1
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Karg A, Gödrich S, Dennstedt P, Helfricht N, Retsch M, Papastavrou G. An Integrated, Exchangeable Three-Electrode Electrochemical Setup for AFM-Based Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115228. [PMID: 37299955 DOI: 10.3390/s23115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a versatile scanning probe technique that allows monitoring of a plethora of electrochemical reactions on a highly resolved local scale. SECM in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) is particularly well suited to acquire electrochemical data correlated to sample topography, elasticity, and adhesion, respectively. The resolution achievable in SECM depends critically on the properties of the probe acting as an electrochemical sensor, i.e., the working electrode, which is scanned over the sample. Hence, the development of SECM probes received much attention in recent years. However, for the operation and performance of SECM, the fluid cell and the three-electrode setup are also of paramount importance. These two aspects received much less attention so far. Here, we present a novel approach to the universal implementation of a three-electrode setup for SECM in practically any fluid cell. The integration of all three electrodes (working, counter, and reference) near the cantilever provides many advantages, such as the usage of conventional AFM fluid cells also for SECM or enables the measurement in liquid drops. Moreover, the other electrodes become easily exchangeable as they are combined with the cantilever substrate. Thereby, the handling is improved significantly. We demonstrated that high-resolution SECM, i.e., resolving features smaller than 250 nm in the electrochemical signal, could be achieved with the new setup and that the electrochemical performance was equivalent to the one obtained with macroscopic electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karg
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Institute for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gödrich
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Philipp Dennstedt
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Institute for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Helfricht
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Retsch
- Bavarian Institute for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Papastavrou
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Institute for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Munz M, Poon J, Frandsen W, Cuenya BR, Kley CS. Nanoscale Electron Transfer Variations at Electrocatalyst-Electrolyte Interfaces Resolved by in Situ Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5242-5251. [PMID: 36812448 PMCID: PMC9999420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Rational innovation of electrocatalysts requires detailed knowledge of spatial property variations across the solid-electrolyte interface. We introduce correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) to simultaneously probe, in situ and at the nanoscale, electrical conductivity, chemical-frictional, and morphological properties of a bimetallic copper-gold system for CO2 electroreduction. In air, water, and bicarbonate electrolyte, current-voltage curves reveal resistive CuOx islands in line with local current contrasts, while frictional imaging indicates qualitative variations in the hydration layer molecular ordering upon change from water to electrolyte. Nanoscale current contrast on polycrystalline Au shows resistive grain boundaries and electrocatalytically passive adlayer regions. In situ conductive AFM imaging in water shows mesoscale regions of low current and reveals that reduced interfacial electric currents are accompanied by increased friction forces, thus indicating variations in the interfacial molecular ordering affected by the electrolyte composition and ionic species. These findings provide insights into how local electrochemical environments and adsorbed species affect interfacial charge transfer processes and support building in situ structure-property relationships in catalysis and energy conversion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Munz
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Nanoscale Operando CO2 Photo-Electrocatalysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Poon
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Frandsen
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher S Kley
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Nanoscale Operando CO2 Photo-Electrocatalysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Phosphorylation disrupts long-distance electron transport in cytochrome c. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7100. [PMID: 36402842 PMCID: PMC9675734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently shown that electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and the cytochrome c1 subunit of the cytochrome bc1 can proceed at long-distance through the aqueous solution. Cytochrome c is thought to adjust its activity by changing the affinity for its partners via Tyr48 phosphorylation, but it is unknown how it impacts the nanoscopic environment, interaction forces, and long-range electron transfer. Here, we constrain the orientation and separation between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c or the phosphomimetic Y48pCMF cytochrome c, and deploy an array of single-molecule, bulk, and computational methods to investigate the molecular mechanism of electron transfer regulation by cytochrome c phosphorylation. We demonstrate that phosphorylation impairs long-range electron transfer, shortens the long-distance charge conduit between the partners, strengthens their interaction, and departs it from equilibrium. These results unveil a nanoscopic view of the interaction between redox protein partners in electron transport chains and its mechanisms of regulation.
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4
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Zhang W, Zhang GP, Li ZL, Fu XX, Wang CK, Wang M. Design of multifunctional spin logic gates based on manganese porphyrin molecules connected to graphene electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1849-1859. [PMID: 34988568 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spin-resolved transport properties of molecular logic devices composed of two Mn porphyrin molecules connected to each other via a six-carbon atomic chain were studied using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory. The molecules were symmetrically connected to armchair graphene nanoribbon electrodes through four-carbon atomic chains on the left- and right-hand sides. Our calculations revealed that the spin-resolved current-voltage curves depend on the initial spin setting of the transition metal Mn atoms and carbon atoms on the zigzag edges where the electrodes come in contact with the molecule. By simultaneously regulating the spin orientations of the intermediate functional molecules and the zigzag edges of the armchair graphene nanoribbon electrodes, seven spin polarization configurations were obtained. These configurations were examined in this study considering the spin-related symmetry of molecular junctions. By meticulously selecting different combinations according to the specific input and output signals, YES, NOT, OR, NOR, and XOR multifarious spin logic devices were created. The findings of this study are expected to contribute toward the extension of molecular junction functions in future spintronic integrated circuit design and further miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Minglang Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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5
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Karg A, Rößler T, Mark A, Markus P, Lauster T, Helfricht N, Papastavrou G. A Versatile and Simple Approach to Electrochemical Colloidal Probes for Direct Force Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13537-13547. [PMID: 34752120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal probe technique, which is based on micrometer-sized colloidal particles that are attached to the end of a cantilever, revolutionized direct force measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Its major advantages are a defined interaction geometry and a high force sensitivity. Here, we present a versatile and simple approach for preparing spherical electrodes in the micrometer range on an otherwise insulated AFM cantilever. Thereby, it becomes possible to combine direct force measurements and potentiostatic control of the probe for various types of electrode materials. Two examples for the use of such electrochemical colloidal probes (eCP) are presented: First, on soft, conductive films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) the adhesion behavior was studied. The current through the contact area between the probe and film remained constant until the jump-out of contact, indicating a constant geometrical contact area. Second, the long-range forces due to diffuse layer overlap between an eCP and a glass surface have been determined as a function of the externally applied potential. The resulting interaction force profiles are in good agreement with those calculated based on charge regulation and solutions of the full Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karg
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tamino Rößler
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Mark
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Markus
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Lauster
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Helfricht
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Papastavrou
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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6
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Akhtar A, Rashid U, Seth C, Kumar S, Broekmann P, Kaliginedi V. Modulating the charge transport in metal│molecule│metal junctions via electrochemical gating. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Yu W, Fu HJ, Mueller T, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS. Atomic force microscopy: Emerging illuminated and operando techniques for solar fuel research. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:020902. [PMID: 32668946 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated photoelectrochemical devices rely on the synergy between components to efficiently generate sustainable fuels from sunlight. The micro- and/or nanoscale characteristics of the components and their interfaces often control critical processes of the device, such as charge-carrier generation, electron and ion transport, surface potentials, and electrocatalysis. Understanding the spatial properties and structure-property relationships of these components can provide insight into designing scalable and efficient solar fuel components and systems. These processes can be probed ex situ or in situ with nanometer-scale spatial resolution using emerging scanning-probe techniques based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this Perspective, we summarize recent developments of AFM-based techniques relevant to solar fuel research. We review recent progress in AFM for (1) steady-state and dynamic light-induced surface photovoltage measurements; (2) nanoelectrical conductive measurements to resolve charge-carrier heterogeneity and junction energetics; (3) operando investigations of morphological changes, as well as surface electrochemical potentials, currents, and photovoltages in liquids. Opportunities for research include: (1) control of ambient conditions for performing AFM measurements; (2) in situ visualization of corrosion and morphological evolution of electrodes; (3) operando AFM techniques to allow nanoscale mapping of local catalytic activities and photo-induced currents and potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Yu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Harold J Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Bruker Nano Surfaces, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93111, USA
| | - Bruce S Brunschwig
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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8
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Vaněčková E, Bouša M, Sokolová R, Moreno-García P, Broekmann P, Shestivska V, Rathouský J, Gál M, Sebechlebská T, Kolivoška V. Copper electroplating of 3D printed composite electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Vaněčková E, Bouša M, Vivaldi F, Gál M, Rathouský J, Kolivoška V, Sebechlebská T. UV/VIS spectroelectrochemistry with 3D printed electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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3D printed polylactic acid/carbon black electrodes with nearly ideal electrochemical behaviour. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Kolivoška V, Šebera J, Sebechlebská T, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Mayor M, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations as a tool to achieve the desired geometry of asymmetric tripodal molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3351-3354. [PMID: 30815643 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four molecules containing identical tripodal anchors and p-oligophenylene molecular wires of increasing length were used to demonstrate tuning of the asymmetric molecular junction to the desired geometry by probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations in a scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Tuning phospholipid bilayer permeability by flavonoid apigenin: Electrochemical and atomic force microscopy study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Investigation of the geometrical arrangement and single molecule charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of molecular towers based on tetraphenylmethane tripod. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Nellist MR, Chen Y, Mark A, Gödrich S, Stelling C, Jiang J, Poddar R, Li C, Kumar R, Papastavrou G, Retsch M, Brunschwig BS, Huang Z, Xiang C, Boettcher SW. Atomic force microscopy with nanoelectrode tips for high resolution electrochemical, nanoadhesion and nanoelectrical imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:095711. [PMID: 28139467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nano-imaging in electrochemical environments is important across many areas of science and technology. Here, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) platform with a nanoelectrode probe is reported. In combination with PeakForce tapping AFM mode, the simultaneous characterization of surface topography, quantitative nanomechanics, nanoelectronic properties, and electrochemical activity is demonstrated. The nanoelectrode probe is coated with dielectric materials and has an exposed conical Pt tip apex of ∼200 nm in height and of ∼25 nm in end-tip radius. These characteristic dimensions permit sub-100 nm spatial resolution for electrochemical imaging. With this nanoelectrode probe we have extended AFM-based nanoelectrical measurements to liquid environments. Experimental data and numerical simulations are used to understand the response of the nanoelectrode probe. With PeakForce SECM, we successfully characterized a surface defect on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode showing correlated topographical, electrochemical and nanomechanical information at the highest AFM-SECM resolution. The SECM nanoelectrode also enabled the measurement of heterogeneous electrical conductivity of electrode surfaces in liquid. These studies extend the basic understanding of heterogeneity on graphite/graphene surfaces for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Nellist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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15
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Velmurugan J, Agrawal A, An S, Choudhary E, Szalai VA. Fabrication of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy-Atomic Force Microscopy Probes to Image Surface Topography and Reactivity at the Nanoscale. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2687-2691. [PMID: 28192901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent mapping of chemical reactivity and morphology of heterogeneous electrocatalysts at the nanoscale allows identification of active areas (protrusions, flat film surface, or cracks) responsible for productive chemistry in these materials. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) can map surface characteristics, record catalyst activity, and identify chemical products at solid-liquid electrochemical interfaces. It lacks, however, the ability to distinguish topographic features where surface reactivity occurs. Here, we report the design and fabrication of scanning probe tips that combine SECM with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to perform measurements at the nanoscale. Our probes are fabricated by integrating nanoelectrodes with quartz tuning forks (QTFs). Using a calibration standard fabricated in our lab to test our probes, we obtain simultaneous topographic and electrochemical reactivity maps with a lateral resolution of 150 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavel Velmurugan
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sangmin An
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eric Choudhary
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Veronika A Szalai
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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16
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Yoshida K, Pobelov IV, Manrique DZ, Pope T, Mészáros G, Gulcur M, Bryce MR, Lambert CJ, Wandlowski T. Correlation of breaking forces, conductances and geometries of molecular junctions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9002. [PMID: 25758349 PMCID: PMC4355744 DOI: 10.1038/srep09002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical and mechanical properties of elongated gold-molecule-gold junctions formed by tolane-type molecules with different anchoring groups (pyridyl, thiol, amine, nitrile and dihydrobenzothiophene) were studied in current-sensing force spectroscopy experiments and density functional simulations. Correlations between forces, conductances and junction geometries demonstrate that aromatic tolanes bind between electrodes as single molecules or as weakly-conductive dimers held by mechanically-weak π - π stacking. In contrast with the other anchors that form only S-Au or N-Au bonds, the pyridyl ring also forms a highly-conductive cofacial link to the gold surface. Binding of multiple molecules creates junctions with higher conductances and mechanical strengths than the single-molecule ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilya V Pobelov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Pope
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland [2] Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Murat Gulcur
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Mohos M, Pobelov IV, Kolivoška V, Mészáros G, Broekmann P, Wandlowski T. Breaking Force and Conductance of Gold Nanojunctions: Effect of Humidity. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3560-3564. [PMID: 26278610 DOI: 10.1021/jz5019459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Forces acting on elongated gold nanojunctions and their electric conductance were simultaneously measured by current-sensing force spectroscopy in an atmosphere with controlled humidity. The breaking force of "thick" nanojunctions with conductance >20G0 is not affected by the environmental humidity. The presence of ambient water stabilizes "thin" nanojunctions with conductance <15G0, whose breaking force of 10-15 nN was higher than that in a dry atmosphere due to the capillary forces. The observed effect of humidity would not be possible to distinguish by techniques measuring only forces or only conductance in nanojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Mohos
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilya V Pobelov
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- ‡J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- ¶Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Kolivoška V, Mohos M, Pobelov IV, Rohrbach S, Yoshida K, Hong WJ, Fu YC, Moreno-García P, Mészáros G, Broekmann P, Hromadová M, Sokolová R, Valášek M, Wandlowski T. Electrochemical control of a non-covalent binding between ferrocene and beta-cyclodextrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11757-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Wain AJ, Pollard AJ, Richter C. High-Resolution Electrochemical and Topographical Imaging Using Batch-Fabricated Cantilever Probes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5143-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500946v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Wain
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Richter
- NanoWorld Services GmbH, Schottkystraße
10, Erlangen, Bavaria 91058, Germany
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20
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Kranz C. Recent advancements in nanoelectrodes and nanopipettes used in combined scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques. Analyst 2014; 139:336-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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