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Tateno M, Tanaka H. Power-law coarsening in network-forming phase separation governed by mechanical relaxation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:912. [PMID: 33568666 PMCID: PMC7875975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A space-spanning network structure is a basic morphology in phase separation of soft and biomatter, alongside a droplet one. Despite its fundamental and industrial importance, the physical principle underlying such network-forming phase separation remains elusive. Here, we study the network coarsening during gas-liquid-type phase separation of colloidal suspensions and pure fluids, by hydrodynamic and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. For both, the detailed analyses of the pore sizes and strain field reveal the self-similar network coarsening and the unconventional power-law growth more than a decade according to ℓ ∝ t1/2, where ℓ is the characteristic pore size and t is the elapsed time. We find that phase-separation dynamics is controlled by mechanical relaxation of the network-forming dense phase, whose limiting process is permeation flow of the solvent for colloidal suspensions and heat transport for pure fluids. This universal coarsening law would contribute to the fundamental physical understanding of network-forming phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tateno
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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2
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Da Vela S, Begam N, Dyachok D, Schäufele RS, Matsarskaia O, Braun MK, Girelli A, Ragulskaya A, Mariani A, Zhang F, Schreiber F. Interplay between Glass Formation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Revealed by the Scattering Invariant. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7273-7278. [PMID: 32787309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of the glass transition with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a subject of intense debate. We use the scattering invariant Q to probe how approaching the glass transition affects the shape of LLPS boundaries in the temperature/volume fraction plane. Two protein systems featuring kinetic arrest with a lower and an upper critical solution temperature phase behavior, respectively, are studied varying the quench depth. Using Q we noninvasively identify system-dependent differences for the effect of glass formation on the LLPS boundary. The glassy dense phase appears to enter the coexistence region for the albumin-YCl3 system, whereas it follows the equilibrium binodal for the γ-globulin-PEG system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Da Vela
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Danylo Dyachok
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michal K Braun
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Mariani
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Bressel K, Müller W, Leser ME, Reich O, Hass R, Wooster TJ. Depletion-Induced Flocculation of Concentrated Emulsions Probed by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3504-3513. [PMID: 32162925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable, creaming-free oil in water emulsions with high volume fractions of oil (ϕ = 0.05-0.40, density matched to water) and polysorbate 80 as an emulsifier were characterized without dilution by Photon Density Wave spectroscopy measuring light absorption and scattering behavior, the latter serving as the basis for droplet size distribution analysis. The emulsion with ϕ = 0.10 was used to investigate flocculation processes induced by xanthan as a semi-flexible linear nonabsorbing polymer. Different time regimes in the development of the reduced scattering coefficient μs' could be identified. First, a rapid, temperature-dependent change in μs' during the depletion process was observed. Second, the further decrease of μs' follows a power law in analogy to a spinodal demixing behavior, as described by the Cahn-Hilliard theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bressel
- Physical Chemistry-InnoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wenke Müller
- Physical Chemistry-InnoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin E Leser
- Institute of Material Science, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Reich
- Physical Chemistry-InnoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Hass
- Physical Chemistry-InnoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim J Wooster
- Institute of Material Science, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Understanding and controlling nucleation is important for many crystallization applications. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is often used as a model system to investigate nucleation mechanisms. Despite its great importance in geology, biology, and many industrial applications, CaCO3 nucleation is still a topic of intense discussion, with new pathways for its growth from ions in solution proposed in recent years. These new pathways include the so-called nonclassical nucleation mechanism via the assembly of thermodynamically stable prenucleation clusters, as well as the formation of a dense liquid precursor phase via liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we present results from a combined experimental and computational investigation on the precipitation of CaCO3 in dilute aqueous solutions. We propose that a dense liquid phase (containing 4-7 H2O per CaCO3 unit) forms in supersaturated solutions through the association of ions and ion pairs without significant participation of larger ion clusters. This liquid acts as the precursor for the formation of solid CaCO3 in the form of vaterite, which grows via a net transfer of ions from solution according to z Ca2+ + z CO32- → z CaCO3 The results show that all steps in this process can be explained according to classical concepts of crystal nucleation and growth, and that long-standing physical concepts of nucleation can describe multistep, multiphase growth mechanisms.
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5
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Films of bacteria at interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:561-572. [PMID: 28778342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are often discussed as active colloids, self-propelled organisms whose collective motion can be studied in the context of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. In such studies, the behavior of bacteria confined to interfaces or in the proximity of an interface plays an important role. For instance, many studies have probed collective behavior of bacteria in quasi two-dimensional systems such as soap films. Since fluid interfaces can adsorb surfactants and other materials, the stress and velocity boundary conditions at interfaces can alter bacteria motion; hydrodynamic studies of interfaces with differing boundary conditions are reviewed. Also, bacteria in bulk can become trapped at or near fluid interfaces, where they colonize and form structures comprising secretions like exopolysaccharides, surfactants, living and dead bacteria, thereby creating Films of Bacteria at Interfaces (FBI). The formation of FBI is discussed at air-water, oil-water, and water-water interfaces, with an emphasis on film mechanics, and with some allusion to genetic functions guiding bacteria to restructure fluid interfaces. At air-water interfaces, bacteria form pellicles or interfacial biofilms. Studies are reviewed that reveal that pellicle material properties differ for different strains of bacteria, and that pellicle physicochemistry can act as a feedback mechanism to regulate film formation. At oil-water interfaces, a range of FBI form, depending on bacteria strain. Some bacteria-laden interfaces age from an initial active film, with dynamics dominated by motile bacteria, through viscoelastic states, to form an elastic film. Others remain active with no evidence of elastic film formation even at significant interface ages. Finally, bacteria can adhere to and colonize ultra-low surface tension interfaces such as aqueous-aqueous systems common in food industries. Relevant literature is reviewed, and areas of interest for potential application are discussed, ranging from health to bioremediation.
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Mahmoudi N, Stradner A. Making Food Protein Gels via an Arrested Spinodal Decomposition. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15522-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najet Mahmoudi
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’ancienne Papeterie
1, Marly, Switzerland
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Stradner
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Reufer M, Machado AHE, Niederquell A, Bohnenblust K, Müller B, Völker AC, Kuentz M. Introducing diffusing wave spectroscopy as a process analytical tool for pharmaceutical emulsion manufacturing. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3902-3913. [PMID: 25302803 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are widely used for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications. To guarantee that their critical quality attributes meet specifications, it is desirable to monitor the emulsion manufacturing process. However, finding of a suitable process analyzer has so far remained challenging. This article introduces diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) as an at-line technique to follow the manufacturing process of a model oil-in-water pharmaceutical emulsion containing xanthan gum. The DWS results were complemented with mechanical rheology, microscopy analysis, and stability tests. DWS is an advanced light scattering technique that assesses the microrheology and in general provides information on the dynamics and statics of dispersions. The obtained microrheology results showed good agreement with those obtained with bulk rheology. Although no notable changes in the rheological behavior of the model emulsions were observed during homogenization, the intensity correlation function provided qualitative information on the evolution of the emulsion dynamics. These data together with static measurements of the transport mean free path (l*) correlated very well with the changes in droplet size distribution occurring during the emulsion homogenization. This study shows that DWS is a promising process analytical technology tool for development and manufacturing of pharmaceutical emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Reufer
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland; LS Instruments, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra H E Machado
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Andreas Niederquell
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Müller
- Galderma Spirig, Spirig Pharma AG, Egerkingen CH-4622, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland.
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9
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Tanaka H. Viscoelastic phase separation in soft matter and foods. Faraday Discuss 2012; 158:371-406; discussion 493-522. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Corredig M, Sharafbafi N, Kristo E. Polysaccharide–protein interactions in dairy matrices, control and design of structures. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jamie EAG, Dullens RPA, Aarts DGAL. Tuning the demixing of colloid-polymer systems through the dispersing solvent. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:194115. [PMID: 21525558 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/19/194115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements on fluid-fluid phase separation in a colloid-polymer mixture by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy and we show that we can access the various coarsening regimes by tuning the properties of the solvent. By increasing the viscosity of the solvent we are able to access the diffusive hydrodynamic regime of spinodal decomposition. By matching the density of the solvent and colloids we are able to grow structures to large length scales before they are destroyed by buoyancy forces. Tuning the solvent's density furthermore gives control over which phase flows up and down, illustrating the flexibility of this particular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A G Jamie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Villetti MA, Soldi V, Rochas C, Borsali R. Phase-Separation Kinetics and Mechanism in a Methylcellulose/Salt Aqueous Solution Studied by Time-Resolved Small-Angle Light Scattering (SALS). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Dumetz AC, Chockla AM, Kaler EW, Lenhoff AM. Protein phase behavior in aqueous solutions: crystallization, liquid-liquid phase separation, gels, and aggregates. Biophys J 2008; 94:570-83. [PMID: 18160663 PMCID: PMC2157236 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregates and gels commonly observed during protein crystallization have generally been considered disordered phases without further characterization. Here their physical nature is addressed by investigating protein salting-out in ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride for six proteins (ovalbumin, ribonuclease A, soybean trypsin inhibitor, lysozyme, and beta-lactoglobulin A and B) at 4 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 37 degrees C. When interpreted within the framework of a theoretical phase diagram obtained for colloidal particles displaying short-range attractive interactions, the results show that the formation of aggregates can be interpreted theoretically in terms of a gas-liquid phase separation for aggregates that are amorphous or gel-like. A notable additional feature is the existence of a second aggregation line observed for both ovalbumin and ribonuclease A in ammonium sulfate, interpreted theoretically as the spinodal. Further investigation of ovalbumin and lysozyme reveals that the formation of aggregates can be interpreted, in light of theoretical results from mode-coupling theory, as a kinetically trapped state or a gel phase that occurs through the intermediate of a gas-liquid phase separation. Despite the limitations of simple theoretical models of short-range attractive interactions, such as their inability to reproduce the effect of temperature, they provide a framework useful to describe the main features of protein phase behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Dumetz
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Bailey AE, Poon WCK, Christianson RJ, Schofield AB, Gasser U, Prasad V, Manley S, Segre PN, Cipelletti L, Meyer WV, Doherty MP, Sankaran S, Jankovsky AL, Shiley WL, Bowen JP, Eggers JC, Kurta C, Lorik T, Pusey PN, Weitz DA. Spinodal decomposition in a model colloid-polymer mixture in microgravity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:205701. [PMID: 18233160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study phase separation in a deeply quenched colloid-polymer mixture in microgravity on the International Space Station using small-angle light scattering and direct imaging. We observe a clear crossover from early-stage spinodal decomposition to late-stage, interfacial-tension-driven coarsening. Data acquired over 5 orders of magnitude in time show more than 3 orders of magnitude increase in domain size, following nearly the same evolution as that in binary liquid mixtures. The late-stage growth approaches the expected linear growth rate quite slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bailey
- Dept. of Physics & SEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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