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Schreder L, Luber S. Chiral Spectroscopy of Bulk Systems with Propagated Localized Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3894-3910. [PMID: 38661175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We present approaches for the simulation of electronic circular dichroism, Raman, and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra for isolated and periodic systems as well as subsystem analysis thereof. The method is based on the use of time-dependent maximally localized Wannier functions in the CP2K package and accounts for origin dependencies inherent to the Gaussian and plane wave with pseudopotentials approach as well as the origin dependence of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole operators. Tests on the H-bonded enantiomers of alanine by harmonic normal-mode analysis and on an aqueous solution of l-alanine by ab initio molecular dynamics obeying periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are presented as total and subsystem-resolved spectra. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of an ROA spectrum derived from real-time propagation obeying PBCs and the first ROA simulation considering off-, pre-, and on-resonance effects within PBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schreder
- University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Springborg M, Zhou M, Kirtman B. The shape effect and its consequences for polar surfaces and for heterogeneous catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13308-13319. [PMID: 37133928 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we develop the shape effect, which is relevant for crystalline materials whose size is larger than that of the thermodynamic limit. According to this effect the electronic properties of one surface of a crystal depend upon all of its surfaces, i.e. on the overall shape. At first, qualitative mathematical arguments are presented for the existence of this effect based on the conditions for the stability of polar surfaces. Our treatment explains why such surfaces are observed even though earlier theory indicated that they should not exist. Then, models are developed from which it is found computationally that changing the shape of a polar crystal can substantially alter the magnitude of its surface charges. Apart from surface charges, it follows that the crystal shape will also significantly affect bulk properties, most notably polarization and piezoelectric responses. Additional model calculations show a strong shape effect on the activation energy for heterogeneous catalysis primarily through local surface charges rather than a non-local/long range electrostatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Springborg
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
| | - Bernard Kirtman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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3
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Abstract
The paper presents a miscellany of unorthodox and, in some cases, paradoxical or controversial items related to computational and applied electromagnetics. The topics include a definition of the magnetic source field via a line integral, losses in electric power transmission vs. losses in photonics, homogenization of periodic electromagnetic structures, spurious modes, models of plasmonic media, and more. It is hoped that this assortment of subjects will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists and engineers.
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4
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Solovyev I, Ono R, Nikolaev S. Magnetically Induced Polarization in Centrosymmetric Bonds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:187601. [PMID: 34767415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.187601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the microscopic origin of electric polarization P[over →] induced by noncollinear magnetic order. We show that in Mott insulators, such P[over →] is given by all possible combinations of position operators r[over →][over ^]_{ij}=(r[over →]_{ij}^{0},r[over →]_{ij}) and transfer integrals t[over ^]_{ij}=(t_{ij}^{0},t_{ij}) in the bonds, where r[over →]_{ij}^{0} and t_{ij}^{0} are spin-independent contributions in the basis of Kramers doublet states, while r[over →]_{ij} and t_{ij} stem solely from the spin-orbit interaction. Among them, the combination t_{ij}^{0}r[over →]_{ij}, which couples to the spin current, remains finite in the centrosymmetric bonds, thus yielding finite P[over →] in the case of noncollinear arrangement of spins. The form of the magnetoelectric coupling, which is controlled by r[over →]_{ij}, appears to be rich and is not limited to the phenomenological law P[over →]∼ε_{ij}×[e_{i}×e_{j}] with ε_{ij} being the bond vector connecting the spins e_{i} and e_{j}. Using density-functional theory, we illustrate how the proposed mechanism works in the spiral magnets CuCl_{2}, CuBr_{2}, CuO, and α-Li_{2}IrO_{3}, providing a consistent explanation for the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Solovyev
- National Institute for Materials Science, MANA, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Metal Physics, S. Kovalevskaya Street 18, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ryota Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 265-8522, Japan
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- National Institute for Materials Science, MANA, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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5
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Ren Y, Xiao C, Saparov D, Niu Q. Phonon Magnetic Moment from Electronic Topological Magnetization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:186403. [PMID: 34767398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional theory of magnetic moments for chiral phonons is based on the picture of the circular motion of the Born effective charge, typically yielding a small fractional value of the nuclear magneton. Here we investigate the adiabatic evolution of electronic states induced by the lattice vibration of a chiral phonon and obtain an electronic orbital magnetization in the form of a topological second Chern form. We find that the traditional theory needs to be refined by introducing a k resolved Born effective charge, and identify another contribution from the phonon-modified electronic energy together with the momentum-space Berry curvature. The second Chern form can diverge when there is a Yang's monopole near the parameter space of interest as illustrated by considering a phonon at the Brillouin zone corner in a gapped graphene model. We also find large magnetic moments for the optical phonon in bulk topological materials where nontopological contribution is also important. Our results agree with recent observations in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ren
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniyar Saparov
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- ICQD/HFNL and School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Sprik M. Electric-field-based Poisson-Boltzmann theory: Treating mobile charge as polarization. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022803. [PMID: 33736023 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of an electrolyte can then be treated as a composite nonuniform dielectric body. Writing the electrostatic interactions as an integral over electric-field energy density we show that the Poisson-Boltzmann functional in this formulation is convex and can be used to derive the equilibrium equations for electric potential and ion concentration by a variational procedure developed by Ericksen for dielectric continua [J. L. Ericksen, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 183, 299 (2007)AVRMAW0003-952710.1007/s00205-006-0042-4]. The Maxwell field equations are enforced by extending the set of variational parameters by a vector potential representing the dielectric displacement which is fully transverse in a dielectric system without embedded external charge. The electric-field energy density in this representation is a function of the vector potential and the sum of ionic and solvent polarization making the mutual screening explicit. Transverse polarization is accounted for by construction, lifting the restriction to longitudinal polarization inherent in the electrostatic potential based formulation of Poisson-Boltzmann mean field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Sprik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England, United Kingdom
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7
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Varignon J, Bristowe NC, Bousquet E, Ghosez P. Magneto-electric multiferroics: designing new materials from first-principles calculations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In parallel with the revival of interest for magneto-electric multiferroic materials in the beginning of the century, first-principles simulations have grown incredibly in efficiency during the last two decades. Density functional theory calculations, in particular, have so become a must-have tool for physicists and chemists in the multiferroic community. While these calculations were originally used to support and explain experimental behaviour, their interest has progressively moved to the design of novel magneto-electric multiferroic materials. In this article, we mainly focus on oxide perovskites, an important class of multifunctional material, and review some significant advances to which contributed first-principles calculations. We also briefly introduce the various theoretical developments that were at the core of all these advances.
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8
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Grisafi A, Ceriotti M. Incorporating long-range physics in atomic-scale machine learning. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:204105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grisafi
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Gas sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers part 1: transducers and receptors-basic understanding. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1761-1787. [PMID: 30868191 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interest in gas sensors is continuously increasing because of their environmental, medical, industrial, and domestic applications. This has resulted in an increasing number of investigations being reported in the literature and communicated at conferences. The present review, organized in two parts, addresses the peculiarities of gas sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers, starting with their structure and functionality and progressing to implementation and specific use. In this first part of the review, we discuss the constructional peculiarities and operation regions and the physical and chemical processes governing the reception and transduction functions and the way in which they influence the sensor sensing parameters/features. Scientific outcomes and trends in research into gas sensors based on mass sensitive transducers are also considered.
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10
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Sotome M, Nakamura M, Fujioka J, Ogino M, Kaneko Y, Morimoto T, Zhang Y, Kawasaki M, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y, Ogawa N. Spectral dynamics of shift current in ferroelectric semiconductor SbSI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1929-1933. [PMID: 30670652 PMCID: PMC6369763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802427116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation in solids brings about transitions of electrons/holes between different electronic bands. If the solid lacks an inversion symmetry, these electronic transitions support spontaneous photocurrent due to the geometric phase of the constituting electronic bands: the Berry connection. This photocurrent, termed shift current, is expected to emerge on the timescale of primary photoexcitation process. We observe ultrafast evolution of the shift current in a prototypical ferroelectric semiconductor antimony sulfur iodide (SbSI) by detecting emitted terahertz electromagnetic waves. By sweeping the excitation photon energy across the bandgap, ultrafast electron dynamics as a source of terahertz emission abruptly changes its nature, reflecting a contribution of Berry connection on interband optical transition. The shift excitation carries a net charge flow and is followed by a swing over of the electron cloud on a subpicosecond timescale. Understanding these substantive characters of the shift current with the help of first-principles calculation will pave the way for its application to ultrafast sensors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sotome
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan;
| | - M Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012 Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - J Fujioka
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012 Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ogino
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - T Morimoto
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Y Zhang
- Solid State Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 351-0198 Wako, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012 Kawaguchi, Japan
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11
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Springborg M, Molayem M, Kirtman B. Electronic orbital response of regular extended and infinite periodic systems to magnetic fields. I. Theoretical foundations for static case. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:104101. [PMID: 28915743 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical treatment for the orbital response of an infinite, periodic system to a static, homogeneous, magnetic field is presented. It is assumed that the system of interest has an energy gap separating occupied and unoccupied orbitals and a zero Chern number. In contrast to earlier studies, we do not utilize a perturbation expansion, although we do assume the field is sufficiently weak that the occurrence of Landau levels can be ignored. The theory is developed by analyzing results for large, finite systems and also by comparing with the analogous treatment of an electrostatic field. The resulting many-electron Hamilton operator is forced to be hermitian, but hermiticity is not preserved, in general, for the subsequently derived single-particle operators that determine the electronic orbitals. However, we demonstrate that when focusing on the canonical solutions to the single-particle equations, hermiticity is preserved. The issue of gauge-origin dependence of approximate solutions is addressed. Our approach is compared with several previously proposed treatments, whereby limitations in some of the latter are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Springborg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Molayem
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernard Kirtman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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12
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Chiappe G, Louis E, Vergés JA. Size-scaling behaviour of the electronic polarizability of one-dimensional interacting systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:175603. [PMID: 29560931 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab85d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic polarizability of finite chains is accurately calculated from the total energy variation of the system produced by small but finite static electric fields applied along the chain direction. Normalized polarizability, that is, polarizability divided by chain length, diverges as the second power of length for metallic systems but approaches a constant value for insulating systems. This behaviour provides a very convenient way to characterize the wave-function malleability of finite systems as it avoids the need of attaching infinite contacts to the chain ends. Hubbard model calculations at half filling show that the method works for a small U = 1 interaction value that corresponds to a really small spectral gap of 0.005 (hopping t = -1 is assumed). Once successfully checked, the method has been applied to the long-range hopping model of Gebhard and Ruckenstein showing 1/r hopping decay (Gebhard and Ruckenstein 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 244; Gebhard et al 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 10926). Metallicity for U values below the reported metal-insulator transition is obtained but the surprise comes for U values larger than the critical one (when a gap appears in the spectral density of states) because a steady increase of the normalized polarizability with size is obtained. This critical size-scaling behaviour can be understood as corresponding to a molecule which polarizability is unbounded. We have checked that a real transfer of charge from one chain end to the opposite occurs as a response to very small electric fields in spite of the existence of a large gap of the order of U for one-particle excitations. Finally, ab initio quantum chemistry calculations of realistic poly-acetylene chains prove that the occurrence of such critical behaviour in real systems is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiappe
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Unidad Asociada del CSIC and Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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13
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Yoda T, Yokoyama T, Murakami S. Orbital Edelstein Effect as a Condensed-Matter Analog of Solenoids. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:916-920. [PMID: 29373028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study current-induced orbital magnetization in a chiral crystal. This phenomenon is an orbital version of the Edelstein effect. We propose an analogy between the current-induced orbital magnetization and an Ampère field in a solenoid in classical electrodynamics. To quantify this effect, we define a dimensionless parameter from the response coefficients relating a current density with an orbital magnetization. This dimensionless parameter can be regarded as a number of turns within a unit cell when the crystal is regarded as a solenoid, and it represents how "chiral" the crystal is. By focusing on the dimensionless parameter, one can design a band structure that realizes the induction of large orbital magnetization. In particular, a Weyl semimetal with all of the Weyl nodes close to the Fermi energy can have a large value for this dimensionless parameter, which can exceed that of a classical solenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yoda
- Department of Physics and ‡TIES, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Yokoyama
- Department of Physics and ‡TIES, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shuichi Murakami
- Department of Physics and ‡TIES, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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14
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Sprik M. Finite Maxwell field and electric displacement Hamiltonians derived from a current dependent Lagrangian. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1431406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sprik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom
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15
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Grisafi A, Wilkins DM, Csányi G, Ceriotti M. Symmetry-Adapted Machine Learning for Tensorial Properties of Atomistic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:036002. [PMID: 29400528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Statistical learning methods show great promise in providing an accurate prediction of materials and molecular properties, while minimizing the need for computationally demanding electronic structure calculations. The accuracy and transferability of these models are increased significantly by encoding into the learning procedure the fundamental symmetries of rotational and permutational invariance of scalar properties. However, the prediction of tensorial properties requires that the model respects the appropriate geometric transformations, rather than invariance, when the reference frame is rotated. We introduce a formalism that extends existing schemes and makes it possible to perform machine learning of tensorial properties of arbitrary rank, and for general molecular geometries. To demonstrate it, we derive a tensor kernel adapted to rotational symmetry, which is the natural generalization of the smooth overlap of atomic positions kernel commonly used for the prediction of scalar properties at the atomic scale. The performance and generality of the approach is demonstrated by learning the instantaneous response to an external electric field of water oligomers of increasing complexity, from the isolated molecule to the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grisafi
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David M Wilkins
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB21PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Rangel T, Fregoso BM, Mendoza BS, Morimoto T, Moore JE, Neaton JB. Large Bulk Photovoltaic Effect and Spontaneous Polarization of Single-Layer Monochalcogenides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067402. [PMID: 28949640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We use a first-principles density functional theory approach to calculate the shift current and linear absorption of uniformly illuminated single-layer Ge and Sn monochalcogenides. We predict strong absorption in the visible spectrum and a large effective three-dimensional shift current (∼100 μA/V^{2}), larger than has been previously observed in other polar systems. Moreover, we show that the integral of the shift-current tensor is correlated to the large spontaneous effective three-dimensional electric polarization (∼1.9 C/m^{2}). Our calculations indicate that the shift current will be largest in the visible spectrum, suggesting that these monochalcogenides may be promising for polar optoelectronic devices. A Rice-Mele tight-binding model is used to rationalize the shift-current response for these systems, and its dependence on polarization, in general terms with implications for other polar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Rangel
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin M Fregoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | | | - Takahiro Morimoto
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joel E Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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17
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Zheng Y, Chen WJ. Characteristics and controllability of vortices in ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:086501. [PMID: 28155849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5e03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Topological defects in condensed matter are attracting e significant attention due to their important role in phase transition and their fascinating characteristics. Among the various types of matter, ferroics which possess a switchable physical characteristic and form domain structure are ideal systems to form topological defects. In particular, a special class of topological defects-vortices-have been found to commonly exist in ferroics. They often manifest themselves as singular regions where domains merge in large systems, or stabilize as novel order states instead of forming domain structures in small enough systems. Understanding the characteristics and controllability of vortices in ferroics can provide us with deeper insight into the phase transition of condensed matter and also exciting opportunities in designing novel functional devices such as nano-memories, sensors, and transducers based on topological defects. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental and theoretical progress in ferroic vortices, with emphasis on those spin/dipole vortices formed in nanoscale ferromagnetics and ferroelectrics, and those structural domain vortices formed in multiferroic hexagonal manganites. We begin with an overview of this field. The fundamental concepts of ferroic vortices, followed by the theoretical simulation and experimental methods to explore ferroic vortices, are then introduced. The various characteristics of vortices (e.g. formation mechanisms, static/dynamic features, and electronic properties) and their controllability (e.g. by size, geometry, external thermal, electrical, magnetic, or mechanical fields) in ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics are discussed in detail in individual sections. Finally, we conclude this review with an outlook on this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Raeliarijaona A, Fu H. Persistence of strong and switchable ferroelectricity despite vacancies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41301. [PMID: 28120941 PMCID: PMC5264607 DOI: 10.1038/srep41301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacancies play a pivotal role in affecting ferroelectric polarization and switching properties, and there is a possibility that ferroelectricity may be utterly eliminated when defects render the system metallic. However, sufficient quantitative understandings of the subject have been lacking for decades due to the fact that vacancies in ferroelectrics are often charged and polarization in charged systems is not translationally invariant. Here we perform first-principles studies to investigate the influence of vacancies on ferroelectric polarization and polarization switching in prototypical BaTiO3 of tetragonal symmetry. We demonstrate using the modern theory of polarization that, in contrast to common wisdom, defective BaTiO3 with a large concentration of vacancies (or , or ) possesses a strong nonzero electric polarization. Breaking of Ti-O bonds is found to have little effect on the magnitude of polarization, which is striking. Furthermore, a previously unrecognized microscopic mechanism, which is particularly important when vacancies are present, is proposed for polarization switching. The mechanism immediately reveals that (i) the switching barrier in the presence of is small with ΔE = 8.3 meV per bulk formula cell, and the polarization is thus switchable even when vacancies exist; (ii) The local environment of vacancy is surprisingly insignificant in polarization switching. These results provide profound new knowledge and will stimulate more theoretical and experimental interest on defect physics in FEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Raeliarijaona
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Huaxiang Fu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Markel VA. Maxwell Garnett approximation (advanced topics): tutorial. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:2237-2255. [PMID: 27857445 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.002237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the second part of this tutorial, we consider several advanced topics related to the Maxwell Garnett approximation.
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Scherrer A, Vuilleumier R, Sebastiani D. Vibrational circular dichroism from ab initio molecular dynamics and nuclear velocity perturbation theory in the liquid phase. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:084101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Vlašín O, Jarrier R, Arras R, Calmels L, Warot-Fonrose B, Marcelot C, Jamet M, Ohresser P, Scheurer F, Hertel R, Herranz G, Cherifi-Hertel S. Interface Magnetoelectric Coupling in Co/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7553-7563. [PMID: 26939641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling at multiferroic interfaces is a promising route toward the nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization. Here, we use optical measurements to study the static and dynamic variations of the interface magnetization induced by an electric field in Co/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (Co/PZT) bilayers at room temperature. The measurements allow us to identify different coupling mechanisms. We further investigate the local electronic and magnetic structure of the interface by means of transmission electron microscopy, soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and density functional theory to corroborate the coupling mechanism. The measurements demonstrate a mixed linear and quadratic optical response to the electric field, which results from a magneto-electro-optical effect. We propose a decomposition method of the optical signal to discriminate between different components involved in the electric field-induced polarization rotation of the reflected light. This allows us to extract a signal that we can ascribe to interface magnetoelectric coupling. The associated surface magnetization exhibits a clear hysteretic variation of odd symmetry with respect to the electric field and nonzero remanence. The interface coupling is remarkably stable over a wide frequency range (1-50 kHz), and the application of a bias magnetic field is not necessary for the coupling to occur. These results show the potential of exploiting interface coupling with the prospect of optimizing the performance of magnetoelectric memory devices in terms of stability, as well as fast and dissipationless operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vlašín
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS, and Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, F-67300 Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Jarrier
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS, and Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, F-67300 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémi Arras
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Calmels
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cécile Marcelot
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Jamet
- SP2M, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC, and CEA , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91192, France
| | - Fabrice Scheurer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS, and Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, F-67300 Strasbourg, France
| | - Riccardo Hertel
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS, and Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, F-67300 Strasbourg, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gervasi Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC , Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salia Cherifi-Hertel
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS, and Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, F-67300 Strasbourg, France
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Scherrer A, Agostini F, Sebastiani D, Gross EKU, Vuilleumier R. Nuclear velocity perturbation theory for vibrational circular dichroism: An approach based on the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:074106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4928578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Scherrer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- UMR 8640 ENS-CNRS-UPMC, Département de Chimie, 24 rue Lhomond, École Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Federica Agostini
- Max-Planck-Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - E. K. U. Gross
- Max-Planck-Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- UMR 8640 ENS-CNRS-UPMC, Département de Chimie, 24 rue Lhomond, École Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Yoda T, Yokoyama T, Murakami S. Current-induced Orbital and Spin Magnetizations in Crystals with Helical Structure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12024. [PMID: 26156643 PMCID: PMC4496783 DOI: 10.1038/srep12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically show that in a crystal with a helical lattice structure, orbital and spin magnetizations along a helical axis are induced by an electric current along the helical axis. We propose a simple tight-binding model for calculations, and the results can be generalized to any helical crystals. The induced magnetizations are opposite for right-handed and left-handed helices. The current-induced spin magnetization along the helical axis comes from a radial spin texture on the Fermi surface. This is in sharp contrast to Rashba systems where the induced spin magnetization is perpendicular to the applied current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yoda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shuichi Murakami
- 1] Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan [2] TIES, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Freimuth F, Blügel S, Mokrousov Y. Berry phase theory of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torques. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:104202. [PMID: 24552898 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/10/104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on current-induced domain-wall motion in chiral domain walls reveal important contributions both from spin-orbit torques (SOTs) and from the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). We derive a Berry phase expression for the DMI and show that within this Berry phase theory DMI and SOTs are intimately related, in a way formally analogous to the relation between orbital magnetization (OM) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). We introduce the concept of the twist torque moment, which probes the internal twist of wavepackets in chiral magnets in a similar way as the orbital moment probes the wavepacket's internal self-rotation. We propose to interpret the Berry phase theory of DMI as a theory of spiralization in analogy to the modern theory of OM. We show that the twist torque moment and the spiralization together give rise to a Berry phase governing the response of the SOT to thermal gradients, in analogy to the intrinsic anomalous Nernst effect. The Berry phase theory of DMI is computationally very efficient because it only needs the electronic structure of the collinear magnetic system as input. As an application of the formalism we compute the DMI in Co/Pt(111), O/Co/Pt(111) and Al/Co/Pt(111) magnetic bi- and trilayers and show that the DMI is highly anisotropic in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freimuth
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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25
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Bechstedt F, Belabbes A. Structure, energetics, and electronic states of III-V compound polytypes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:273201. [PMID: 23778868 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/27/273201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently several hexagonal polytypes such as 2H, 4H, and 6H have been discovered for conventional III-V semiconductor compounds in addition to the cubic 3C zinc-blende polytype by investigating nanorods grown in the [111] direction in different temperature regimes. Also III-mononitrides crystallizing in the hexagonal 2H wurtzite structure under ambient conditions can be deposited in zinc-blende geometry using various growth techniques. The polytypic crystal structures influence the local electronic properties and the internal electric fields due to the spontaneous polarization in non-cubic crystals.In this paper we give a comprehensive review on the thermodynamic, structural, and electronic properties of twelve Al, Ga, and In antimonides, arsenides, phosphides, and nitrides as derived from ab initio calculations. Their lattice parameters, energetic stability, and characteristic band structure energies are carefully discussed and related to the atomic geometries of the polytypes. Chemical trends are investigated. Band offsets between polytypes and their consequences for heterocrystalline structures are derived. The described properties are discussed in the light of available experimental data and previous computations. Despite several contradictory results in the literature, a unified picture of the III-V polytypes and their heterocrystalline structures is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Bechstedt
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie und -optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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26
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Bianco R, Resta R. Orbital magnetization as a local property. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:087202. [PMID: 23473193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.087202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The modern expressions for polarization P and orbital magnetization M are k-space integrals. But a genuine bulk property should also be expressible in r space, as an unambiguous function of the ground-state density matrix, "nearsighted" in insulators, independently of the boundary conditions--either periodic or open. While P--owing to its "quantum" indeterminacy--is not a bulk property in this sense, M is. We provide its r-space expression for any insulator, even with a nonzero Chern invariant. Simulations on a model Hamiltonian validate our theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Bianco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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27
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28
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Resta R. Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relationship in linear magnetoelectrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:047202. [PMID: 21405355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In a linear magnetoelectric the lattice is coupled to electric and magnetic fields; both affect the longitudinal-transverse splitting of zone-center optical phonons on equal footing. A response matrix relates the macroscopic fields (D, B) to (E, H) at infrared frequencies. It is shown that the response matrices at frequencies 0 and ∞ fulfill a generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relationship. The right-hand side member of such relationship is expressed in terms of weighted averages over the longitudinal and transverse excitations of the medium, and assumes a simple form for a harmonic crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Resta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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29
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Resta R. Towards a bulk theory of flexoelectricity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:127601. [PMID: 20867673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexoelectricity is the linear response of polarization to a strain gradient. Here we address the simplest class of dielectrics, namely, elemental cubic crystals, and we prove that therein there is no extrinsic (i.e., surface) contribution to flexoelectricity in the thermodynamic limit. The flexoelectric tensor is expressed as a bulk response of the solid, manifestly independent of surface configurations. Furthermore, we prove that the flexoelectric responses induced by a long-wavelength phonon and by a uniform strain gradient are identical.
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