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Ruprecht N, Parakkattel D, Hofmann L, Broekmann P, Lüdi N, Kempf C, Heverhagen JT, von Tengg-Kobligk H. Uptake of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents by Blood Cells During Contrast-Enhanced MRI Examination. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:372-378. [PMID: 37824716 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. However, there is limited knowledge about the interaction with and distribution of the drug in human cells. This lack of knowledge is surprising, given that the first interaction of the drug occurs with blood cells. Moreover, recent studies reported gadolinium (Gd) deposition within organs, such as the brain. Hence, this study is aiming to determine the uptake of GBCA in blood cells of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced MRI (ce-MRI) examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human blood was exposed to either gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA) or Eu-DOTA in vitro or was collected from patients undergoing ce-MRI with Gd-DOTA. Uptake of contrast agents (CAs) by blood cells was quantified by Gd measurements using single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS) or, to confirm Gd-DOTA uptake, by a complementary method using Eu-DOTA by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS Uptake of Gd-DOTA or Eu-DOTA into white blood cells (WBCs) ex vivo was detectable by SC-ICP-MS and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The intracellular concentrations were estimated to be in the range of 1-3 μM. However, no CA uptake into erythrocytes was detected with either method. In total, 42 patients between 30 and 84 years old (24 men, 18 women) were enrolled. White blood cells' uptake of Gd was measured by SC-ICP-MS. Isolated WBCs from patients who underwent ce-MRI examination showed substantial Gd uptake; however, the studied patient group showed an inhomogeneous distribution of Gd uptake. Measurements immediately after MRI examination indicated 21-444 attogram/WBC, corresponding to an intracellular Gd concentration in the range from 0.2 to 5.5 μM. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the ex vivo uptake of GBCA by WBCs and provides the first evidence that GBCA is indeed taken up by WBCs in vivo by patients undergoing ce-MRI examination. However, the observed Gd uptake in WBCs does not follow a log-normal distribution commonly observed in the fields of environmental studies, biology, and medicine. Whether cellular uptake of GBCA is linked to the observed deposition of Gd remains unclear. Therefore, studying the interaction between GBCA and human cells may clarify crucial questions about the effects of Gd on patients after MRI examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ruprecht
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (N.R., D.P., C.K., J.T.H., H.v.T.-K.); Experimental Radiology Laboratory, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (N.R., D.P., C.K., J.T.H., H.v.T.-K.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Israel (L.H.); and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (P.B., N.L.)
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Moreno-García P, de Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Prenzel T, Winter J, Gálvez-Vázquez L, Broekmann P, Waldvogel SR. Self-Standing Metal Foam Catalysts for Cathodic Electro-Organic Synthesis. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307461. [PMID: 37917032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Although electro-organic synthesis is currently receiving renewed interest because of its potential to enable sustainability in chemical processes to value-added products, challenges in process development persist: For reductive transformations performed in protic media, an inherent issue is the limited choice of metallic cathode materials that can effectively suppress the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) while maintaining a high activity toward the targeted electro-organic reaction. Current development trends are aimed at avoiding the previously used HER-suppressing elements (Cd, Hg, and Pb) because of their toxicity. Here, this work reports the rational design of highly porous foam-type binary and ternary electrocatalysts with reduced Pb content. Optimized cathodes are tested in electro-organic reductions using an oxime to nitrile transformation as a model reaction relevant for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Their electrocatalytic performance is compared with that of the model CuSn7Pb15 bronze alloy that has recently been endorsed as the best cathode replacement for bare Pb electrodes. All developed metal foam catalysts outperform both bare Pb and the CuSn7Pb15 benchmark in terms of chemical yield and energetic efficiency. Moreover, post-electrolysis analysis of the crude electrolyte mixture and the cathode's surfaces through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively, reveal the foam catalysts' elevated resistance to cathodic corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Prenzel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Liliana Gálvez-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Li C, Li R, Peng X, Zhang J, Yang P, Wang G, Wang B, Broekmann P, An M. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the New Leveler Basic Blue 1 during Copper Superconformal Growth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:47628-47639. [PMID: 37751513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel chlorinated functional group-modified triphenylmethane derivative leveler BB1 is used to achieve superconformal electrodeposition in microvias. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are performed to study the suppressing effect of BB1, while the convection-dependent adsorption of BB1 on the copper surface is analyzed by galvanostatic measurement, and a BB1 concentration window between 100 and 200 mg/L is beneficial for superfilling. The interactions among BB1, bis-(sodium sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are also investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and in situ Raman spectroscopy are coupled to study the suppression mechanism and synergistic suppression mechanism, namely, the adsorption effect between BB1 and copper substrate, as well as the coordination effect between the modified chlorinated functional group and Cu2+, is proposed. The copper layer becomes smoother and more compact with an increase in BB1 concentration, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the introduction of BB1 is conducive to the formation of the copper (220) plane. Besides, the solution wettability is boosted by BB1. A copper interconnecting layer with high quality is achieved with 150 mg/L BB1, while the surface deposition thickness (SDT) is about 34 μm and filling percentages (FPs) for microvias with diameters of 100, 125, and 150 μm are 81.34, 82.72, and 81.39%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Chengzhi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruopeng Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuesong Peng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peixia Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Maozhong An
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Riedo-Grimaudo V, Pillatsch L, Whitby J, Liu M, Broekmann P. Imaging of Light Elements at the Nanometer Scale using fibTOF. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:756-757. [PMID: 37613448 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Dutta A, Iarchuk A, Sun C, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Boosting Nitrate to Ammonia Electroconversion through Hydrogen Gas Evolution over Cu-foam@mesh Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8169-8182. [PMID: 37342835 PMCID: PMC10278070 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is often considered parasitic to numerous cathodic electro-transformations of high technological interest, including but not limited to metal plating (e.g., for semiconductor processing), the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the dinitrogen → ammonia conversion (N2RR), and the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3-RR). Herein, we introduce a porous Cu foam material electrodeposited onto a mesh support through the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical nitrate → ammonia conversion. To take advantage of the intrinsically high surface area of this spongy foam material, effective mass transport of the nitrate reactants from the bulk electrolyte solution into its three-dimensional porous structure is critical. At high reaction rates, NO3-RR becomes, however, readily mass transport limited because of the slow nitrate diffusion into the three-dimensional porous catalyst. Herein, we demonstrate that the gas-evolving HER can mitigate the depletion of reactants inside the 3D foam catalyst through opening an additional convective nitrate mass transport pathway provided the NO3-RR becomes already mass transport limited prior to the HER onset. This pathway is achieved through the formation and release of hydrogen bubbles facilitating electrolyte replenishment inside the foam during water/nitrate co-electrolysis. This HER-mediated transport effect "boosts" the effective limiting current of nitrate reduction, as evidenced by potentiostatic electrolyses combined with an operando video inspection of the Cu-foam@mesh catalysts under operating NO3-RR conditions. Depending on the solution pH and the nitrate concentration, NO3-RR partial current densities beyond 1 A cm-2 were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- State
Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, No.5 South Jinhua Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Iarchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Changzhe Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- MTA−ELTE
Momentum Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter
sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Grimaudo V, Lopez DM, Prone G, Lüthi T, Flisch A, López AC, Grozovski V, Tulej M, Riedo A, Zboray R, Lörtscher E, Broekmann P, Wurz P. Quantitative laser-matter interaction: a 3D study of UV-fs-laser ablation on single crystalline Ru(0001). Opt Express 2023; 31:17964-17986. [PMID: 37381517 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation is nowadays an extensively applied technology to probe the chemical composition of solid materials. It allows for precise targeting of micrometer objects on and in samples, and enables chemical depth profiling with nanometer resolution. An in-depth understanding of the 3D geometry of the ablation craters is crucial for precise calibration of the depth scale in chemical depth profiles. Herein we present a comprehensive study on laser ablation processes using a Gaussian-shaped UV-femtosecond irradiation source and present how the combination of three different imaging methods (scanning electron microscopy, interferometric microscopy, and X-ray computed tomography) can provide accurate information on the crater's shapes. Crater analysis by applying X-ray computed tomography is of considerable interest because it allows the imaging of an array of craters in one step with sub-µm accuracy and is not limited to the aspect ratio of the crater. X-ray computed tomography thereby complements the analysis of laser ablation craters. The study investigates the effect of laser pulse energy and laser burst count on a single crystal Ru(0001) sample. Single crystals ensure that there is no dependence on the grain orientations during the laser ablation process. An array of 156 craters of different dimensions ranging from <20 nm to ∼40 µm in depth were created. For each individually applied laser pulse, we measured the number of ions generated in the ablation plume with our laser ablation ionization mass spectrometer. We show to which extent the combination of these four techniques reveals valuable information on the ablation threshold, the ablation rate, and the limiting ablation depth. The latter is expected to be a consequence of decreasing irradiance upon increasing crater surface area. The ion signal generated was found to be proportional to the volume ablated up to the certain depth, which enables in-situ depth calibration during the measurement.
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7
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Vesztergom S, Senocrate A, Kong Y, Kolivoška V, Bernasconi F, Zboray R, Battaglia C, Broekmann P. Eliminating Flooding-related Issues in Electrochemical CO₂-to-CO Converters: Two Lines of Defense. Chimia (Aarau) 2023; 77:104-109. [PMID: 38047811 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By using silver (Ag) in nanostructured (nanowire, nanosphere, etc.) or thin-layer form as a catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction, very high CO-forming selectivity of almost 100% can be achieved. Supported by gas diffusion layers (GDLs), the reactant CO2 in the gas phase can approach and potentially access active Ag sites, which allows current densities in the range of a few hundred mA cm-2 to be reached. Yet, the stability of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) based electrochemical CO2-to-CO converters is far from perfect, and the activity of GDE cathodes, especially when operated at high current densities, often significantly decays during electrolyses after no more than a few hours. The primary reason of stability losses in GDE-based CO2-to-CO electrolysers is flooding: that is, the excess wetting of the GDE that prevents CO2 from reaching Ag catalytic sites. In the past years, the authors of this paper at Empa and at the University of Bern, cooperating with other partners of the National Competence Center for Research (NCCR) on Catalysis, took different approaches to overcome flooding. While opinions differ with regard to where the first line of defense in protecting GDEs from flooding should lie, a comparison of the recent results of the two groups gives unique insight into the nature of processes occurring in GDE cathodes used for CO2 electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Vesztergom
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Ying Kong
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Robert Zboray
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
| | - Corsin Battaglia
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Cheng D, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Broekmann P, Alexandrova AN, Sautet P. Restructuring and Activation of Cu (111) under Electrocatalytic Reduction Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Cheng
- University of California Los Angeles Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Ziyang Wei
- University of California Los Angeles chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry and Biochemistry SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Philippe Sautet
- University of California Los Angeles Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 5531 Boelter HallBox 951592 90095-1592 Los Angeles UNITED STATES
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9
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Cheng D, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Broekmann P, Alexandrova AN, Sautet P. Restructuring and Activation of Cu (111) under Electrocatalytic Reduction Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218575. [PMID: 36922903 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic restructuring of Cu surfaces in electroreduction conditions is of fundamental interest in electrocatalysis. We decode the structural dynamics of a Cu(111) electrode under reduction conditions by joint first-principles calculations and operando electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) experiments. Combining global optimization and grand canonical density functional theory, we unravel the potential- and pH-dependent restructuring of Cu(111) in acidic electrolyte. At reductive potential, Cu(111) is covered by a high density of H atoms and, below a threshold potential, Cu adatoms are formed on the surface in a (4×4) superstructure, a restructuring unfavorable in vacuum. The strong H adsorption is the driving force for the restructuring, itself induced by electrode potential. On the restructured surface, barriers for hydrogen evolution reaction steps are low. Restructuring in electroreduction conditions creates highly active Cu adatom sites not present on Cu(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Cheng
- University of California Los Angeles, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Ziyang Wei
- University of California Los Angeles, chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern, Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Philippe Sautet
- University of California Los Angeles, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, Box 951592, 90095-1592, Los Angeles, UNITED STATES
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Hu H, Kong Y, Liu M, Kolivoška V, Rudnev AV, Hou Y, Erni R, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Effective perspiration is essential to uphold the stability of zero-gap MEA-based cathodes used in CO 2 electrolysers. J Mater Chem A Mater 2023; 11:5083-5094. [PMID: 36911161 PMCID: PMC9990144 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta06965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products creates the possibility of achieving current densities of a few hundred mA cm-2. To achieve stable operation at such high reaction rates remains, however, a challenging task, due to the flooding of the GDE. In order to mitigate flooding in a zero-gap membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) configuration, paths for effective electrolyte perspiration inside the GDE structure have to be kept open during the electrolysis process. Here we demonstrate that apart from the operational parameters of the electrolysis and the structural properties of the supporting gas diffusion layers, also the chemical composition of the applied catalyst inks can play a decisive role in the electrolyte management of GDEs used for CO2 electroreduction. In particular, the presence of excess amounts of polymeric capping agents (used to stabilize the catalyst nanoparticles) can lead to a blockage of micropores, which hinders perspiration and initiates the flooding of the microporous layer. Here we use a novel ICP-MS analysis-based approach to quantitatively monitor the amount of perspired electrolyte that exits a GDE-based CO2 electrolyser, and we show a direct correlation between the break-down of effective perspiration and the appearance of flooding-the latter ultimately leading to a loss of electrolyser stability. We recommend the use of an ultracentrifugation-based approach by which catalyst inks containing no excess amount of polymeric capping agents can be formulated. Using these inks, the stability of electrolyses can be ensured for much longer times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hu
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Ying Kong
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Menglong Liu
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague Czechia
| | - Alexander V Rudnev
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospekt 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Yuhui Hou
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Electron Microscopy Center Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Eötvös Loránd University, MTA-ELTE Momentum Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Group Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- NCCR Catalysis, University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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Liu Y, Webb S, Moreno-García P, Kulkarni A, Maroni P, Broekmann P, Milton RD. Facile Functionalization of Carbon Electrodes for Efficient Electroenzymatic Hydrogen Production. JACS Au 2023; 3:124-130. [PMID: 36711103 PMCID: PMC9875370 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic electrocatalysis holds promise for new biotechnological approaches to produce chemical commodities such as molecular hydrogen (H2). However, typical inhibitory limitations include low stability and/or low electrocatalytic currents (low product yields). Here we report a facile single-step electrode preparation procedure using indium-tin oxide nanoparticles on carbon electrodes. The subsequent immobilization of a model [FeFe]-hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum ("CpI") on the functionalized carbon electrode permits comparatively large quantities of H2 to be produced in a stable manner. Specifically, we observe current densities of >8 mA/cm2 at -0.8 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) by direct electron transfer (DET) from cyclic voltammetry, with an onset potential for H2 production close to its standard potential at pH 7 (approximately -0.4 V vs. SHE). Importantly, hydrogenase-modified electrodes show high stability retaining ∼92% of their electrocatalytic current after 120 h of continuous potentiostatic H2 production at -0.6 V vs. SHE; gas chromatography confirmed ∼100% Faradaic efficiency. As the bioelectrode preparation method balances simplicity, performance, and stability, it paves the way for DET on other electroenzymatic reactions as well as semiartificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Liu
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Webb
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Moreno-García
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Plinio Maroni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
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12
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Zaytsev OI, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Broekmann P, Rudnev AV. Over- and underpotential deposition of copper from a deep eutectic solvent: Pt(1 1 1) single crystal versus polycrystalline Pt substrates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Iarchuk A, Dutta A, Broekmann P. Novel Ni foam catalysts for sustainable nitrate to ammonia electroreduction. J Hazard Mater 2022; 439:129504. [PMID: 36104893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3-RR) is considered a promising approach to remove environmentally harmful nitrate from wastewater while simultaneously producing ammonia, a product with high value. An important consideration is the choice of catalyst, which is required not only to accelerate NO3-RR but also to direct the product selectivity of the electrolysis toward ammonia production. To this end, we demonstrate the fabrication of novel Ni foam catalysts produced through a dynamic hydrogen bubble template assisted electrodeposition process. The resulting foam morphology of the catalyst is demonstrated to crucially govern its overall electrocatalytic performance. More than 95% Faradaic efficiency of ammonia production was achieved in the low potential range from -0.1 to -0.3 V vs. RHE. Hydrogen was found to be the only by-product of the nitrate reduction. Intriguingly, no other nitrogen containing products (e.g., NO,N2O, or N2) formed during electrolysis, thus indicating a 100% selective (nitrate→ammonia) conversion. Therefore, this novel Ni foam catalyst is a highly promising candidate for truly selective (nitrate→ammonia) electroreduction and a promising alternative to mature copper-based NO3-RR benchmark catalysts. Excellent catalytic performance of the novel Ni foam catalyst was also observed in screening experiments under conditions mimicking those in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iarchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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14
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Kong Y, Liu M, Hu H, Hou Y, Vesztergom S, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Kolivoška V, Broekmann P. Cracks as Efficient Tools to Mitigate Flooding in Gas Diffusion Electrodes Used for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200369. [PMID: 35810472 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advantage of employing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in carbon dioxide reduction electrolyzers is that they allow CO2 to reach the catalyst in gaseous state, enabling current densities that are orders of magnitude larger than what is achievable in standard H-type cells. The gain in the reaction rate comes, however, at the cost of stability issues related to flooding that occurs when excess electrolyte permeates the micropores of the GDE, effectively blocking the access of CO2 to the catalyst. For electrolyzers operated with alkaline electrolytes, flooding leaves clear traces within the GDE in the form of precipitated potassium (hydrogen)carbonates. By analyzing the amount and distribution of precipitates, and by quantifying potassium salts transported through the GDE during operation (electrolyte perspiration), important information can be gained with regard to the extent and means of flooding. In this work, a novel combination of energy dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based methods is employed to study flooding-related phenomena in GDEs differing in the abundance of cracks in the microporous layer. It is concluded that cracks play an important role in the electrolyte management of CO2 electrolyzers, and that electrolyte perspiration through cracks is paramount in avoiding flooding-related performance drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Menglong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Zelocualtecatl Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Dutta A, Kiran K, Rieder A, Iarchuk A, Vesztergom S, Mirolo M, Martens I, Drnec J, Broekmann P. CO 2 Conversion at High Current Densities: Stabilization of Bi(III)-Containing Electrocatalysts under CO 2 Gas Flow Conditions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Zelocualtecatl Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rieder
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Iarchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Mirolo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Hu H, Liu M, Kong Y, Montiel IZ, Hou Y, Rudnev AV, Broekmann P. Size‐dependent Structural Alterations in Ag Nanoparticles During CO2 Electrolysis in a Gas‐fed Zero‐gap Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hu
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Menglong Liu
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Ying Kong
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Yuhui Hou
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Alexander V. Rudnev
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
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17
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Monserrat Lopez D, Grimaudo V, Prone G, Flisch A, Riedo A, Zboray R, Lüthi T, Mayor M, Fussenegger M, Broekmann P, Wurz P, Lörtscher E. Automated, 3-D and Sub-Micron Accurate Ablation-Volume Determination by Inverse Molding and X-Ray Computed Tomography. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200136. [PMID: 35521972 PMCID: PMC9284130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ablation of materials in combination with element-specific analysis of the matter released is a widely used method to accurately determine a material's chemical composition. Among other methods, repetitive ablation using femto-second pulsed laser systems provides excellent spatial resolution through its incremental removal of nanometer thick layers. The method can be combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, for example, laser ablation ionization mass spectrometry, to simultaneously analyze chemically the material released. With increasing depth of the volume ablated, however, secondary effects start to play an important role and the ablation geometry deviates substantially from the desired cylindrical shape. Consequently, primarily conical but sometimes even more complex, rather than cylindrical, craters are created. Their dimensions need to be analyzed to enable a direct correlation with the element-specific analytical signals. Here, a post-ablation analysis method is presented that combines generic polydimethylsiloxane-based molding of craters with the volumetric reconstruction of the crater's inverse using X-ray computed tomography. Automated analysis yields the full, sub-micron accurate anatomy of the craters, thereby a scalable and generic method to better understand the fundamentals underlying ablation processes applicable to a wide range of materials. Furthermore, it may serve toward a more accurate determination of heterogeneous material's composition for a variety of applications without requiring time- and labor-intensive analyses of individual craters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Monserrat Lopez
- Science & Technology DepartmentIBM Research Europe ‐ ZurichSäumerstrasse 4RüschlikonCH‐8803Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Valentine Grimaudo
- Physics InstituteSpace Research & Planetary SciencesUniversity of BernSidlerstrasse 5BernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Giulia Prone
- Science & Technology DepartmentIBM Research Europe ‐ ZurichSäumerstrasse 4RüschlikonCH‐8803Switzerland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns‐Ring 19BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Alexander Flisch
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Andreas Riedo
- Physics InstituteSpace Research & Planetary SciencesUniversity of BernSidlerstrasse 5BernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Robert Zboray
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lüthi
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns‐Ring 19BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichMattenstrasse 26Basel4058Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of ChemistryBiochemistry and Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 3BernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Peter Wurz
- Physics InstituteSpace Research & Planetary SciencesUniversity of BernSidlerstrasse 5BernCH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- Science & Technology DepartmentIBM Research Europe ‐ ZurichSäumerstrasse 4RüschlikonCH‐8803Switzerland
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18
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Sun C, Hou Y, Lüdi N, Hu H, de Jesús Gálvez-Vázquez M, Liechti M, Kong Y, Liu M, Erni R, Rudnev AV, Broekmann P. Improving the lifetime of hybrid CoPc@MWCNT catalysts for selective electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Kong Y, Hu H, Liu M, Hou Y, Kolivoška V, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Visualisation and quantification of flooding phenomena in gas diffusion electrodes used for electrochemical CO2 reduction: A combined EDX/ICP–MS approach. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Liu M, Kong Y, Hu H, Kovács N, Sun C, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Gálvez Vázquez MDJ, Hou Y, Mirolo M, Martens I, Drnec J, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. The capping agent is the key: Structural alterations of Ag NPs during CO2 electrolysis probed in a zero-gap gas-flow configuration. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Dutta A, Kiran K, Rahaman M, Montiel IZ, Moreno-García P, Vesztergom S, Drnec J, Oezaslan M, Broekmann P. Insights from Operando and Identical Location (IL) Techniques on the Activation of Electrocatalysts for the Conversion of CO₂: A Mini-Review. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:733-743. [PMID: 34526178 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review we compare two prototypical metal foam electrocatalysts applied to the transformation of CO₂ into value-added products (e.g. alcohols on Cu foams and formate on Bi foams). A substantial improvement in the catalyst performance is typically achieved through thermal annealing of the as-deposited foam materials, followed by the electro-reduction of the pre-formed oxidic precursors prior or during the actual CO₂ electrolysis. Utilizing highly insightful and sensitive complementary operando analytical techniques (XAS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy) we demonstrate that this catalyst pre-activation process is entirely accomplished in case of the oxidized Cu foams prior to the formation of hydrocarbons and alcohols from the CO₂. The actually active catalyst is therefore the metallic Cu derived from the precursor by means of oxide electro-reduction. Conversely, in their oxidic form, the Cu-based foam catalysts are inactive towards the CO₂ reduction reaction (denoted ec-CO₂ RR). Oxidized Bi foams can be regarded as an excellent counter example to the above-mentioned Cu case as both metallic and the thermally derived oxidic Bi foams are highly active towards ec-CO₂ RR (formate production). Indeed, operando Raman spectroscopy reveals that CO₂ electrolysis occurs upon its embedment into the oxidic Bi₂O₃ foam precursor, which itself undergoes partial transformation into an active sub-carbonate phase. The potential-dependent transition of sub-carbonates/oxides into the corresponding metallic Bi foam dictates the characteristic changes of the ec-CO₂ RR pathway. Identical location (IL) microscopic inspection of the catalyst materials, e.g. by means of scanning electron microscopy, demonstrates substantial morphological alterations on the nm length scale on the material surface as consequence of the sub-carbonate formation and the potential-driven oxide reduction into the metallic Bi foam. The foam morphology on a mesoscopic length scale (macroporosity) remains, by contrast, fully unaffected by these phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kiran Kiran
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Pavel Moreno-García
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Soma Vesztergom
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physical Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Pézmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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22
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Rahaman M, Kiran K, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Dutta A, Broekmann P. Suppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Is the Key: Selective Electrosynthesis of Formate from CO 2 over Porous In 55Cu 45 Catalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35677-35688. [PMID: 34288647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrosynthesis of formate through CO2 electroreduction (denoted CO2RR) is currently attracting great attention because formate is a highly valuable commodity chemical that is already used in a wide range of applications (e.g., formic acid fuel cells, tanning, rubber production, preservatives, and antibacterial agents). Herein, we demonstrate highly selective production of formate through CO2RR from a CO2-saturated aqueous bicarbonate solution using a porous In55Cu45 alloy as the electrocatalyst. This novel high-surface-area material was produced by means of an electrodeposition process utilizing the dynamic hydrogen bubble template approach. Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of formate production (FEformate) never fell below 90% within a relatively broad potential window of approximately 400 mV, ranging from -0.8 to -1.2 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). A maximum FEformate of 96.8%, corresponding to a partial current density of jformate = -8.9 mA cm-2, was yielded at -1.0 V vs RHE. The experimental findings suggested a CO2RR mechanism involving stabilization of the HCOO* intermediate on the In55Cu45 alloy surface in combination with effective suppression of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction. What makes this CO2RR alloy catalyst particularly valuable is its stability against degradation and chemical poisoning. An almost constant formate efficiency of ∼94% was maintained in an extended 30 h electrolysis experiment, whereas pure In film catalysts (the reference benchmark system) showed a pronounced decrease in formate efficiency from 82% to 50% under similar experimental conditions. The identical location scanning electron microscopy approach was applied to demonstrate the structural stability of the applied In55Cu45 alloy foam catalysts at various length scales. We demonstrate that the proposed catalyst concept could be transferred to technically relevant support materials (e.g., carbon cloth gas diffusion electrode) without altering its excellent figures of merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Zelocualtecatl Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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23
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Akhtar A, Rashid U, Seth C, Kumar S, Broekmann P, Kaliginedi V. Modulating the charge transport in metal│molecule│metal junctions via electrochemical gating. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Vaněčková E, Bouša M, Shestivska V, Kubišta J, Moreno‐García P, Broekmann P, Rahaman M, Zlámal M, Heyda J, Bernauer M, Sebechlebská T, Kolivoška V. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on 3D Printed Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Faculty of Chemical Engineering Department of Physical Chemistry Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bouša
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Violetta Shestivska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubišta
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Moreno‐García
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Zlámal
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Faculty of Chemical Technology Department of Inorganic Technology Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Heyda
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Faculty of Chemical Engineering Department of Physical Chemistry Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bernauer
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Faculty of Chemical Technology Department of Inorganic Technology Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Táňa Sebechlebská
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
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25
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Bertini S, Rahaman M, Dutta A, Schollhammer P, Rudnev AV, Gloaguen F, Broekmann P, Albrecht M. Oxo-functionalised mesoionic NHC nickel complexes for selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to formate. Green Chem 2021; 23:3365-3373. [PMID: 34093085 PMCID: PMC8111538 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc00388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products are paramount for reducing the environmental risks associated with high levels of this greenhouse gas and offer unique opportunities for transforming waste into useful products. While catalysts based on nickel as an Earth-abundant metal for the sustainable reduction of CO2 are known, the vast majority produce predominantly CO as a product. Here, efficient and selective CO2 reduction to formate as a synthetically valuable product has been accomplished with novel nickel complexes containing a tailored C,O-bidentate chelating mesoionic carbene ligand. These nickel(ii) complexes are easily accessible and show excellent catalytic activity for electrochemical H+ reduction to H2 (from HOAc in MeCN), and CO2 reduction (from CO2-saturated MeOH/MeCN solution) with high faradaic efficiency to yield formate exclusively as an industrially and synthetically valuable product from CO2. The most active catalyst precursor features the 4,6-di-tert-butyl substituted phenolate triazolylidene ligand, tolerates different proton donors including water, and reaches an unprecedented faradaic efficiency of 83% for formate production, constituting the most active and selective Ni-based system known to date for converting CO2 into formate as an important commodity chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertini
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander V Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Fredric Gloaguen
- UMR 6521, CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale CS 93837 29238 Brest France
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &Pharmacy, Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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26
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Dutta A, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Kiran K, Rieder A, Grozovski V, Gut L, Broekmann P. A Tandem (Bi2O3 → Bimet) Catalyst for Highly Efficient ec-CO2 Conversion into Formate: Operando Raman Spectroscopic Evidence for a Reaction Pathway Change. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | | | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Alain Rieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Vitali Grozovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Lukas Gut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012 Switzerland
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27
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Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Xu HB, Moreno-García PA, Hou YA, Hu HA, Wiley BJ, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Unwrap Them First: Operando Potential- induced Activation Is Required when Using PVP-Capped Ag Nanocubes as Catalysts of CO₂ Electroreduction. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:163-168. [PMID: 33766198 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles of different shape can be used as efficient electrocatalysts for many technologically and environmentally relevant processes, like the electroreduction of CO₂. Intense research is thus targeted at finding the morphology of nanosized features that best suits catalytic needs. In order to control the shape and size distribution of the designed nanoobjects, and to prevent their aggregation, synthesis routes often rely on the use of organic capping agents (surfactants). It is known, however, that these agents tend to remain adsorbed on the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles and may significantly impair their catalytic performance, both in terms of overall yield and of product selectivity. It thus became a standard procedure to apply certain methods (e.g. involving UV-ozone or plasma treatments) for the removal of capping agents from the surface of nanoparticles, before they are used as catalysts. Proper design of the operating procedure of the electrocatalysis process may, however, render such cleaning steps unnecessary. In this paper we use poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capped Ag nanocubes to demonstrate a mere electrochemical, operando activation method. The proposed method is based on an observed hysteresis of the catalytic yield of CO (the desired product of CO₂ electroreduction) as a function of the applied potential. When as-synthesized nanocubes were directly used for CO₂ electroreduction, the CO yield was rather low at moderate overpotentials. However, following a potential excursion to more negative potentials, most of the (blocking) PVP was irreversibly removed from the catalyst surface, allowing a significantly higher catalytic yield even under less harsh operating conditions. The described hysteresis of the product distribution is shown to be of transient nature, and following operando activation by a single 'break-in' cycle, a truly efficient catalyst was obtained that retained its stability during long hours of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heng B Xu
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, USA
| | - Pavel A Moreno-García
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuhui A Hou
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Huifang A Hu
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Soma Vesztergom
- Eötvös Lorénd University, Department of Physical Chemistry, H-1107 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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28
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Hou Y, Kovács N, Xu H, Sun C, Erni R, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Rieder A, Hu H, Kong Y, Liu M, Wiley BJ, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Limitations of identical location SEM as a method of degradation studies on surfactant capped nanoparticle electrocatalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Vesztergom S, Dutta A, Rahaman M, Kiran K, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Broekmann P. Hydrogen Bubble Templated Metal Foams as Efficient Catalysts of CO
2
Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
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30
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de Jesus Gálvez-Vázquez M, Moreno-García P, Xu H, Hou Y, Hu H, Montiel IZ, Rudnev AV, Alinejad S, Grozovski V, Wiley BJ, Arenz M, Broekmann P. Environment Matters: CO2RR Electrocatalyst Performance Testing in a Gas-Fed Zero-Gap Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander V. Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Shima Alinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Vitali Grozovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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31
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Dutta A, Rahaman M, Hecker B, Drnec J, Kiran K, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Jochen Weber D, Zanetti A, Cedeño López A, Martens I, Broekmann P, Oezaslan M. CO2 electrolysis – Complementary operando XRD, XAS and Raman spectroscopy study on the stability of CuxO foam catalysts. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Hu H, Liu M, Kong Y, Mysuru N, Sun C, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Müller U, Erni R, Grozovski V, Hou Y, Broekmann P. Activation Matters: Hysteresis Effects during Electrochemical Looping of Colloidal Ag Nanowire Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Menglong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Nisarga Mysuru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Changzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrich Müller
- Surface Science and Coating Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Vitali Grozovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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34
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Moreno-García P, Kovács N, Grozovski V, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Vesztergom S, Broekmann P. Toward CO 2 Electroreduction under Controlled Mass Flow Conditions: A Combined Inverted RDE and Gas Chromatography Approach. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4301-4308. [PMID: 32081004 PMCID: PMC7307836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of rotating disk electrodes (RDEs) is probably the most convenient way of studying simple electrode reactions under well-defined transport conditions. Standard RDEs become, however, less expedient when the studied electrode process is a complex one, leading to the formation of various reaction products. In these cases, the accurate detection and quantification of the formed products are desirable. If the formed products are gaseous, then the usual way of quantifying them is the use of online gas chromatography (GC), a method that is not compatible with open RDE cells. In order to overcome these difficulties, we present here a sophisticated inverted RDE (iRDE) cell design. The design combines various advantages: it is amenable to the same mathematical treatment as standard (downward-facing) RDEs; it can be operated airtight and coupled to online GC; and due to its upward-facing design, the electrode surface is less prone to blockage by any formed gas bubbles. The iRDE&GC design is tested using simple model reactions and is demonstratively used for studying the electrochemical reduction of CO2, accompanied by parasitic hydrogen evolution, on a silver electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noémi Kovács
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vitali Grozovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Rudnev AV, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Abdelrahman A, Arenz M, Broekmann P, Jacob T. Structural Changes of Au(111) Single‐Crystal Electrode Surface in Ionic Liquids. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Rudnev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maria R. Ehrenburg
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena B. Molodkina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
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36
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Vaněčková E, Bouša M, Sokolová R, Moreno-García P, Broekmann P, Shestivska V, Rathouský J, Gál M, Sebechlebská T, Kolivoška V. Copper electroplating of 3D printed composite electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Cedeño López A, Grimaudo V, Riedo A, Tulej M, Wiesendanger R, Lukmanov R, Moreno-García P, Lörtscher E, Wurz P, Broekmann P. Three-Dimensional Composition Analysis of SnAg Solder Bumps Using Ultraviolet Femtosecond Laser Ablation Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1355-1362. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cedeño López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Interfacial Electrochemistry Group, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - V. Grimaudo
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Riedo
- Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Tulej
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Wiesendanger
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Lukmanov
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Interfacial Electrochemistry Group, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Lörtscher
- IBM Research Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - P. Wurz
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Interfacial Electrochemistry Group, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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38
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Baghernejad M, Van Dyck C, Bergfield J, Levine DR, Gubicza A, Tovar JD, Calame M, Broekmann P, Hong W. Quantum Interference Enhanced Chemical Responsivity in Single‐Molecule Dithienoborepin Junctions. Chemistry 2019; 25:15141-15146. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Baghernejad
- Transport at Nanoscale Interface Laboratory Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 56 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Colin Van Dyck
- Department of Physics University of Mons 20, place du parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Justin Bergfield
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry Illinois State University Moulton Hall USA
| | - David R. Levine
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Agnes Gubicza
- Transport at Nanoscale Interface Laboratory Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport at Nanoscale Interface Laboratory Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 56 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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39
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Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Alinejad S, Hu H, Hou Y, Moreno-García P, Zana A, Wiberg GKH, Broekmann P, Arenz M. Testing a Silver Nanowire Catalyst for the Selective CO₂ Reduction in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Half-cell Setup Enabling High Mass Transport Conditions. Chimia (Aarau) 2019; 73:922-927. [PMID: 31753073 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2019.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the application of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup for benchmarking electrocatalysts for the reductive conversion of CO₂ (CO₂ RR: CO₂ reduction reaction). Applying a silver nanowire (Ag-NW) based catalyst, it is demonstrated that in the GDE setup conditions can be reached, which are relevant for the industrial conversion of CO₂ to CO. This reaction is part of the so-called 'Rheticus' process that uses the CO for the subsequent production of butanol and hexanol based on a fermentation approach. In contrast to conventional half-cell measurements using a liquid electrolyte, in the GDE setup CO₂ RR current densities comparable to technical cells (>100 mA cm-2) are reached without suffering from mass transport limitations of the CO₂ reactant gas. The results are of particular importance for designing CO₂ RR catalysts exhibiting high faradaic efficiencies towards CO at technological reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Alinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012
| | - Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012
| | - Gustav K H Wiberg
- Department of Physical Science, Harold Washington College, City colleges of Chicago, 30 E Lake St, Chicago, IL 60601 USA
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012;,
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012;,
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40
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Bodappa N, Fu YC, Broekmann P, Furrer J, Zick K, Vesztergom S, Tahara H, Sagara T. Electron transfer controlled by solvent and counter-anion dynamics in electrochemistry of viologen-type ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Dutta A, Bizzotto F, Quinson J, Zana A, Morstein CE, Rahaman MA, López AC, Arenz M, Broekmann P. Catalyst Development for Water/CO₂ Co-electrolysis. Chimia (Aarau) 2019; 73:707-713. [PMID: 31514770 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2019.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we discuss recent research activities on the electrochemical water/CO₂ co-electrolysis at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the University of Bern (Arenz and Broekmann research groups). For the electrochemical conversion of the greenhouse gas CO₂ into products of higher value catalysts for two half-cell reactions need to be developed, i.e. catalysts for the reductive conversion of CO₂ (CO₂RR) as well as catalysts for the oxidative splitting of water (OER: Oxygen Evolution Reaction). In research, the catalysts are often investigated independently of each other as they can later easily be combined in a technical electrolysis cell. CO₂RR catalysts consist of abundant materials such as copper and silver and thus mainly the product selectivity of the respective catalyst is in focus of the investigation. In contrast to that, OER catalysts (in acidic conditions) mainly consist of precious metals, e.g. Ir, and therefore the minimization of the catalytic current per gram Ir is of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern
| | - Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitets parken 5, Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern
| | | | - Motiar A Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern
| | - Alena Cedeño López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern;,
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern;,
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42
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Hou Y, Bolat S, Bornet A, Romanyuk YE, Guo H, Moreno-García P, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Lai Z, Müller U, Grozovski V, Broekmann P. Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sami Bolat
- Laboratory of Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Aline Bornet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yaroslav E. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Huizhang Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhiqiang Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Nanoscale Materials Science, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Vitali Grozovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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43
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Hou Y, Erni R, Widmer R, Rahaman M, Guo H, Fasel R, Moreno‐García P, Zhang Y, Broekmann P. Synthesis and Characterization of Degradation‐Resistant Cu@CuPd Nanowire Catalysts for the Efficient Production of Formate and CO from CO
2. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy CenterEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Huizhang Guo
- Wood Materials Science Institute for Building MaterialsETH Zürich Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Pavel Moreno‐García
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Electron Microscopy CenterEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
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Rudnev AV, Kiran K, Cedeño López A, Dutta A, Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Broekmann P. Enhanced electrocatalytic CO formation from CO2 on nanostructured silver foam electrodes in ionic liquid/water mixtures. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gálvez‐Vázquez MDJ, Moreno‐García P, Guo H, Hou Y, Dutta A, Waldvogel SR, Broekmann P. Leaded Bronze Alloy as a Catalyst for the Electroreduction of CO
2. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Moreno‐García
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Huizhang Guo
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building MaterialsETH Zürich Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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46
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Vasilyev DV, Rudnev AV, Broekmann P, Dyson PJ. A General and Facile Approach for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Inspired by Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:1635-1639. [PMID: 30811822 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied to the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). Choline-based DESs represent a non-toxic and inexpensive alternative to room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as additives to the system or as electrolyte. Following the study on choline-based DESs this approach was generalized and simple and organic-soluble systems were devised based on the combination of organic chloride salts with ethylene glycol (EG), allowing the chlorides to be readily used as cocatalysts in the CO2 RR. This approach negates the need for anion exchange and, because the chloride salt is usually the least expensive one, substantially reduces the cost of the electrolyte and opens the way for high-throughput experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Vasilyev
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospekt 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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47
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Füeg M, Borjas Z, Estevez-Canales M, Esteve-Núñez A, Pobelov IV, Broekmann P, Kuzume A. Interfacial electron transfer between Geobacter sulfurreducens and gold electrodes via carboxylate-alkanethiol linkers: Effects of the linker length. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 126:130-136. [PMID: 30590223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Geobacter sulfurreducens (Gs) attachment and biofilm formation on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxyl-terminated alkanethiol linkers with varied chain length on gold (Au) was investigated by electrochemical and microscopic methods to elucidate the effect of the surface modification on the current production efficiency of Gs cells and biofilms. At the initial stage of the cell attachment, the electrochemical activity of Gs cells at a submonolayer coverage on the SAM-Au surface was independent of the linker length. Subsequently, multiple potential cyclings indicated that longer linkers provided more biocompatible conditions for Gs cells than shorter ones. For Gs biofilms, on the other hand, the turnover current decreased exponentially with the linker length. During the biofilm formation, bacteria need to adjust from the initial planktonic state to an electrode-respiring state, which was triggered by a strong electrochemical stress found for shorter linkers, resulting in the formation of mature biofilms. Our results suggest that the initial cell attachment and the biofilm formation are two inherently different processes. Therefore, the effects of linker molecules, electron transfer efficiency and biocompatibility, must be explored simultaneously to understand both processes to increase the current production of electrogenic microorganisms in microbial fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Füeg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Z Borjas
- IMDEA WATER, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estevez-Canales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Esteve-Núñez
- IMDEA WATER, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - I V Pobelov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - P Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - A Kuzume
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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48
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Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Broekmann P, Rudnev AV. Underpotential Deposition of Silver on Au(111) from an Air‐ and Water‐Stable Ionic Liquid Visualized by In‐Situ STM. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Ehrenburg
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena B. Molodkina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alexander V. Rudnev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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49
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Moreno-García P, Schlegel N, Zanetti A, Cedeño López A, Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Dutta A, Rahaman M, Broekmann P. Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to CO on Zn-Based Foams Produced by Cu 2+ and Template-Assisted Electrodeposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:31355-31365. [PMID: 30136836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to develop a Zn-based metal foam catalyst with very large specific area suitable for efficient CO production. Its manufacture is based on the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method that consists of the superposition of metal deposition and hydrogen evolution at the solid-liquid interface. We employed Cu ions in the Zn2+-rich electroplating bath as foaming agent. The concentration of Cu as foaming agent was systematically studied and an optimized Zn94Cu6 foam alloy was developed, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the most selective Zn-based CO2 electrocatalyst toward CO in aqueous bicarbonate solution (FECO = 90% at -0.95 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). This high efficiency is ascribed to the combination of high density of low-coordinated active sites and preferential Zn(101) over Zn(002) texturing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations demonstrate that the actual catalyst material is shaped upon reduction of an oxide/hydroxide-terminating surface under CO2 electrolysis conditions. Moreover, intentional stressing by oxidation at room conditions proved to be beneficial for further activation of the catalyst. Identical location scanning electron microscopy imaging before and after CO2 electrolysis and long-term electrolysis experiments also showed that the developed Zn94Cu6 foam catalyst is both structurally and chemically stable at reductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | - Alberto Zanetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | - Alena Cedeño López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | | | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
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50
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Dutta A, Morstein CE, Rahaman M, Cedeño López A, Broekmann P. Beyond Copper in CO2 Electrolysis: Effective Hydrocarbon Production on Silver-Nanofoam Catalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Carina Elisabeth Morstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Alena Cedeño López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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