models, rather than deliberately suppressed to measure thermal rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Le
- Department of Energy and Photon Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Gregory E Hall
- Department of Energy and Photon Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Trevor J Sears
- Department of Energy and Photon Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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39
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Packwood DM, Han P, Hitosugi T. State-space reduction and equivalence class sampling for a molecular self-assembly model. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150681. [PMID: 27493765 PMCID: PMC4968457 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct simulation of a model with a large state space will generate enormous volumes of data, much of which is not relevant to the questions under study. In this paper, we consider a molecular self-assembly model as a typical example of a large state-space model, and present a method for selectively retrieving 'target information' from this model. This method partitions the state space into equivalence classes, as identified by an appropriate equivalence relation. The set of equivalence classes H, which serves as a reduced state space, contains none of the superfluous information of the original model. After construction and characterization of a Markov chain with state space H, the target information is efficiently retrieved via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. This approach represents a new breed of simulation techniques which are highly optimized for studying molecular self-assembly and, moreover, serves as a valuable guideline for analysis of other large state-space models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Packwood
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Patrick Han
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Taro Hitosugi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8352, Japan
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40
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Nishizawa H, Nishimura Y, Kobayashi M, Irle S, Nakai H. Three pillars for achieving quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of huge systems: Divide-and-conquer, density-functional tight-binding, and massively parallel computation. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1983-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishizawa
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
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41
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Maeda S, Harabuchi Y, Takagi M, Taketsugu T, Morokuma K. Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) Method for Exploring Quantum Chemical Potential Energy Surfaces. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2232-2248. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
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42
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Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPP) can serve as both guest and host in a complex. Geometric analysis indicates that optimal binding occurs when the CPP nanohoops differ by five phenyl rings. Employing C-PCM(THF)/ωB97X-D/6-31G(d) computations, we find that the strongest binding does occur when the host and guest differ by five phenyl rings. The guest CPP is modestly inclined relative to the plane of the host CPP except when the host and guest differ by four phenyl rings, when the inclination angle becomes >40°. The distortion/interaction model shows that interaction dominates and is best when the host and guest differ by five phenyl rings. The computed (1)H NMR shifts of the guest CPP are shifted by about 1 ppm upfield relative to their position when unbound. This distinct chemical shift should aid in experimental detection of these CPP planetary orbit complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bachrach
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University , One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Zeina-Christina Zayat
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University , One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
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43
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Lee J, Varshney V, Park J, Farmer BL, Roy AK. In silico carbon molecular beam epitaxial growth of graphene on the h-BN substrate: carbon source effect on van der Waals epitaxy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9704-9713. [PMID: 27108606 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Against the presumption that hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) should provide an ideal substrate for van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy to grow high quality graphene films, carbon molecular beam epitaxy (CMBE) techniques using solid carbon sublimation have reported relatively poor quality of the graphene. In this article, the CMBE growth of graphene on the h-BN substrate is numerically studied in order to identify the effect of the carbon source on the quality of the graphene film. The carbon molecular beam generated by the sublimation of solid carbon source materials such as graphite and glassy carbon is mostly composed of atomic carbon, carbon dimers and carbon trimers. Therefore, the graphene film growth becomes a complex process involving various deposition characteristics of a multitude of carbon entities. Based on the study of surface adsorption and film growth characteristics of these three major carbon entities comprising graphite vapour, we report that carbon trimers convey strong traits of vdW epitaxy prone to high quality graphene growth, while atomic carbon deposition is a surface-reaction limited process accompanied by strong chemisorption. The vdW epitaxial behaviour of carbon trimers is found to be substantial enough to nucleate and develop into graphene like planar films within a nanosecond of high flux growth simulation, while reactive atomic carbons tend to impair the structural integrity of the crystalline h-BN substrate upon deposition to form an amorphous interface between the substrate and the growing carbon film. The content of reactive atomic carbons in the molecular beam is suspected to be the primary cause of low quality graphene reported in the literature. A possible optimization of the molecular beam composition towards the synthesis of better quality graphene films is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Lee
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA and Universal Technology Corporation, 1270 N. Fairfield Rd., Dayton, Ohio 45432, USA.
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA and Universal Technology Corporation, 1270 N. Fairfield Rd., Dayton, Ohio 45432, USA.
| | - Jeongho Park
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA and Universal Technology Corporation, 1270 N. Fairfield Rd., Dayton, Ohio 45432, USA.
| | - Barry L Farmer
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
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44
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Yang F, Wang X, Li M, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li Y. Templated Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Specific Structure. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:606-15. [PMID: 26999451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have shown great potential in various applications attributed to their unique structure-dependent properties. Therefore, the controlled preparation of chemically and structurally pristine SWNTs is a crucial issue for their advanced applications (e.g., nanoelectronics) and has been a great challenge for two decades. Epitaxial growth from well-defined seeds has been shown to be a promising strategy to control the structure of SWNTs. Segments of carbon nanotubes, including short pipes from cutting of preformed nanotubes and caps from opening of fullerenes or cyclodehydrogenation of polycyclic hydrocarbon precursors, have been used as the seeds to grow SWNTs. Single-chirality SWNTs were obtained with both presorted chirality-pure SWNT segments and end caps obtained from polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules with designed structure. The main challenges of nanocarbon-segment-seeded processes are the stability of the seeds, yield, and efficiency. Catalyst-mediated SWNT growth is believed to be more efficient. The composition and morphology of the catalyst nanoparticles have been widely reported to affect the chirality distribution of SWNTs. However, chirality-specific SWNT growth is hard to achieve by alternating catalysts. The specificity of enzyme-catalyzed reactions brings us an awareness of the essentiality of a unique catalyst structure for the chirality-selective growth of SWNTs. Only catalysts with the desired atomic arrangements in their crystal planes can act as structural templates for chirality-specific growth of SWNTs. We have developed a new family of catalysts, tungsten-based intermetallic compounds, which have high melting points and very special crystal structures, to facilitate the growth of SWNTs with designed chirality. By the use of W6Co7 catalysts, (12,6) SWNTs were directly grown with purity higher than 92%. Both high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements and density functional theory simulations show that the selective growth of (12,6) tubes is due to a good structural match between the carbon atom arrangement around the nanotube circumference and the metal atom arrangement of (0 0 12) planes in the catalyst. Similarly, (16,0) SWNTs exhibit a good structural match to the (116) planes of the W6Co7 catalyst. By optimization of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions, zigzag (16,0) SWNTs, which are generally known as a kinetically unfavorable species in CVD growth, were obtained with a purity of ∼80%. Generally speaking, the chirality-specific growth of SWNTs is realized by the cooperation of two factors: the structural match between SWNTs and the catalysts makes the growth of SWNTs with specific chirality thermodynamically favorable, and further manipulation of the CVD conditions results in optimized growth kinetics for SWNTs with this designed chirality. We expect that this advanced epitaxial growth strategy will pave the way for the ultimate goal of chirality-specified growth of SWNTs and will also be applicable in the controlled preparation of other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry
of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry
and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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45
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Li MW, Pendleton IM, Nett AJ, Zimmerman PM. Mechanism for Forming B,C,N,O Rings from NH3BH3 and CO2 via Reaction Discovery Computations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1135-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ian M. Pendleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alex J. Nett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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46
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Deng Q, Heine T, Irle S, Popov AA. Self-assembly of endohedral metallofullerenes: a decisive role of cooling gas and metal-carbon bonding. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3796-808. [PMID: 26815243 PMCID: PMC4847527 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08645k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) self-assembly process in Sc/carbon vapor in the presence and absence of an inert cooling gas (helium) is systematically investigated using quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations. It is revealed that the presence of He atoms accelerates the formation of pentagons and hexagons and reduces the size of the self-assembled carbon cages in comparison with analogous He-free simulations. As a result, the Sc/C/He system simulations produce a larger number of successful trajectories (i.e. leading to Sc-EMFs) with more realistic cage-size distribution than simulations of the Sc/C system. The main Sc encapsulation mechanism involves nucleation of several hexagons and pentagons with Sc atoms already at the early stages of carbon vapor condensation. In such proto-cages, both Sc-C σ-bonds and coordination bonds between Sc atoms and the π-system of the carbon network are present. Sc atoms are thus rather labile and can move along the carbon network, but the overall bonding is sufficiently strong to prevent dissociation even at temperatures around 2000 kelvin. Further growth of the fullerene cage results in the encapsulation of one or two Sc atoms within the fullerene. In agreement with experimental studies, an extension of the simulations to Fe and Ti as the metal component showed that Fe-EMFs are not formed at all, whereas Ti is prone to form Ti-EMFs with small cage sizes, including Ti@C28-Td and Ti@C30-C2v(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Deng
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) , D-01171 Dresden , Germany .
- Department of Physics and Earth Science , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , 28759 Bremen , Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) & Department of Chemistry , Nagoya University , 464-8602 Nagoya , Japan
| | - Thomas Heine
- Department of Physics and Earth Science , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , 28759 Bremen , Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Linnéstr. 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) & Department of Chemistry , Nagoya University , 464-8602 Nagoya , Japan
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) , D-01171 Dresden , Germany .
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Jiao M, Song W, Qian HJ, Wang Y, Wu Z, Irle S, Morokuma K. QM/MD studies on graphene growth from small islands on the Ni(111) surface. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3067-3074. [PMID: 26785739 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07680c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations of graphene growth from small island precursors in different carbon nucleation densities on the Ni(111) surface at high temperatures have been conducted. The results indicate that small islands are not static, i.e. lateral diffusion and vertical fluctuation are frequently observed. In the case of low carbon nucleation density, carbon atoms or small carbon patches diffuse and attach to the edge of the nuclei to expand the size of the growing carbon network. The growth of graphene precursors is accompanied by the corresponding changes in the bonding of nickel atoms with the precipitation of subsurface carbon atoms. This is because the carbon-carbon interaction is stronger than the nickel-carbon interaction. In the case of high carbon nucleation densities, the dominant ripening mechanism depends on different growth stages. In the initial stage, the coalescence of carbon islands takes place via the Smoluchowski ripening mechanism. In the later stage the Smoluchowski ripening process is damped owing to the higher diffusion barrier of larger clusters and the restriction of movement by self-assembled nickel step edges. The cross-linking mechanism eventually takes over by the coalescence of extended polyyne chains between graphene islands. In either case, the Ostwald ripening process is not found in our molecular dynamics simulations due to the stability of carbon-carbon bonds within the islands. These investigations should be instructive to the control of graphene growth in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Song
- Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Dey G, Ren J, El-Ghazawi T, Licht S. How does an amalgamated Ni cathode affect carbon nanotube growth? A density functional theory study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a Density Functional Theory (DFT) study on the influence of an alloying mixture of Ni–Zn catalysts on carbon nanotube, CNT, growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangotri Dey
- Institute for Massively Parallel Applications and Computing Technology (IMPACT)
- George Washington University
- Washington DC 20052
- USA
| | - Jiawen Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- George Washington University
- Washington DC 20052
- USA
| | - Tarek El-Ghazawi
- Institute for Massively Parallel Applications and Computing Technology (IMPACT)
- George Washington University
- Washington DC 20052
- USA
| | - Stuart Licht
- Department of Chemistry
- George Washington University
- Washington DC 20052
- USA
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Li ZW, Zhu YL, Lu ZY, Sun ZY. Supracolloidal fullerene-like cages: design principles and formation mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32534-32540. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A vast collection of fascinating supracolloidal fullerene-like cages has been achievedviathe self-assembly of soft three-patch particles designed to mimic non-planar sp2hybridized carbon atoms in fullerenes, through the rational design of patch configuration, size, and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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50
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Khan IA, Nasim F, Choucair M, Ullah S, Badshah A, Nadeem MA. Cobalt oxide nanoparticle embedded N-CNTs: lithium ion battery applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ZIF-12 is converted to Co/N-CNTs at 950 °C under an argon atmosphere. The obtained hybrid nanocomposite is used for LIBs application as an anode material with superior charge storage performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Khan
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - F. Nasim
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - M. Choucair
- School of Chemistry
- University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia 2006
| | - S. Ullah
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - A. Badshah
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - M. A. Nadeem
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
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