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Slugen V, Brodziansky T, Simeg Veternikova J, Sojak S, Petriska M, Hinca R, Farkas G. Positron Annihilation Study of RPV Steels Radiation Loaded by Hydrogen Ion Implantation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7091. [PMID: 36295158 PMCID: PMC9605299 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of 15Kh2MFAA steel used for reactor pressure vessels V-213 (VVER-440 reactor) were studied by positron annihilation techniques in terms of their radiation resistance and structural recovery after thermal treatment. The radiation load was simulated by experimental implantation of 500 keV H+ ions. The maximum radiation damage of 1 DPA was obtained across a region of 3 µm. Radiation-induced defects were investigated by coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy and positron lifetime spectroscopy using a conventional positron source as well as a slow positron beam. All techniques registered an accumulation of small open-volume defects (mostly mono- and di-vacancies) due to the irradiation, with an increase of the defect volume ΔVD ≈ 2.88 × 10-8 cm-3. Finally, the irradiated specimens were gradually annealed at temperatures from 200 to 550 °C and analyzed in detail. The best defect recovery was found at a temperature between 450 and 475 °C, but the final defect concentration of about ΔCD = 0.34 ppm was still higher than in the as-received specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Slugen
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Brodziansky
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Simeg Veternikova
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Sojak
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Jana Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Petriska
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Hinca
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Farkas
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Legerstee WJ, Noort T, van Vliet TK, Schut H, Kelder EM. Characterisation of defects in porous silicon as an anode material using positron annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere we present Positron Annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (PADBS) as a powerful method to analyse the origin and development of defect processes in porous silicon structures as a result of alloying with lithium for the use in battery anode applications. Several prepared anodes were lithiated (discharged against Li+/Li) and de-lithiated (charged) with different capacities followed by a distinct treatment procedure and an analysis using the Delft Variable Energy Positron Beam. The results presented here show that we can distinguish two different processes attributed to (1) structural changes in silicon as a result of the alloying process, and (2) the formation of defects that initiate degradation of the material. The limit at which the porous material can be used for at least the first two cycles without the occurrence of damage can thus be accurately determined by using the PADBS technique.
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Veremchuk I, Liedke MO, Makushko P, Kosub T, Hedrich N, Pylypovskyi OV, Ganss F, Butterling M, Hübner R, Hirschmann E, Attallah AG, Wagner A, Wagner K, Shields B, Maletinsky P, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Defect Nanostructure and its Impact on Magnetism of α-Cr 2 O 3 Thin Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201228. [PMID: 35344270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of the magnetoelectric insulator α-Cr2 O3 are technologically relevant for energy-efficient magnetic memory devices controlled by electric fields. In contrast to single crystals, the quality of thin Cr2 O3 films is usually compromised by the presence of point defects and their agglomerations at grain boundaries, putting into question their application potential. Here, the impact of the defect nanostructure, including sparse small-volume defects and their complexes is studied on the magnetic properties of Cr2 O3 thin films. By tuning the deposition temperature, the type, size, and relative concentration of defects is tailored, which is analyzed using the positron annihilation spectroscopy complemented with electron microscopy studies. The structural characterization is correlated with magnetotransport measurements and nitrogen-vacancy microscopy of antiferromagnetic domain patterns. Defects pin antiferromagnetic domain walls and stabilize complex multidomain states with a domain size in the sub-micrometer range. Despite their influence on the domain configuration, neither small open-volume defects nor grain boundaries in Cr2 O3 thin films affect the Néel temperature in a broad range of deposition parameters. The results pave the way toward the realization of spin-orbitronic devices where magnetic domain patterns can be tailored based on defect nanostructures without affecting their operation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Veremchuk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Kosub
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Tensor Instruments, HZDR Innovation GmbH, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natascha Hedrich
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Fabian Ganss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ahmed G Attallah
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Brendan Shields
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Maletinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Macková A, Fernandes S, Matejíček J, Vilémová M, Holý V, Liedke M, Martan J, Vronka M, Potoček M, Bábor P, Butterling M, Attallah A, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Havránek V. Radiation damage evolution in pure W and W-Cr-Hf alloy caused by 5 MeV Au ions in a broad range of dpa. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Study of Interaction Mechanism between Positrons and Ag Clusters in Dilute Al-Ag Alloys at Low Temperature. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061451. [PMID: 33809744 PMCID: PMC8002228 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microstructural evolution of dilute Al–Ag alloys in its early aging stage and at low temperatures ranging from 15 K to 300 K was studied by the combined use of Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and positron annihilation Coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) techniques. It is shown that at low temperatures below 200 K, an Ag–vacancy complex is formed in the quenched alloy, and above 200 K, it decomposes into Ag clusters and monovacancies. Experimental and calculation results indicate that Ag clusters in Al–Ag alloys can act as shallow trapping sites, and the positron trapping rate is considerably enhanced by a decreasing measurement temperature.
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Positron annihilation spectroscopy of vacancy-related defects in CdTe:Cl and CdZnTe:Ge at different stoichiometry deviations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20641. [PMID: 26860684 PMCID: PMC4748320 DOI: 10.1038/srep20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) was used to examine the effect of defined Cd-rich and Te-rich annealing on point defects in Cl-doped CdTe and Ge-doped CdZnTe semi-insulating single crystals. The as-grown crystals contain open-volume defects connected with Cd vacancies . It was found that the Cd vacancies agglomerate into clusters coupled with Cl in CdTe:Cl, and in CdZnTe:Ge they are coupled with Ge donors. While annealing in Cd pressure reduces of the density, subsequent annealing in Te pressure restores . The CdTe:Cl contains negatively-charged shallow traps interpreted as Rydberg states of A-centres and representing the major positron trapping sites at low temperature. Positrons confined in the shallow traps exhibit lifetime, which is shorter than the CdTe bulk lifetime. Interpretation of the PAS data was successfully combined with electrical resistivity, Hall effect measurements and chemical analysis, and allowed us to determine the principal point defect densities.
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Čížek J, Melikhova O, Barnovská Z, Procházka I, Islamgaliev RK. Vacancy clusters in ultra fine grained metals prepared by severe plastic deformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/443/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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?�?ek J, Proch�zka I, Cieslar M, Stul�kov� I, Chmel�k F, Islamgaliev R. Positron-Lifetime Investigation of Thermal Stability of Ultra-Fine Grained Nickel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200206)191:2<391::aid-pssa391>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smedskjaer LC, Fluss MJ, Legnini DG, Chason MK, Siegel RW. The vacancy formation enthalpy in Ni determined by positron annihilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/11/11/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Jensen KO, Eldrup M, Pedersen NJ, Evans JH. Annealing behaviour of copper and nickel containing high concentrations of krypton studied by positron annihilation and other techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/18/8/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Puska MJ, Manninen M. Positron trapping rate into small vacancy clusters and light substitutional impurities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/17/11/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Jackman JA, Kim SM, Buyers WJL. A temperature-dependent angular correlation study of positron annihilation in single crystal zinc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/16/9/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Jensen KO, Eldrup M, Singh BN, Victoria M. Helium bubble in aluminium studied by positron annihilation: determination of bubble parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/18/6/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Shan YY, Panda BK, Fung S, Beling CD, Wang YY. Au/GaAs interface annealing study by positron-lifetime spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:4724-4727. [PMID: 9981644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kamimura Y, Tsutsumi T, Kuramoto E. Calculations of positron lifetimes in a jog and vacancies on an edge-dislocation line in Fe. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:879-885. [PMID: 9980665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Segers D, Dorikens-Vanpraet L, Dorikens M. Influence of Li in deformed Al-Li alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6781-6787. [PMID: 10006840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Hidalgo C, González-Doncel G, Linderoth S. Structure of dislocations in Al and Fe as studied by positron-annihilation spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:7017-7021. [PMID: 10000470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Häkkinen H, Mäkinen S, Manninen M. Edge dislocations in fcc metals: Microscopic calculations of core structure and positron states in Al and Cu. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:12441-12453. [PMID: 9993716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Puska MJ, Corbel C, Nieminen RM. Positron trapping in semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:9980-9993. [PMID: 9993382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Saarinen K, Hautojärvi P, Vehanen A, Krause R, Dlubek G. Shallow positron traps in GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:5287-5296. [PMID: 9948919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Smedskjaer LC, Veal BW, Legnini DG, Paulikas AP, Nowicki LJ. Positron-annihilation studies of the superconductivity transition in YBa2Cu. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:2330-2333. [PMID: 9944767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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23
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Hidalgo C, Linderoth S. Positron-trapping mechanism at dislocations in Zn. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:6740-6745. [PMID: 9942398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.6740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Linderoth S, Hidalgo C. Direct evidence for positron annihilation from shallow traps. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:4054-4057. [PMID: 9943378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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25
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Hidalgo C, Linderoth S, de Diego N. Positron-Dislocation Interaction in Deformed Zn and Cd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Park YK, Waber JT, Meshii M, Snead CL, Park CG. Dislocation studies on deformed single crystals of high-purity iron using positron annihilation: Determination of dislocation densities. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:823-836. [PMID: 9939691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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28
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Hidalgo C, Plazaola F. Positron-trapping mechanism at grain boundaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1985; 31:6941-6946. [PMID: 9935608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.31.6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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29
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Positron studies of hydrogen-defect interactions in proton irradiated molybdenum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00620613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Hautoj�rvi P, Johansson J, Vehanen A, Yli-Kauppila J, Hillairet J, Tzan�takis P. Trapping of positrons at vacancies in magnesium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01197546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Manninen M, Nieminen RM. Positron detrapping from defects: A thermodynamic approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00616655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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