1
|
Chae S, Choi WJ, Nebel LJ, Cho CH, Besford QA, Knapp A, Makushko P, Zabila Y, Pylypovskyi O, Jeong MW, Avdoshenko S, Sander O, Makarov D, Chung YJ, Fery A, Oh JY, Lee TI. Kinetically controlled metal-elastomer nanophases for environmentally resilient stretchable electronics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3071. [PMID: 38594231 PMCID: PMC11004024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanophase mixtures, leveraging the complementary strengths of each component, are vital for composites to overcome limitations posed by single elemental materials. Among these, metal-elastomer nanophases are particularly important, holding various practical applications for stretchable electronics. However, the methodology and understanding of nanophase mixing metals and elastomers are limited due to difficulties in blending caused by thermodynamic incompatibility. Here, we present a controlled method using kinetics to mix metal atoms with elastomeric chains on the nanoscale. We find that the chain migration flux and metal deposition rate are key factors, allowing the formation of reticular nanophases when kinetically in-phase. Moreover, we observe spontaneous structural evolution, resulting in gyrified structures akin to the human brain. The hybridized gyrified reticular nanophases exhibit strain-invariant metallic electrical conductivity up to 156% areal strain, unparalleled durability in organic solvents and aqueous environments with pH 2-13, and high mechanical robustness, a prerequisite for environmentally resilient devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soosang Chae
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Choi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Lisa Julia Nebel
- Institut für Numerische Mathematik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 12-14, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chang Hee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Knapp
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Stanislav Avdoshenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung e.V., Institute for Solid State Research, Nothnitzer Str. 49A, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Sander
- Institut für Numerische Mathematik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 12-14, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yoon Jang Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Volkov OM, Pylypovskyi OV, Porrati F, Kronast F, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Kákay A, Kuprava A, Barth S, Rybakov FN, Eriksson O, Lamb-Camarena S, Makushko P, Mawass MA, Shakeel S, Dobrovolskiy OV, Huth M, Makarov D. Three-dimensional magnetic nanotextures with high-order vorticity in soft magnetic wireframes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2193. [PMID: 38467623 PMCID: PMC10928081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive nanotechnology enable curvilinear and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic architectures with tunable topology and functionalities surpassing their planar counterparts. Here, we experimentally reveal that 3D soft magnetic wireframe structures resemble compact manifolds and accommodate magnetic textures of high order vorticity determined by the Euler characteristic, χ. We demonstrate that self-standing magnetic tetrapods (homeomorphic to a sphere; χ = + 2) support six surface topological solitons, namely four vortices and two antivortices, with a total vorticity of + 2 equal to its Euler characteristic. Alternatively, wireframe structures with one loop (homeomorphic to a torus; χ = 0) possess equal number of vortices and antivortices, which is relevant for spin-wave splitters and 3D magnonics. Subsequent introduction of n holes into the wireframe geometry (homeomorphic to an n-torus; χ < 0) enables the accommodation of a virtually unlimited number of antivortices, which suggests their usefulness for non-conventional (e.g., reservoir) computation. Furthermore, complex stray-field topologies around these objects are of interest for superconducting electronics, particle trapping and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Kyiv Academic University, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Fabrizio Porrati
- Physikalisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Florian Kronast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose A Fernandez-Roldan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuprava
- Physikalisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Barth
- Physikalisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Filipp N Rybakov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lamb-Camarena
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Währinger Str. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohamad-Assaad Mawass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4 - 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahrukh Shakeel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Währinger Str. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Huth
- Physikalisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pedan R, Makushko P, Yavorskyi Y, Dubikovskyi O, Bodnaruk A, Burmak A, Golub V, Voloshko S, Hübner R, Makarov D, Vladymyrskyi I. Low-temperature diffusion in thin-film Pt-(Au-)-Co heterostructures: a structural and magnetic characterization. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:195707. [PMID: 38271721 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad22a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Formation of functional thin films for nanoelectronics and magnetic data storage via thermally induced diffusion-driven structural phase transformations in multilayer stacks is a promising technology-relevant approach. Ferromagnetic thin films based on Co Pt alloys are considered as a material science platform for the development of various applications such as spin valves, spin orbit torque devices, and high-density data storage media. Here, we study diffusion processes in Pt-Co-based stacks with the focus on the effect of layers inversion (Pt/Co/substrate versus Co/Pt/substrate) and insertion of an intermediate Au layer on the structural transitions and magnetic properties. We demonstrate that the layer stacking has a pronounced effect on the diffusion rate at temperatures, where the diffusion is dominated by grain boundaries. We quantify effective diffusion coefficients, which characterize the diffusion rate of Co and Pt through the interface and grain boundaries, providing the possibility to control the homogenization rate of the Pt-Co-based heterostructures. The obtained values are in the range of 10-16-10-13cm2s-1for temperatures of 150 °C-350 °C. Heat treatment of the thin-film samples results in the coercivity enhancement, which is attributed to short-range chemical ordering effects. We show that introducing an additional Au intermediate layer leads to an increase of the coercive field of the annealed samples due to a modification of exchange coupling between the magnetic grains at the grain boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pedan
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Yavorskyi
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Dubikovskyi
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 41, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Bodnaruk
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Burmak
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Golub
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 36-B Vernadsky Blvd., Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Voloshko
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Vladymyrskyi
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Prospect Beresteiskyi 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Richter M, Sikorski J, Makushko P, Zabila Y, Venkiteswaran VK, Makarov D, Misra S. Locally Addressable Energy Efficient Actuation of Magnetic Soft Actuator Array Systems. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302077. [PMID: 37330643 PMCID: PMC10460866 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in magnetoresponsive composites and (electro-)magnetic actuators have led to development of magnetic soft machines (MSMs) as building blocks for small-scale robotic devices. Near-field MSMs offer energy efficiency and compactness by bringing the field source and effectors in close proximity. Current challenges of near-field MSM are limited programmability of effector motion, dimensionality, ability to perform collaborative tasks, and structural flexibility. Herein, a new class of near-field MSMs is demonstrated that combines microscale thickness flexible planar coils with magnetoresponsive polymer effectors. Ultrathin manufacturing and magnetic programming of effectors is used to tailor their response to the nonhomogeneous near-field distribution on the coil surface. The MSMs are demonstrated to lift, tilt, pull, or grasp in close proximity to each other. These ultrathin (80 µm) and lightweight (100 gm-2 ) MSMs can operate at high frequency (25 Hz) and low energy consumption (0.5 W), required for the use of MSMs in portable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Richter
- Surgical Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7500 AEThe Netherlands
| | - Jakub Sikorski
- Surgical Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7500 AEThe Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Groningen and UniversityMedical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner, Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner, Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- The H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow31‐342Poland
| | | | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner, Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7500 AEThe Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Groningen and UniversityMedical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Makushko P, Kosub T, Pylypovskyi OV, Hedrich N, Li J, Pashkin A, Avdoshenko S, Hübner R, Ganss F, Wolf D, Lubk A, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Wagner K, Shields BJ, Lehmann P, Veremchuk I, Fassbender J, Maletinsky P, Makarov D. Flexomagnetism and vertically graded Néel temperature of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 thin films. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6745. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntiferromagnetic insulators are a prospective materials platform for magnonics, spin superfluidity, THz spintronics, and non-volatile data storage. A magnetomechanical coupling in antiferromagnets offers vast advantages in the control and manipulation of the primary order parameter yet remains largely unexplored. Here, we discover a new member in the family of flexoeffects in thin films of Cr2O3. We demonstrate that a gradient of mechanical strain can impact the magnetic phase transition resulting in the distribution of the Néel temperature along the thickness of a 50-nm-thick film. The inhomogeneous reduction of the antiferromagnetic order parameter induces a flexomagnetic coefficient of about 15 μB nm−2. The antiferromagnetic ordering in the inhomogeneously strained films can persist up to 100 °C, rendering Cr2O3 relevant for industrial electronics applications. Strain gradient in Cr2O3 thin films enables fundamental research on magnetomechanics and thermodynamics of antiferromagnetic solitons, spin waves and artificial spin ice systems in magnetic materials with continuously graded parameters.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu R, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Pylypovskyi OV, Volkov OM, Oliveros Mata ES, Zabila Y, Illing R, Makushko P, Milkin P, Ionov L, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Self-healable printed magnetic field sensors using alternating magnetic fields. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6587. [PMID: 36329023 PMCID: PMC9631606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ alternating magnetic fields (AMF) to drive magnetic fillers actively and guide the formation and self-healing of percolation networks. Relying on AMF, we fabricate printable magnetoresistive sensors revealing an enhancement in sensitivity and figure of merit of more than one and two orders of magnitude relative to previous reports. These sensors display low noise, high resolution, and are readily processable using various printing techniques that can be applied to different substrates. The AMF-mediated self-healing has six characteristics: 100% performance recovery; repeatable healing over multiple cycles; room-temperature operation; healing in seconds; no need for manual reassembly; humidity insensitivity. It is found that the above advantages arise from the AMF-induced attraction of magnetic microparticles and the determinative oscillation that work synergistically to improve the quantity and quality of filler contacts. By virtue of these advantages, the AMF-mediated sensors are used in safety application, medical therapy, and human-machine interfaces for augmented reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V. Pylypovskyi
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany ,grid.510453.6Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142 Ukraine
| | - Oleksii M. Volkov
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Milkin
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str 36a, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str 36a, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Veremchuk I, Liedke MO, Makushko P, Kosub T, Hedrich N, Pylypovskyi OV, Ganss F, Butterling M, Hübner R, Hirschmann E, Attallah AG, Wagner A, Wagner K, Shields B, Maletinsky P, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Defect Nanostructure and its Impact on Magnetism of α-Cr 2 O 3 Thin Films. Small 2022; 18:e2201228. [PMID: 35344270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of the magnetoelectric insulator α-Cr2 O3 are technologically relevant for energy-efficient magnetic memory devices controlled by electric fields. In contrast to single crystals, the quality of thin Cr2 O3 films is usually compromised by the presence of point defects and their agglomerations at grain boundaries, putting into question their application potential. Here, the impact of the defect nanostructure, including sparse small-volume defects and their complexes is studied on the magnetic properties of Cr2 O3 thin films. By tuning the deposition temperature, the type, size, and relative concentration of defects is tailored, which is analyzed using the positron annihilation spectroscopy complemented with electron microscopy studies. The structural characterization is correlated with magnetotransport measurements and nitrogen-vacancy microscopy of antiferromagnetic domain patterns. Defects pin antiferromagnetic domain walls and stabilize complex multidomain states with a domain size in the sub-micrometer range. Despite their influence on the domain configuration, neither small open-volume defects nor grain boundaries in Cr2 O3 thin films affect the Néel temperature in a broad range of deposition parameters. The results pave the way toward the realization of spin-orbitronic devices where magnetic domain patterns can be tailored based on defect nanostructures without affecting their operation temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Veremchuk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Kosub
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Tensor Instruments, HZDR Innovation GmbH, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natascha Hedrich
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Fabian Ganss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ahmed G Attallah
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Brendan Shields
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Maletinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|