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Rafiq Q, Khan MT, Hayat SS, Azam S, Rahman AU, Elansary HO, Shan M. Adsorption and solar light activity of noble metal adatoms (Au and Zn) on Fe(111) surface: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17118-17131. [PMID: 38845366 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Noble metals such as gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are highly significant in both fundamental and technological contexts owing to their applications in optoelectronics, optical coatings, transparent coatings, photodetectors, light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, nanotechnology, batteries, and thermal barrier coatings. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the optoelectronic properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials using density functional theory (DFT) first-principles method with a focus on both materials' spin orientations. The optoelectronic properties were obtained employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach, integrating the exchange-correlation function with the Hubbard potential U for improved accuracy. The arrangement of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials was found to lack an energy gap, indicating a metallic behavior in both the spin-up state and the spin-down state. The optical properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials, including their absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy-loss function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity, were thoroughly examined for both spin channels in the spectral region from 0.0 eV to 14 eV. The calculations revealed significant spin-dependent effects in the optical properties of the materials. Furthermore, this study explored the properties of the electronic bonding between several species in Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials by examining the density distribution mapping of charge within the crystal symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Rafiq
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
- School of computer science and technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sardar Sikandar Hayat
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Azam
- Faculty of engineering and applied sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Amin Ur Rahman
- Faculty of engineering and applied sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Materials simulation Research Laboratory (MSRL), Institute of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Fernández-Félix TC, Santana JA. Atomic Structures of Single-Layer Nanoislands of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au Supported on Au(111) from Density Functional Theory Calculations. SURFACE SCIENCE 2022; 716:121960. [PMID: 34737461 PMCID: PMC8562674 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2021.121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have used density functional theory calculations to study the atomic structure of single-layer nanoislands of metal M (M=Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) supported on M(111) and Au(111) surfaces. Nanoislands of Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au have planar structures on Au(111), while nanoislands of Ni, Rh, and Ir are nonplanar. The calculations also show that nanoislands of Cu, Pd, Pt, and Au on Au(111) with a diameter below 3 nm can have one of several atomic structures. Two of these structures have atoms at the edges of the nanoislands located near bridge sites on Au(111), and the other structures have atoms at the edges and center of the nanoislands located near bridge sites. The relative stability of these atomic structures depends on the size and nature of the Au-supported nanoparticles. Our findings provided computational support for the work of Liao and Ya [J. Phys. Chem. C. 121 (2017) 19218-19225] reporting the formation of two phases of Pt nanoislands on Au(111). These findings also reveal the rich and complex atomic structures of small single-layer metal nanoislands supported on metal surfaces.
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Vázquez-Lizardi GA, Ruiz-Casanova LA, Cruz-Sánchez RM, Santana JA. Simulation of Metal-Supported Metal-Nanoislands: A Comparison of DFT Methods. SURFACE SCIENCE 2021; 712:121889. [PMID: 34176977 PMCID: PMC8224827 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2021.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated various density functional theory (DFT) methods to simulate geometric, energetic, electronic, and hydrogen adsorption properties of metal-nanoparticles supported on metal surfaces. We used Pt and Pd nanoislands on Au(111) as model systems. The evaluated DFT methods include GGA (PW91, PBE, RPBE, revPBE, and PBESol), GGA with van der Waals (vdW) corrected (PBE-D3), GGA with optimized vdW functionals (revPBE-vdW), meta-GGA (SCAN and MS2), and the machine learning-based method BEEF-vdW. The results show that the various DFT methods yield similar geometric and electronic properties for Pt (or Pd) nanoislands on Au(111). The DFT methods also produce similar relative energetics for small Pt (or Pd) clusters with different conformations on Au(111). The results show that a triatomic cluster of Pt on Au(111) is more stable with a linear conformation. In contrast, a triatomic cluster of Pd is more stable with a triangular conformation. For clusters with four or more atoms, Pt and Pd clusters on Au(111) prefer non-linear conformation. We found that the various DFT methods yield different results only for the adsorption energy of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan A. Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, Puerto Rico, 00737
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Santana JA, Meléndez-Rivera J. Hydrogen Adsorption on Au-Supported Pt and Pd Nanoislands: A Computational Study of Hydrogen Coverage Effects. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:5110-5115. [PMID: 34178204 PMCID: PMC8225257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen under high coverage conditions of adsorbed hydrogen on Pd and Pt nanoislands supported on Au(111) using Density Functional Theory calculations. The results reveal that for Pd/Au(111), the free energy of hydrogen adsorption ΔG is close to 0 kJ/mol when the coverage of adsorbed hydrogen is near 1 ML, where the available catalytic sites are located at the edges of the Pd nanoislands. In the case of Pt/Au(111), ΔG ≈ 0 kJ/mol under a broad range of hydrogen coverage conditions, from 1 ML to 3 ML, depending on the size of the Pt nanoislands. This is the case because the available catalytic sites are located at both the steps and terraces of Pt nanoislands. These findings indicate that Au surfaces with Pd or Pt nanoislands offer catalytic sites with ΔG ≈ 0 for hydrogen reactions, one key factor for an ideal electrocatalyst for hydrogen reactions.
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Liang Y, Csoklich C, McLaughlin D, Schneider O, Bandarenka AS. Revealing Active Sites for Hydrogen Evolution at Pt and Pd Atomic Layers on Au Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12476-12480. [PMID: 30864772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the most active surface sites is one of the key tasks in the development of new electrocatalytic materials. This is in many cases both time and resource consuming due to methodological difficulties of in situ detection of centers of this kind. In this work, we use the recently developed approach based on the analysis of the tunneling current noise recorded by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (n-ECSTM) to compare the nature of the most active hydrogen evolution catalytic sites in a system consisting of sub-monolayers of platinum on a Au substrate to the one of palladium on Au. Our n-ECSTM measurements performed under reaction conditions show that in striking contrast to Pd islands on gold, where the most active centers are located close to the boundary between Au and palladium atoms, all Pt ad-atoms contribute to the overall activity rather equally at pH 1. Methodological aspects related to the use of n-ECSTM in electrocatalytic research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Liang
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christoph Csoklich
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - David McLaughlin
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Institut für Informatik VI , Technische Universität München , Schleißheimer Straße 90a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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Yan K, Maark TA, Khorshidi A, Sethuraman VA, Peterson AA, Guduru PR. The Influence of Elastic Strain on Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6175-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Engineering; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
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Yan K, Maark TA, Khorshidi A, Sethuraman VA, Peterson AA, Guduru PR. The Influence of Elastic Strain on Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Engineering; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
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Ju W, Brülle T, Favaro M, Perini L, Durante C, Schneider O, Stimming U. Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite: Preparation, Reactivity and Stability. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Alia SM, Duong K, Liu T, Jensen K, Yan Y. Palladium and gold nanotubes as oxygen reduction reaction and alcohol oxidation reaction catalysts in base. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1739-1744. [PMID: 24757078 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Palladium (PdNTs) and gold nanotubes (AuNTs) were synthesized by the galvanic displacement of silver nanowires. PdNTs and AuNTs have wall thicknesses of 6 nm, outer diameters of 60 nm, and lengths of 5-10 and 5-20 μm, respectively. Rotating disk electrode experiments showed that the PdNTs and AuNTs have higher area normalized activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than conventional nanoparticle catalysts. The PdNTs produced an ORR area activity that was 3.4, 2.2, and 3.7 times greater than that on carbon-supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/C), bulk polycrystalline palladium, and carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C), respectively. The AuNTs produced an ORR area activity that was 2.3, 9.0, and 2.0 times greater than that on carbon-supported gold nanoparticles (Au/C), bulk polycrystalline gold, and Pt/C, respectively. The PdNTs also had lower onset potentials than Pd/C and Pt/C for the oxidation of methanol (0.236 V), ethanol (0.215 V), and ethylene glycol (0.251 V). In comparison to Pt/C, the PdNTs and AuNTs further demonstrated improved alcohol tolerance during the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Alia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA), Fax: (+1) 302-831-1048; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 (USA)
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Friedl J, Stimming U. Model catalyst studies on hydrogen and ethanol oxidation for fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Solla-Gullón J, Aldaz A, Clavilier J. Ultra-low platinum coverage at gold electrodes and its effect on the hydrogen reaction in acidic solutions. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Size-dependent electrocatalytic activity of gold nanoparticles on HOPG and highly boron-doped diamond surfaces. Molecules 2011; 16:10059-77. [PMID: 22146369 PMCID: PMC6264566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles were prepared by electrochemical deposition on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and boron-doped, epitaxial 100-oriented diamond layers. Using a potentiostatic double pulse technique, the average particle size was varied in the range from 5 nm to 30 nm in the case of HOPG as a support and between <1 nm and 15 nm on diamond surfaces, while keeping the particle density constant. The distribution of particle sizes was very narrow, with standard deviations of around 20% on HOPG and around 30% on diamond. The electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction of these carbon supported gold nanoparticles in dependence of the particle sizes was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. For oxygen reduction the current density normalized to the gold surface (specific current density) increased for decreasing particle size. In contrast, the specific current density of hydrogen evolution showed no dependence on particle size. For both reactions, no effect of the different carbon supports on electrocatalytic activity was observed.
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Theory meets experiment: Electrocatalysis of hydrogen oxidation/evolution at Pd–Au nanostructures. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yu Y, Wang X, Lim KH. A DFT Study on the Adsorption of Formic Acid and Its Oxidized Intermediates on (100) Facets of Pt, Au, Monolayer and Decorated Pt@Au Surfaces. Catal Letters 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-011-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Friebel D, Miller DJ, Nordlund D, Ogasawara H, Nilsson A. Degradation of Bimetallic Model Electrocatalysts: An In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Friebel D, Miller DJ, Nordlund D, Ogasawara H, Nilsson A. Degradation of Bimetallic Model Electrocatalysts: An In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10190-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, we have proposed a unified model for electrochemical electron transfer
reactions which explicitly accounts for the electronic structure of the electrode.
It provides a framework describing the whole course of bond-breaking electron
transfer, which explains catalytic effects caused by the presence of surface d bands.
In application on real systems, the parameters of this model—interaction strengths,
densities of states, and energies of reorganization—are obtained from density
functional theory (DFT). In this opportunity, we review our main achievements in applying the theory of
electrocatalysis. Particularly, we have focused on the electrochemical adsorption
of a proton from the solution—the Volmer reaction—on a variety of systems of
technological interest, such as bare single crystals and nanostructured surfaces. We
discuss in detail the interaction of the surface metal d band with the valence orbital
of the reactant and its effect on the catalytic activity as well as other aspects that
influence the surface-electrode reactivity such as strain and chemical factors.
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Brülle T, Denisenko A, Sternschulte H, Stimming U. Catalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles on highly boron-doped and 100-oriented epitaxial diamond towards HER and HOR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12883-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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STM, SECPM, AFM and Electrochemistry on Single Crystalline Surfaces. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4196-4213. [PMID: 28883327 PMCID: PMC5445822 DOI: 10.3390/ma3084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques have had a great impact on research fields of surface science and nanotechnology during the last decades. They are used to investigate surfaces with scanning ranges between several 100 μm down to atomic resolution. Depending on experimental conditions, and the interaction forces between probe and sample, different SPM techniques allow mapping of different surface properties. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in air and under electrochemical conditions (EC-STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air and scanning electrochemical potential microscopy (SECPM) under electrochemical conditions, were used to study different single crystalline surfaces in electrochemistry. Especially SECPM offers potentially new insights into the solid-liquid interface by providing the possibility to image the potential distribution of the surface, with a resolution that is comparable to STM. In electrocatalysis, nanostructured catalysts supported on different electrode materials often show behavior different from their bulk electrodes. This was experimentally and theoretically shown for several combinations and recently on Pt on Au(111) towards fuel cell relevant reactions. For these investigations single crystals often provide accurate and well defined reference and support systems. We will show heteroepitaxially grown Ru, Ir and Rh single crystalline surface films and bulk Au single crystals with different orientations under electrochemical conditions. Image studies from all three different SPM methods will be presented and compared to electrochemical data obtained by cyclic voltammetry in acidic media. The quality of the single crystalline supports will be verified by the SPM images and the cyclic voltammograms. Furthermore, an outlook will be presented on how such supports can be used in electrocatalytic studies.
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Wolfschmidt H, Weingarth D, Stimming U. Enhanced Reactivity for Hydrogen Reactions at Pt Nanoislands on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1533-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Santos E, Quaino P, Schmickler W. On the electrocatalysis of nanostructures: Monolayers of a foreign atom (Pd) on different substrates M(111). Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alonso-Vante N. Platinum and Non-Platinum Nanomaterials for the Molecular Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2732-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kunze J, Stimming U. Electrochemical Versus Heat-Engine Energy Technology: A Tribute to Wilhelm Ostwaldâs Visionary Statements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9230-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kunze J, Stimming U. Energietechnologie: Elektrochemie gegen Wärmekraftmaschinen â ein Tribut an Wilhelm Ostwalds visionäre Aussagen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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