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Hu S, Hu KJ, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Shah SA, Lu S, Zhu W, Tang S, Song F. In situ heating characterization of structural evolution and size-dependent melting point depression in gold nanoclusters: a comprehensive thermodynamic investigation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:18399-18409. [PMID: 39235291 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of nanocluster behaviors at elevated temperatures is important because it encompasses temperature-dependent structural evolution and size-dependent melting points. Size-selected Au2057±52, Au923±24, Au1846±48, and Au2769±72 clusters were generated using a gas-phase condensation cluster beam source equipped with a lateral time-of-flight mass selector. Comprehensive in situ heating characterization was conducted, revealing the structural evolution and size-dependent melting point depression of AuN clusters at atomic resolution via aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM). Using quantitative (Q)STEM simulations, a comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the structural characteristics of the Au clusters. These clusters tended to be kinetically trapped in metastable structures during nucleation, which subsequently served as "growth templates" for the formation of many metastable Au clusters. In situ heating experiments performed on Au2057±52 revealed a structural evolution trend from icosahedron (Ih) to decahedron (Dh) and finally to face-centered cubic (FCC) structures, with noticeable competition being observed between the Dh and FCC structures. AC-STEM imaging revealed that the melting of the Au clusters began with the formation of molten liquid shells on the surface. The liquid shells thickened at higher temperatures, and the solid core suddenly melted when its diameter decreased to a critical size. Furthermore, the melting points of the Au clusters were linearly dependent on the reciprocal diameter. Compared with the theoretical models, it was found that the liquid nucleation and growth model is in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating its suitability for describing the surface core melting processes of Au clusters at the studied scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Kuo-Juei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Zixiang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Syed Adil Shah
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Wuwen Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Sichen Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing Suzhou Campus, Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 215163, China
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2
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Sun G, Sautet P. Active Site Fluxional Restructuring as a New Paradigm in Triggering Reaction Activity for Nanocluster Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3841-3849. [PMID: 34582175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of the catalytic activity observed in experiments is a crucial task in fundamental catalysis studies. Efficient catalyst design relies on an accurate understanding of the origin of the activity at the atomic level. Theoretical studies have been widely developed to reach such a fundamental atomic scale understanding of catalytic activity. Current theories ascribe the catalytic activity to the geometric and electronic structure of the active site, in which the geometrical and electronic structure effects are derived from the equilibrium geometry of active sites characterizing the static property of the catalyst; however catalysts, especially in the form of nanoclusters, may present fluxional and dynamic structure under reaction conditions, and the effect of this fluxional behavior is not yet widely recognized. Therefore, this Account will focus on the fluxionality of the active sites, which is driven by thermal fluctuations under finite temperature.Under reaction conditions, nanocluster catalysts can readily restructure, either being promoted to another metastable isomer (named as plastic fluxionality) or presenting ample deformations around their equilibrium geometry (named as elastic fluxionality). This Account summarizes our recent studies on the fluxionality of the nanoclusters and how plastic and elastic fluxionalities play roles in highly efficient reaction pathways. Our results show that the low energy metastable isomers formed by plastic fluxionality can manifest high reactivity despite their minor occurrence probability in the mixture of catalyst isomers. In the end, the highly active metastable isomer may dominate the total observed reactivity. In addition, the isomerization between the global minimum structure and the highly active metastable isomer can be a central step in catalytic transformations in order to circumvent some difficult reaction steps and may govern the overall mechanism. In addition, the thermal fluctuation driven elastic fluxionality is also found to play a key role, complementary to plastic fluxionality. The elastic fluxionality creates substantial structural deformations of the active site, and these deformed geometries enable low activation energies and high catalytic activity, which cannot be found from the static equilibrium geometry of the catalyst. A dedicated global activity search algorithm is proposed to search for the optimal reaction pathway on fluxional nanoclusters. In summary, our studies demonstrate that thermal-driven fluxionality provides a different paradigm for understanding the high activity of nanoclusters under reaction conditions beyond the static description of geometric and electronic structure. We first summarize our previous results and then provide a perspective for further studies on how to investigate and take the advantage of the fluxional geometry of nanoclusters. We will defend in this Account that the static picture for the active site is not complete and might miss critical reaction pathways that are highly efficient and only open after thermally induced restructuring of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Gu C, Shi Y, Zheng W, Singh DJ. Interior Melting of Rapidly Heated Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8170-8177. [PMID: 34415170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Normal melting invariably starts from surfaces or interfaces due to the weaker bonding constraints in these regions. However, we show that melting can be initiated from the interior of gold nanoparticles with high heating rates. We find that melting starts from the surface with the formation of a premelting layer, as usual, but that the premelting layer does not extend to the interior under certain conditions. Instead, liquid nucleation occurs in the core of the nanoparticle. This unexpected interior melting is connected to the slower melting kinetics, which is related to heat transfer near the premelted surface. The required conditions for interior melting are a suitable size of the nanoparticle and a sufficiently fast heating rate. The present results point to a novel melting regime in nanoparticles. We note that the time scales are now accessible using ultrafast tools such as X-ray lasers that can probe dynamical structure changes, suggesting opportunities for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Laboratory of Microfabrication, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - David J Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, United States
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4
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Jiang J, Chen P, Qiu J, Sun W, Chizhik SA, Makhaniok AA, Melnikova GB, Kuznetsova TA. The effect of heating rate on the sintering of aluminum nanospheres. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11684-11697. [PMID: 33977929 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the influence of five different heating rates on the sintering of aluminum nanoparticles with a diameter of 4-10 nm, mainly by exploring the atomic migration, radial distribution function (RDF), atomic average displacement, mean square displacement (MSD), radius ratio (i.e., the ratio of the neck radius to the particle radius), shrinkage rate, radius of gyration, sintering temperature and melting point. It is found that the displacement of surface atoms is always larger than the displacement of the internal atoms at the same heating rate during the sintering process. Radius ratio and shrinkage go through three stages as the temperature increases: (1) an abrupt increase after reaching the sintering temperature; (2) an almost plateau region within a wide temperature range; (3) finally a drastic increase again after reaching the melting point. Although the radius of gyration also goes through three stages, nonetheless the trend is opposite to radius ratio and shrinkage. For aluminum nanoparticles with the same diameter, at a lower heating rate, the atomic displacement, mean square displacement, radius ratio, shrinkage, and radius of gyration change more remarkably with increasing temperature. The lower heating rate and smaller nanoparticle diameter correspond to a lower sintering temperature and melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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5
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Mahmud G, Zhang H, Douglas JF. Localization model description of the interfacial dynamics of crystalline Cu and [Formula: see text] metallic glass nanoparticles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:33. [PMID: 33728521 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many of the special properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials broadly derive from the significant fraction of particles (atoms, molecules or segments of polymeric molecules) in the NP interfacial region in which the interparticle interactions are characteristically highly anharmonic in comparison to the bulk material. This leads to relatively large mean square particle displacements relative to the material interior, often resulting in a strong increase interfacial mobility and reactivity in both crystalline and glass NPs. The 'Debye-Waller factor', or the mean square particle displacement [Formula: see text] on a ps 'caging' timescale relative to the square of the average interparticle distance [Formula: see text], provides an often experimentally accessible measure of the strength of this anharmonic interaction. The Localization Model (LM) of the dynamics of condensed materials relates this thermodynamic property to the structural relaxation time [Formula: see text], determined from the intermediate scattering function, without any free parameters. Moreover, the LM allows for the prediction of the diffusion coefficient D when combined with the 'decoupling' or Fractional Stokes-Einstein relation linking [Formula: see text] to D. In the current study, we employed classical molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the structural relaxation and diffusion of model [Formula: see text] metallic glass and Cu crystalline NPs with different sizes. As with previous studies validating the LM on model bulk and crystalline materials, and for the interfacial dynamics of thin crystalline and metallic glass films, we find the LM model also describes the interfacial dynamics of model crystalline metal (Cu) and metallic glass ([Formula: see text] NPs to a good approximation, further confirming the generality of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Mahmud
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Maryland, 20899, USA.
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6
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Yang X, Wan W, Wu L, Smaluk V, Shaftan T, Zhu Y. Toward monochromated sub-nanometer UEM and femtosecond UED. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16171. [PMID: 32999357 PMCID: PMC7527342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary design of a mega-electron-volt (MeV) monochromator with 10−5 energy spread for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) is presented. Such a narrow energy spread is advantageous in both the single shot mode, where the momentum resolution in diffraction is improved, and the accumulation mode, where shot-to-shot energy jitter is reduced. In the single-shot mode, we numerically optimized the monochromator efficiency up to 13% achieving 1.3 million electrons per pulse. In the accumulation mode, to mitigate the efficiency degradation caused by the shot-to-shot energy jitter, an optimized gun phase yields only a mild reduction of the single-shot efficiency, therefore the number of accumulated electrons nearly proportional to the repetition rate. Inspired by the recent work of Qi et al. (Phys Rev Lett 124:134803, 2020), a novel concept of applying reverse bending magnets to adjust the energy-dependent path length difference has been successfully realized in designing a MeV monochromator to achieve the minimum energy-dependent path length difference between cathode and sample. Thanks to the achromat design, the pulse length of the electron bunches and the energy-dependent timing jitter can be greatly reduced to the 10 fs level. The introduction of such a monochromator provides a major step forward, towards constructing a UEM with sub-nm resolution and a UED with ten-femtosecond temporal resolution. The one-to-one mapping between the electron beam parameter and the diffraction peak broadening enables a real-time nondestructive diagnosis of the beam energy spread and divergence. The tunable electric–magnetic monochromator allows the scanning of the electron beam energy with a 10−5 precision, enabling online energy matching for the UEM, on-momentum flux maximizing for the UED and real-time energy measuring for energy-loss spectroscopy. A combination of the monochromator and a downstream chicane enables “two-color” double pulses with femtosecond duration and the tunable delay in the range of 10 to 160 fs, which can potentially provide an unprecedented femtosecond time resolution for time resolved UED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Weishi Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Victor Smaluk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Timur Shaftan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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7
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Foster DM, Pavloudis T, Kioseoglou J, Palmer RE. Atomic-resolution imaging of surface and core melting in individual size-selected Au nanoclusters on carbon. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2583. [PMID: 31197150 PMCID: PMC6565695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the changes in melting behaviour on the nanoscale have long attracted the interest of researchers, the mechanism by which nanoparticles melt remains an open problem. We report the direct observation, at atomic resolution, of surface melting in individual size-selected Au clusters (2-5 nm diameter) supported on carbon films, using an in situ heating stage in the aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. At elevated temperatures the Au nanoparticles are found to form a solid core-liquid shell structure. The cluster surface melting temperatures, show evidence of size-dependent melting point suppression. The cluster core melting temperatures are significantly greater than predicted by existing models of free clusters. To explore the effect of the interaction between the clusters and the carbon substrate, we employ a very large-scale ab initio simulation approach to investigate the influence of the support. Theoretical results for surface and core melting points are in good agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Foster
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Th Pavloudis
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - J Kioseoglou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
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8
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Magnozzi M, Ferrera M, Mattera L, Canepa M, Bisio F. Plasmonics of Au nanoparticles in a hot thermodynamic bath. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1140-1146. [PMID: 30574968 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically-heated metal nanoparticles can be exploited as efficient heat sources at the nanoscale. The assessment of their temperature is, however, often performed indirectly by modelling their temperature-dependent dielectric response. Direct measurements of the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles in equilibrium with a thermodynamic bath provide a calibration of their thermo-optical response, to be exploited for refining current thermoplasmonic models or whenever direct temperature assessments are practically unfeasible. We investigated the plasmonic response of supported Au nanoparticles in a thermodynamic bath from room temperature to 350 °C. A model explicitly including the temperature-dependent dielectric function of the metal and finite-size corrections to the nanoparticles' permittivity correctly reproduced experimental data for temperatures up to 75 °C. The model accuracy gradually faded for higher temperatures. Introducing a temperature-dependent correction that effectively mimics a surface-scattering-like source of damping in the permittivity of the nanoparticles restored good agreement with the data. A finite-size thermodynamic effect such as surface premelting may be invoked to explain this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Magnozzi
- OptMatLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
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9
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Souda R. Probing the solid-liquid transition of thin propanol and butanol films through interactions with LiI. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Quantitative Evaluation of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser-Induced Photomodification of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15704. [PMID: 29146935 PMCID: PMC5691067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of gold nanoparticle applications in laser therapeutics and diagnostics has brought about the need for establishing innovative standardized test methods for evaluation of safety and performance of these technologies and related medical products. Furthermore, given the incomplete and inconsistent data on nanoparticle photomodification thresholds provided in the literature, further elucidation of processes that impact the safety and effectiveness of laser-nanoparticle combination products is warranted. Therefore, we present a proof-of-concept study on an analytical experimental test methodology including three approaches (transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrophotometry) for experimental evaluation of damage thresholds in nanosecond pulsed laser-irradiated gold nanospheres, and compared our results with a theoretical model and prior studies. This thorough evaluation of damage threshold was performed based on irradiation with a 532 nm nanosecond-pulsed laser over a range of nanoparticle diameters from 20 to 100 nm. Experimentally determined damage thresholds were compared to a theoretical heat transfer model of pulsed laser-irradiated nanoparticles and found to be in reasonably good agreement, although some significant discrepancies with prior experimental studies were found. This study and resultant dataset represent an important foundation for developing a standardized test methodology for determination of laser-induced nanoparticle damage thresholds.
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11
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Kirschner MS, Hannah DC, Diroll BT, Zhang X, Wagner MJ, Hayes D, Chang AY, Rowland CE, Lethiec CM, Schatz GC, Chen LX, Schaller RD. Transient Melting and Recrystallization of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Under Multiple Electron-Hole Pair Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5314-5320. [PMID: 28753318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical pump, X-ray diffraction probe experiments were performed on CdSe nanocrystal (NC) colloidal dispersions as functions of particle size, polytype, and pump fluence. Bragg peak shifts related to heating and peak amplitude reduction associated with lattice disordering are observed. For smaller NCs, melting initiates upon absorption of as few as ∼15 electron-hole pair excitations per NC on average (0.89 excitations/nm3 for a 1.5 nm radius) with roughly the same excitation density inducing melting for all examined NCs. Diffraction intensity recovery kinetics, attributable to recrystallization, occur over hundreds of picoseconds with slower recoveries for larger particles. Zincblende and wurtzite NCs revert to initial structures following intense photoexcitation suggesting melting occurs primarily at the surface, as supported by simulations. Electronic structure calculations relate significant band gap narrowing with decreased crystallinity. These findings reflect the need to consider the physical stability of nanomaterials and related electronic impacts in high intensity excitation applications such as lasing and solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel C Hannah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | - Michael J Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Angela Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Clare E Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Clotilde M Lethiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Yang Y, Yan N. Understanding the cooperative atomic motion and shape change of ultrasmall Au nanoparticles below the premelting temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface melting is widely observed in crystalline materials, which has a significant influence on their interfacial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure
- Wuhan University of Technology
- 430070 Wuhan
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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13
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Baidyshev VS, Gafner YY. Formation of structure in small lead clusters under thermal effect. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774516070038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Chen HL, Su CH, Ju SP, Chuang YC, Yang PY, Chen HY, Chen HT. Investigation on the Structural and Thermal Behaviors of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles of Different Sizes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lung Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute
for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department
of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chuang
- Department
of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Yang
- Department
of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tsung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli
District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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15
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Zhou GB, Yang Z, Fu FJ, Hu N, Chen XS, Tao DJ. Melting Mechanism and Structure Evolution of Au Nanofilms Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/28/cjcp1502011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Abstract
There is a fundamental interest in studying photoinduced dynamics in nanoparticles and nanostructures as it provides insight into their mechanical and thermal properties out of equilibrium and during phase transitions. Nanoparticles can display significantly different properties from the bulk, which is due to the interplay between their size, morphology, crystallinity, defect concentration, and surface properties. Particularly interesting scenarios arise when nanoparticles undergo phase transitions, such as melting induced by an optical laser. Current theoretical evidence suggests that nanoparticles can undergo reversible nonhomogenous melting with the formation of a core-shell structure consisting of a liquid outer layer. To date, studies from ensembles of nanoparticles have tentatively suggested that such mechanisms are present. Here we demonstrate imaging transient melting and softening of the acoustic phonon modes of an individual gold nanocrystal, using an X-ray free electron laser. The results demonstrate that the transient melting is reversible and nonhomogenous, consistent with a core-shell model of melting. The results have implications for understanding transient processes in nanoparticles and determining their elastic properties as they undergo phase transitions.
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17
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Delogu F. Unsaturated coordination and surface stresses in metal nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Polyakov B, Vlassov S, Dorogin LM, Butikova J, Antsov M, Oras S, Lõhmus R, Kink I. Manipulation of nanoparticles of different shapes inside a scanning electron microscope. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:133-140. [PMID: 24605279 PMCID: PMC3943919 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work polyhedron-like gold and sphere-like silver nanoparticles (NPs) were manipulated on an oxidized Si substrate to study the dependence of the static friction and the contact area on the particle geometry. Measurements were performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that was equipped with a high-precision XYZ-nanomanipulator. To register the occurring forces a quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a glued sharp probe was used. Contact areas and static friction forces were calculated by using different models and compared with the experimentally measured force. The effect of NP morphology on the nanoscale friction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leonid M Dorogin
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jelena Butikova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mikk Antsov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sven Oras
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rünno Lõhmus
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Kink
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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Huang R, Wen YH, Shao GF, Zhu ZZ, Sun SG. Single-crystalline and multiple-twinned gold nanoparticles: an atomistic perspective on structural and thermal stabilities. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46631k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Lin J, He W, Vilayurganapathy S, Peppernick SJ, Wang B, Palepu S, Remec M, Hess WP, Hmelo AB, Pantelides ST, Dickerson JH. Growth of Solid and Hollow Gold Particles through the Thermal Annealing of Nanoscale Patterned Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11590-11596. [PMID: 24144267 DOI: 10.1021/am402633u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Through thermally annealing well-arrayed, circular, nanoscale thin films of gold, deposited onto [111] silicon/silicon dioxide substrates, both solid and hollow gold particles of different morphologies with controllable sizes were obtained. The circular thin films formed individual particles or clusters of particles by tuning their diameter. Hollow gold particles were characterized by their diameter, typically larger than 400 nm; these dimensions and properties were confirmed by cross-section scanning electron microscopy. Hollow gold particles also exhibited plasmonic field enhancement under photoemission electron microscopy. Potential growth mechanisms for these structures were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1807, United States
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Similarities of the Collective Interfacial Dynamics of Grain Boundaries and Nanoparticles to Glass-Forming Liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118540350.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Gallington LC, Bongiorno A. Thermodynamic stability limits of simple monoatomic materials. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:174707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3427247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Opletal G, Feigl C, Grochola G, Snook I, Russo S. Elucidation of surface driven crystallization of icosahedral clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ruan CY, Murooka Y, Raman RK, Murdick RA, Worhatch RJ, Pell A. The development and applications of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2009; 15:323-37. [PMID: 19575833 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609090709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We review the development of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography as a method for investigating structural dynamics for nanoscale materials and interfaces. Its sensitivity and resolution are demonstrated in the studies of surface melting of gold nanocrystals, nonequilibrium transformation of graphite into reversible diamond-like intermediates, and molecular scale charge dynamics, showing a versatility for not only determining the structures, but also the charge and energy redistribution at interfaces. A quantitative scheme for 3D retrieval of atomic structures is demonstrated with few-particle (<1,000) sensitivity, establishing this nanocrystallographic method as a tool for directly visualizing dynamics within isolated nanomaterials with atomic scale spatio-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Ruan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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