1
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Lopes RC, Rocha BG, Maçôas EM, Marques EF, Martinho JM. Combining metal nanoclusters and carbon nanomaterials: Opportunities and challenges in advanced nanohybrids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102667. [PMID: 35462268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional materials with uniquely advanced properties lies at the core of nanoscience and nanotechnology. From the myriad possible combinations of organic and/or inorganic blocks, hybrids combining metal nanoclusters and carbon nanomaterials have emerged as highly attractive colloidal materials for imaging, sensing (optical and electrochemical) and catalysis, among other applications. While the metal nanoclusters provide extraordinary luminescent and electronic properties, the carbon nanomaterials (of zero, one or two dimensions) convey versatility, as well as unique interfacial, electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties, which altogether can be put to use for the desired application. Herein, we present an overview of the field, for experts and non-experts, encompassing the basic properties of the building blocks, a systematic view of the chemical preparation routes and physicochemical properties of the hybrids, and a critical analysis of their ongoing and emerging applications. Challenges and opportunities, including directions towards green chemistry approaches, are also discussed.
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2
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Behi S, Casanova-Chafer J, González E, Bohli N, Llobet E, Abdelghani A. Metal loaded nano-carbon gas sensor array for pollutant detection . NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:195501. [PMID: 35073524 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many research works report a sensitive detection of a wide variety of gas species. However, their in-lab detection is usually performed by using single gases and, therefore, selectivity often remains an unsolved issue. This paper reports a four-sensor array employing different nano-carbon sensitive layers (bare graphene, SnO2@Graphene, WO3@Graphene, and Au@CNTs). The different gas-sensitive films were characterised via several techniques such as FESEM, TEM, and Raman. First, an extensive study was performed to detect isolated NO2, CO2, and NH3molecules, unravelling the sensing mechanism at the operating temperatures applied. Besides, the effect of the ambient moisture was also evaluated. Afterwards, a model for target gas identification and concentration prediction was developed. Indeed, the sensor array was used in mixtures of NO2and CO2for studying the cross-sensitivity and developing a calibration model. As a result, the NO2detection with different background levels of CO2was achieved with anR2of 0.987 and an RMSE of about 22 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Behi
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoressources UR17ES22, Bp 676, 1080 Charguia CEDEX, Tunisia
| | - Juan Casanova-Chafer
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MINOS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ernesto González
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MINOS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nadra Bohli
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoressources UR17ES22, Bp 676, 1080 Charguia CEDEX, Tunisia
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MINOS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adnane Abdelghani
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoressources UR17ES22, Bp 676, 1080 Charguia CEDEX, Tunisia
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3
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Panes-Ruiz LA, Riemenschneider L, Al Chawa MM, Löffler M, Rellinghaus B, Tetzlaff R, Bezugly V, Ibarlucea B, Cuniberti G. Selective and self-validating breath-level detection of hydrogen sulfide in humid air by gold nanoparticle-functionalized nanotube arrays. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:2512-2521. [PMID: 34493951 PMCID: PMC8412394 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We demonstrate the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide at breath concentration levels under humid airflow, using a self-validating 64-channel sensor array based on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs). The reproducible sensor fabrication process is based on a multiplexed and controlled dielectrophoretic deposition of sc-SWCNTs. The sensing area is functionalized with gold nanoparticles to address the detection at room temperature by exploiting the affinity between gold and sulfur atoms of the gas. Sensing devices functionalized with an optimized distribution of nanoparticles show a sensitivity of 0.122%/part per billion (ppb) and a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 3 ppb. Beyond the self-validation, our sensors show increased stability and higher response levels compared to some commercially available electrochemical sensors. The cross-sensitivity to breath gases NH3 and NO is addressed demonstrating the high selectivity to H2S. Finally, mathematical models of sensors' electrical characteristics and sensing responses are developed to enhance the differentiation capabilities of the platform to be used in breath analysis applications. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (details on the dielectrophoretic deposition, AuNP functionalization optimization, full range of experimental and model H2S sensing response up to 820 ppb, and sensing response to NO gas) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3771-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Panes-Ruiz
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Leif Riemenschneider
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Mohamad Moner Al Chawa
- Institute of Circuits and Systems, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Ronald Tetzlaff
- Institute of Circuits and Systems, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Viktor Bezugly
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
- Life Science Incubator Sachsen GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, 01307 Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
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Rahmati S, Doherty W, Amani Babadi A, Akmal Che Mansor MS, Julkapli NM, Hessel V, Ostrikov K(K. Gold-Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060719. [PMID: 34205255 PMCID: PMC8234806 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Rahmati
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (N.M.J.)
| | - William Doherty
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (N.M.J.)
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane 4000, Australia
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5
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Thiol-Amine Functionalized Decorated Carbon Nanotubes for Biomarker Gases Detection. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of gas molecules are expelled in exhaled breath, and some of them can reveal diseases and metabolomic disorders. For that reason, the development of fast, inexpensive, and reliable sensing devices has been attracting growing interest. Here, we present the development of different chemoresistors based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with platinum (MWCNT/Pt) and palladium (MWCNT/Pt) nanoparticles and also functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (Thiol-amine). The nanocomposites developed are a proof-of-concept to detect some biomarker molecules. Specifically, the capability to identify and measure different concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), either aromatic (toluene and benzene) and non-aromatic (ethanol and methanol) was assessed. As a result, this paper reports the significant differences in sensing performance achieved according to the metal nanoparticle used, and the high sensitivity obtained when SAMs are grown on the sensitive film, acting as a receptor for biomarker vapours.
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6
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Sengar M, Kumari P. Gold-carbonaceous materials based heterostructures for gas sensing applications. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and graphene decorated with gold nanoparticles exhibit promising gas sensing applications with enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Deshbandhu College
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110019
- India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Government Degree College Chamba
- India
| | - Manisha Sengar
- Department of Zoology
- Deshbandhu College
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Deshbandhu College
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110019
- India
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7
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Ricciardella F, Vollebregt S, Polichetti T, Sarro PM, Duesberg GS. Low-Humidity Sensing Properties of Multi-Layered Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113174. [PMID: 32503202 PMCID: PMC7313702 DOI: 10.3390/s20113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humidity sensing is fundamental in some applications, as humidity can be a strong interferent in the detection of analytes under environmental conditions. Ideally, materials sensitive or insensitive towards humidity are strongly needed for the sensors used in the first or second case, respectively. We present here the sensing properties of multi-layered graphene (MLG) upon exposure to different levels of relative humidity. We synthesize MLG by chemical vapor deposition, as shown by Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Through an MLG-based resistor, we show that MLG is scarcely sensitive to humidity in the range 30%–70%, determining current variations in the range of 0.005%/%relative humidity (RH) well below the variation induced by other analytes. These findings, due to the morphological properties of MLG, suggest that defective MLG is the ideal sensing material to implement in gas sensors operating both at room temperature and humid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Ricciardella
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CT Delft, The Netherlands; (S.V.); (P.M.S.)
- Institute of Physics, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sten Vollebregt
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CT Delft, The Netherlands; (S.V.); (P.M.S.)
| | | | - Pasqualina M. Sarro
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CT Delft, The Netherlands; (S.V.); (P.M.S.)
| | - Georg S. Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany;
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8
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Gerber IC, Serp P. A Theory/Experience Description of Support Effects in Carbon-Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1250-1349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iann C. Gerber
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPR 8241 CNRS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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9
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Casanova-Cháfer J, Bittencourt C, Llobet E. Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:565-577. [PMID: 30873329 PMCID: PMC6404396 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of chemoresistive sensors employing oxygen-plasma-treated, Au-decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiols. For the first time, the effects of the length of the carbon chain and its hydrophilicity on the gas sensing properties of SAMs formed on carbon nanotubes are studied, and additionally, the gas sensing mechanisms are discussed. Four thiols differing in the length of the carbon chain and in the hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the head functional group are studied. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the resulting gas-sensitive hybrid films. Among the different nanomaterials tested, short-chain thiols having a hydrophilic head group, self-assembled onto Au-decorated carbon nanotubes were most responsive to nitrogen dioxide and ethanol vapors, even in the presence of ambient humidity. In particular, this nanomaterial was about eight times more sensitive to nitrogen dioxide than bare Au-decorated carbon nanotubes when operated at room temperature. This response enhancement is attributed to the interaction, via strong hydrogen bonding, of the polar molecules tested to the polar surface of hydrophilic thiols. The approach discussed here could be extended further by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic thiol SAMs in Au-MWCNT sensor arrays as a helpful strategy for tuning sensor response and selectivity. This would make the detection of polar and nonpolar gas species employing low-power gas sensors easier, even under fluctuating ambient moisture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casanova-Cháfer
- MINOS-EMaS, University Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Université de Mons, Avenue Copernic 1, Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, University Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maggie He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC CNRS-UPR 8241 ENSIACET Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
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12
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Broza YY, Vishinkin R, Barash O, Nakhleh MK, Haick H. Synergy between nanomaterials and volatile organic compounds for non-invasive medical evaluation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4781-4859. [PMID: 29888356 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is an overview of the present and ongoing developments in the field of nanomaterial-based sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics of health conditions with follow-up by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) excreted from one or combination of human body fluids and tissues (e.g., blood, urine, breath, skin). Part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to emerging sensing materials and transduction techniques linked with the VOC-based non-invasive medical evaluations. We also present and discuss diverse characteristics of these innovative sensors, such as their mode of operation, sensitivity, selectivity and response time, as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their ability as hybrid sensors to afford multidimensional sensing and information-based sensing. The other parts of the review give an updated compilation of the past and currently available VOC-based sensors for disease diagnostics. This compilation summarizes all VOCs identified in relation to sickness and sampling origin that links these data with advanced nanomaterial-based sensing technologies. Both strength and pitfalls are discussed and criticized, particularly from the perspective of the information and communication era. Further ideas regarding improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the proposed workflow are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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13
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Schiattarella C, Vollebregt S, Polichetti T, Alfano B, Massera E, Miglietta ML, Di Francia G, Sarro PM. CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1015-1022. [PMID: 28546895 PMCID: PMC5433142 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The sp2 carbon-based allotropes have been extensively exploited for the realization of gas sensors in the recent years because of their high conductivity and large specific surface area. A study on graphene that was synthetized by means of a novel transfer-free fabrication approach and is employed as sensing material is herein presented. Multilayer graphene was deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) mediated by CMOS-compatible Mo. The utilized technique takes advantage of the absence of damage or contamination of the synthesized graphene, because there is no need for the transfer onto a substrate. Moreover, a proper pre-patterning of the Mo catalyst allows one to obtain graphene films with different shapes and dimensions. The sensing properties of the material have been investigated by exposing the devices to NO2, NH3 and CO, which have been selected because they are well-known hazardous substances. The concentration ranges have been chosen according to the conventional monitoring of these gases. The measurements have been carried out in humid N2 environment, setting the flow rate at 500 sccm, the temperature at 25 °C and the relative humidity (RH) at 50%. An increase of the conductance response has been recorded upon exposure towards NO2, whereas a decrease of the signal has been detected towards NH3. The material appears totally insensitive towards CO. Finally, the sensing selectivity has been proven by evaluating and comparing the degree of adsorption and the interaction energies for NO2 and NH3 on graphene. The direct-growth approach for the synthesis of graphene opens a promising path towards diverse applicative scenarios, including the straightforward integration in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiattarella
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sten Vollebregt
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Brigida Alfano
- ENEA C.R. Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Ettore Massera
- ENEA C.R. Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
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14
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Thamri A, Baccar H, Struzzi C, Bittencourt C, Abdelghani A, Llobet E. MHDA-Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for detecting non-aromatic VOCs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35130. [PMID: 27721503 PMCID: PMC5056342 DOI: 10.1038/srep35130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a long chain mercapto acid is reported as a way to improve sensitivity and response time of gas sensors for detecting alcohols, acetone and toxic gases such as DMMP. We have developed sensors employing MWCNTs decorated with gold nanoparticles and modified with a 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) monolayer. Morphological and compositional analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to characterize the gold nanoparticles and to check the bonding of the thiol monolayer. The detection of aromatic and non-aromatic volatiles and DMMP vapors by MWCNT/Au and MWCNT/Au/MHDA shows that the presence of the self-assembled layer increases sensitivity and selectivity towards non-aromatics. Furthermore, it ameliorates response dynamics, and significantly reduces nitrogen dioxide and moisture cross-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Thamri
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Bp676, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisa, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Baccar
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Bp676, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisa, Tunisia
| | - Claudia Struzzi
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry University of Mons, 1 Copernic, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry University of Mons, 1 Copernic, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Adnane Abdelghani
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Bp676, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisa, Tunisia
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Ravi S, Gopi CVVM, Kim HJ. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance of polyimidazole coated covellite CuS dispersed CNT composite materials for application in supercapacitors. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12362-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacitance of the newly prepared covellite CuS dispersed on the CNT surface electrode material on nickel foam is enhanced after polyimidazole coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenu Ravi
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- South Korea
| | | | - Hee je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- South Korea
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16
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Singh NB, Bhattacharya B, Mondal R, Sarkar U. Nickel cluster functionalised carbon nanotube for CO molecule detection: a theoretical study. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Semiquantitative Performance and Mechanism Evaluation of Carbon Nanomaterials as Cathode Coatings for Microbial Fouling Reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4744-55. [PMID: 25956770 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00582-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine bacterial attachment and survival on a titanium (Ti) cathode coated with various carbon nanomaterials (CNM): pristine carbon nanotubes (CNT), oxidized carbon nanotubes (O-CNT), oxidized-annealed carbon nanotubes (OA-CNT), carbon black (CB), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The carbon nanomaterials were dispersed in an isopropyl alcohol-Nafion solution and were then used to dip-coat a Ti substrate. Pseudomonas fluorescens was selected as the representative bacterium for environmental biofouling. Experiments in the absence of an electric potential indicate that increased nanoscale surface roughness and decreased hydrophobicity of the CNM coating decreased bacterial adhesion. The loss of bacterial viability on the noncharged CNM coatings ranged from 22% for CB to 67% for OA-CNT and was dependent on the CNM dimensions and surface chemistry. For electrochemical experiments, the total density and percentage of inactivation of the adherent bacteria were analyzed semiquantitatively as functions of electrode potential, current density, and hydrogen peroxide generation. Electrode potential and hydrogen peroxide generation were the dominant factors with regard to short-term (3-h) bacterial attachment and inactivation, respectively. Extended-time electrochemical experiments (12 h) indicated that in all cases, the density of total deposited bacteria increased almost linearly with time and that the rate of bacterial adhesion was decreased 8- to 10-fold when an electric potential was applied. In summary, this study provides a fundamental rationale for the selection of CNM as cathode coatings and electric potential to reduce microbial fouling.
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Baccar H, Thamri A, Clément P, Llobet E, Abdelghani A. Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:919-27. [PMID: 25977863 PMCID: PMC4419587 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the gas sensing properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with sputtered Pt or Pd nanoparticles. Sputtering allows for an oxygen plasma treatment that removes amorphous carbon from the surface of the carbon nanotubes and creates oxygenated surface defects in which metal nanoparticles nucleate within a few minutes. The decoration with the 2 nm Pt or the 3 nm Pd nanoparticles is very homogeneous. This procedure is performed at the device level (i.e., for carbon nanotubes deposited onto sensor substrates) for many devices in one batch, which illustrates the scalability for the mass production of affordable nanosensors. The response to selected aromatic and non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, as well as pollutant gases has been studied. Pt- and Pd-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes show a fully reversible response to the non-aromatic volatile organic compounds tested when operated at room temperature. In contrast, these nanomaterials were not responsive to the aromatic compounds studied (measured at concentrations up to 50 ppm). Therefore, these sensors could be useful in a small, battery-operated alarm detector, for example, which is able to discriminate aromatic from non-aromatic volatile organic compounds in ambient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Baccar
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Nanotechnology Group, Bp676, Centre Urbain Nord, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Atef Thamri
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Nanotechnology Group, Bp676, Centre Urbain Nord, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisia
- Carthage University, Unité de Recherche de Synthèse et Structure de Nanomatériaux (UR11ES30), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Pierrick Clément
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adnane Abdelghani
- Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Nanotechnology Group, Bp676, Centre Urbain Nord, 1080 Charguia Cedex, Tunisia
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Sridhar S, Tiwary C, Vinod S, Taha-Tijerina JJ, Sridhar S, Kalaga K, Sirota B, Hart AHC, Ozden S, Sinha RK, Vajtai R, Choi W, Kordás K, Ajayan PM. Field emission with ultralow turn on voltage from metal decorated carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7763-7770. [PMID: 25054222 DOI: 10.1021/nn500921s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and scalable method of decorating 3D-carbon nanotube (CNT) forest with metal particles has been developed. The results observed in aluminum (Al) decorated CNTs and copper (Cu) decorated CNTs on silicon (Si) and Inconel are compared with undecorated samples. A significant improvement in the field emission characteristics of the cold cathode was observed with ultralow turn on voltage (Eto ∼ 0.1 V/μm) due to decoration of CNTs with metal nanoparticles. Contact resistance between the CNTs and the substrate has also been reduced to a large extent, allowing us to get stable emission for longer duration without any current degradation, thereby providing a possibility of their use in vacuum microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Sridhar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) , Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
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20
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Malic E, Appel H, Hofmann O, Rubio A. Förster-Induced Energy Transfer in Functionalized Graphene. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:9283-9289. [PMID: 24808936 PMCID: PMC4008518 DOI: 10.1021/jp5019636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures are ideal substrates for functionalization with molecules since they consist of a single atomic layer giving rise to an extraordinary sensitivity to changes in their surrounding. The functionalization opens a new research field of hybrid nanostructures with tailored properties. Here, we present a microscopic view on the substrate-molecule interaction in the exemplary hybrid material consisting of graphene functionalized with perylene molecules. First experiments on similar systems have been recently realized illustrating an extremely efficient transfer of excitation energy from adsorbed molecules to the carbon substrate, a process with a large application potential for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices and biomedical imaging and sensing. So far, there has been no microscopically founded explanation for the observed energy transfer. Based on first-principle calculations, we have explicitly investigated the different transfer mechanisms revealing the crucial importance of Förster coupling. Due to the efficient Coulomb interaction in graphene, we obtain strong Förster rates in the range of 1/fs. We investigate its dependence on the substrate-molecule distance R and describe the impact of the momentum transfer q for an efficient energy transfer. Furthermore, we find that the Dexter transfer mechanism is negligibly small due to the vanishing overlap between the involved strongly localized orbital functions. The gained insights are applicable to a variety of carbon-based hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Malic
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Appel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver
T. Hofmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
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21
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Adjizian J, De Marco P, Suarez-Martinez I, El Mel A, Snyders R, Gengler R, Rudolf P, Ke X, Van Tendeloo G, Bittencourt C, Ewels C. Platinum and palladium on carbon nanotubes: Experimental and theoretical studies. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Effects of surface heterogeneity of carbon nanotubes in adsorption of colloid nanoparticles studied by means of computer simulations. ADSORPTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-013-9484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Zanolli Z, Charlier JC. Single-molecule sensing using carbon nanotubes decorated with magnetic clusters. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10786-91. [PMID: 23121687 DOI: 10.1021/nn304111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
First-principles and nonequilibrium Green's function techniques are used to investigate magnetism and spin-polarized quantum transport in metallic carbon nanotubes (CNT) decorated with transition metal (Ni(13), Pt(13)) magnetic nanoclusters (NC). For small cluster sizes, the strong CNT-NC interaction induces spin-polarization in the CNT. The adsorption of a benzene molecule is found to drastically modify the CNT-NC magnetization. Such a magnetization change should be large enough to be detected via magnetic-AFM or SQUID magnetometry, hence suggesting a novel approach for single-molecule gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeila Zanolli
- Physique Théorique des Matériaux, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.
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24
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Panczyk T, Szabelski P, Drach M. Implicit solvent model for effective molecular dynamics simulations of systems composed of colloid nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 383:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Panczyk T, Rudzinski W, Jagusiak A. Adsorption of colloid nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Computational study of Au_4 cluster on a carbon nanotube with and without defects using QM/MM methodology. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4885-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Bittencourt C, Ke X, Van Tendeloo G, Thiess S, Drube W, Ghijsen J, Ewels CP. Study of the interaction between copper and carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Leghrib R, Llobet E. Quantitative trace analysis of benzene using an array of plasma-treated metal-decorated carbon nanotubes and fuzzy adaptive resonant theory techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 708:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Zan R, Bangert U, Ramasse Q, Novoselov KS. Evolution of gold nanostructures on graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2868-2872. [PMID: 21990192 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Zan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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30
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Yu XY, Luo T, Zhang YX, Jia Y, Zhu BJ, Fu XC, Liu JH, Huang XJ. Adsorption of lead(II) on O₂-plasma-oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: thermodynamics, kinetics, and desorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:2585-93. [PMID: 21675756 DOI: 10.1021/am2004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
O(2)-plasma-oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (po-MWCNTs) have been used as an adsorbent for adsorption of lead(II) in water. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy measurements show that the bulk properties of MWCNTs were not changed after O(2)-plasma oxidation. The adsorption capacity of MWCNTs for lead(II) was greatly enhanced after plasma oxidation mainly because of the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups onto the surface of MWCNTs. The removal of lead(II) by po-MWCNTs occurs rather quickly, and the adsorption kinetics can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm of lead(II) onto MWCNTs fits the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of lead(II) onto MWCNTs is strongly dependent upon the pH values. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that the adsorption mechanism is mainly due to the chemical interaction between lead(II) and the surface functional groups of po-MWCNTs. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) calculated from the adsorption isotherms suggest that the adsorption of lead(II) onto MWCNTs is endothermic and spontaneous. The regeneration performance shows that lead(II) can be easily regenerated from po-MWCNTs by altering the pH values of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yao Yu
- Research Center for Biomimetic Functional Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zanolli Z, Leghrib R, Felten A, Pireaux JJ, Llobet E, Charlier JC. Gas sensing with Au-decorated carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4592-9. [PMID: 21553864 DOI: 10.1021/nn200294h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The sensing properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with gold nanoparticles have been investigated by means of combined theoretical and experimental approaches. On one hand, first-principles and nonequilibrium Green's functions techniques give access to the microscopic features of the sensing mechanisms in individual nanotubes, such as electronic charge transfers and quantum conductances. On the other hand, drop coating deposition of carbon nanotubes decorated with gold nanoparticles onto sensor substrates and their characterization in the detection of pollutants such as NO(2), CO, and C(6)H(6) provide insight into the sensing ability of nanotube mats. Using the present combined approaches, the improvement in the detection of some specific gases (NO(2) and CO) using Au-functionalized nanotubes is explained. However, for other gases such as C(6)H(6), the Au nanoparticles do not seem to play a crucial role in the sensing process when compared with pristine CNTs functionalized with oxygen plasma. Indeed, these different situations can be explained by identifying the relationship between the change of resistance (macroscopic feature) and the shift of the Fermi level (microscopic feature) after gas adsorption. The understanding of the sensing ability at the atomic level opens the way to design new gas sensors and to tune their selectivity by predicting the nature of the metal that is the most appropriate to detect specific molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeila Zanolli
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1 (NAPS-ETSF-Boltzmann), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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32
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Zhao J, Zhu M, Zheng M, Tang Y, Chen Y, Lu T. Electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine at carbon nanotube-supported palladium nanoparticles in strong acidic solution conditions. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Zan R, Bangert U, Ramasse Q, Novoselov KS. Metal-graphene interaction studied via atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1087-1092. [PMID: 21271746 DOI: 10.1021/nl103980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Distributions and atomic sites of transition metals and gold on suspended graphene were investigated via high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, especially using atomic resolution high angle dark field imaging. All metals, albeit as singular atoms or atom aggregates, reside in the omni-present hydrocarbon surface contamination; they do not form continuous films, but clusters or nanocrystals. No interaction was found between Au atoms and clean single-layer graphene surfaces, i.e., no Au atoms are retained on such surfaces. Au and also Fe atoms do, however, bond to clean few-layer graphene surfaces, where they assume T and B sites, respectively. Cr atoms were found to interact more strongly with clean monolayer graphene, they are possibly incorporated at graphene lattice imperfections and have been observed to catalyze dissociation of C-C bonds. This behavior might explain the observed high frequency of Cr-cluster nucleation, and the usefulness as wetting layer, for depositing electrical contacts on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Zan
- School of Physics, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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34
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Pulido A, Boronat M, Corma A. Theoretical investigation of gold clusters supported on graphene sheets. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Quintana M, Ke X, Van Tendeloo G, Meneghetti M, Bittencourt C, Prato M. Light-induced selective deposition of Au nanoparticles on single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6105-13. [PMID: 20866064 DOI: 10.1021/nn101183y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) rely on the development of new strategies to make them easier to handle without affecting their structural properties. In this work, we have selectively deposited Au nanoparticles (Au NP) on SWNT assisted by UV light irradiation. XPS analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy indicate that the deposition occurs at the defects generated after oxidation of the SWNT. By addition of n-dodecylthiol, the separation of oxidized tubes with Au NP (Au-ox-SWNT) from tubes devoid of Au NP (bare tubes, b-SWNT) was achieved. Raman and UV-vis-NIR spectra indicate that UV irradiation induces a faster nucleation of Au NP on metallic SWNT. This new technique can be useful for the preparation of nanohybrid composites with enhanced properties, as increased thermal stability, and to obtain purified SWNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Quintana
- Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italia
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36
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Deepak J, Pradeep T, Waghmare UV. Interaction of small gold clusters with carbon nanotube bundles: formation of gold atomic chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:125301. [PMID: 21389485 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/12/125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use first-principles density functional theory to simulate the interaction of bundles of semiconducting (10, 0) and metallic (6, 6) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with small gold clusters (Au(n), n = 3, 5) inserted in their interstitial spaces. We find that gold clusters spontaneously evolve to form atomic chains along the axis of nanotubes and induce weak metallicity in the semiconducting nanotubes through charge transfer. We further show that a similar structural evolution of Pt(3) clusters occurs in the interstitial spaces of a (10, 0) CNT bundle. Our calculations show that these structural changes, along with interesting changes in the electronic structure, occur at moderate pressures that are readily achievable in a laboratory, and should be relevant to devices that make use of gold-nanotube contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deepak
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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