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Mim JJ, Hasan M, Chowdhury MS, Ghosh J, Mobarak MH, Khanom F, Hossain N. A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29244. [PMID: 38628721 PMCID: PMC11016983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the immense capacity of nanowires, nanostructures characterized by unbounded dimensions, to profoundly transform the field of biomedicine. Nanowires, which are created by combining several materials using techniques such as electrospinning and vapor deposition, possess distinct mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. As a result, they are well-suited for use in nanoscale electronic devices, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, and other applications. The utilization of techniques such as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) approach and template-assisted approaches enables the achievement of precision in synthesis. This precision allows for the customization of characteristics, which in turn enables the capability of intracellular sensing and accurate drug administration. Nanowires exhibit potential in biomedical imaging, neural interfacing, and tissue engineering, despite obstacles related to biocompatibility and scalable manufacturing. They possess multifunctional capabilities that have the potential to greatly influence the intersection of nanotechnology and healthcare. Surmounting present obstacles has the potential to unleash the complete capabilities of nanowires, leading to significant improvements in diagnostics, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and next-generation point-of-care medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jannat Mim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakil Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Jubaraz Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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2
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Anwar N, Sajid MM, Iqbal MA, Zhai H, Ahmed M, Anwar B, Morsy K, Capangpangan RY, Alguno AC, Choi JR. Synthesis and Characterization of Ferric Vanadate Nanorods for Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15450-15457. [PMID: 37151528 PMCID: PMC10157664 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of ferric vanadate (FeVO4) via a facile hydrothermal method, focusing on demonstrating its exceptional electrochemical (EC) properties on detecting low-density ascorbic acid (AA). The phase purity, crystallinity, structure, morphology, and chemical compositional properties were characterized by employing X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. EC impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were also adopted in order to assess the EC response of a FeVO4-modified glassy carbon electrode for sensing AA at room temperature. The AA concentration range adopted in this experiment is 0.1-0.3 mM at a working electric potential of -0.13 V. The result showed functional excellence of this material for the EC determination of AA with good stability and reproducibility, promising its potentiality in connection with relevant sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anwar
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Munir Sajid
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifa Zhai
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Henan 453007, China
| | - Muqarrab Ahmed
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bushra Anwar
- Institute
of Entomology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road,
Yang-ling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- Department
of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College
of Marine and Allied Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan, Poblacion, Naawan 9023, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Department
of Physics, Premier Research Institute of
Science and Mathematics (PRISM) Mindanao State University—Iligan
Institute of Technology, Tibanga Highway, Iligan City 9200 Philippines
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic
of Korea
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Ray U, Sarkar S, Banerjee D. Silicon Nanowires as an Efficient Material for Hydrogen Evolution through Catalysis: A Review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Yang GG, Choi HJ, Han KH, Kim JH, Lee CW, Jung EI, Jin HM, Kim SO. Block Copolymer Nanopatterning for Nonsemiconductor Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12011-12037. [PMID: 35230079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning has emerged as a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool for semiconductor devices and other applications, because of its ability to organize well-defined, periodic nanostructures with a critical dimension of 5-100 nm. While the most promising application field of BCP nanopatterning has been semiconductor devices, the versatility of BCPs has also led to enormous interest from a broad spectrum of other application areas. In particular, the intrinsically low cost and straightforward processing of BCP nanopatterning have been widely recognized for their large-area parallel formation of dense nanoscale features, which clearly contrasts that of sophisticated processing steps of the typical photolithographic process, including EUV lithography. In this Review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications. Notable examples relying on BCP nanopatterning, including nanocatalysts, sensors, optics, energy devices, membranes, surface modifications and other emerging applications, are summarized. We further discuss the current limitations of BCP nanopatterning and suggest future research directions to open up new potential application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyo Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin Ino Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Hu XH, Xiong S. Fabrication of Nanodevices Through Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.762996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly, as a novel bottom-up patterning technique, has received increasing attention in the manufacture of nanodevices because of its significant advantages of high resolution, high throughput, low cost, and simple processing. BCP self-assembly provides a very powerful approach to constructing diverse nanoscale templates and patterns that meet large-scale manufacturing practices. For the past 20 years, the self-assembly of BCPs has been extensively employed to produce a range of nanodevices, such as nonvolatile memory, bit-patterned media (BPM), fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs), photonic nanodevices, solar cells, biological and chemical sensors, and ultrafiltration membranes, providing a variety of configurations for high-density integration and cost-efficient manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the fabrication of nanodevices using the templates of BCP self-assembly, and present current challenges and future opportunities.
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Adamu BI, Chen P, Chu W. Role of nanostructuring of sensing materials in performance of electrical gas sensors by combining with extra strategies. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Pinto-Gómez C, Pérez-Murano F, Bausells J, Villanueva LG, Fernández-Regúlez M. Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for the Fabrication of Functional Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2432. [PMID: 33096908 PMCID: PMC7589734 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers is a bottom-up approach to nanofabrication that has attracted high interest in recent years due to its inherent simplicity, high throughput, low cost and potential for sub-10 nm resolution. In this paper, we review the main principles of directed self-assembly of block copolymers and give a brief overview of some of the most extended applications. We present a novel fabrication route based on the introduction of directed self-assembly of block copolymers as a patterning option for the fabrication of nanoelectromechanical systems. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the fabrication of suspended silicon membranes clamped by dense arrays of single-crystal silicon nanowires of sub-10 nm diameter. Resulting devices can be further developed for building up high-sensitive mass sensors based on nanomechanical resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pinto-Gómez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Joan Bausells
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Marta Fernández-Regúlez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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9
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Amin S, Tahira A, Solangi AR, Mazzaro R, Ibupoto ZH, Fatima A, Vomiero A. Functional Nickel Oxide Nanostructures for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Amin
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad 67450, Sindh Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
| | - Amber R. Solangi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
| | - Raffaello Mazzaro
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems National Research Council Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080, Sindh Pakistan
| | - Almas Fatima
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
| | - Alberto Vomiero
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences & Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca' Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
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Bas SZ, Cummins C, Borah D, Ozmen M, Morris MA. Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Block Copolymer Templated Iron Oxide Nanopatterns. Anal Chem 2017; 90:1122-1128. [PMID: 29227090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new enzyme-free sensor based on iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanodots fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate via a block copolymer template was developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The self-assembly-based process described here for Fe3O4 formation is a simple, cost-effective, and reproducible process. The H2O2 response of the fabricated electrodes was linear from 2.5 × 10-3 to 6.5 mM with a sensitivity of 191.6 μA mM-1cm-2 and a detection limit of 1.1 × 10-3 mM. The electrocatalytic activity of Fe3O4 nanodots toward the electroreduction of H2O2 was described by cyclic voltammetric and amperometric techniques. The sensor described here has a strong anti-interference ability to a variety of common biological and inorganic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Z Bas
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University , 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Cian Cummins
- AMBER Centre and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dipu Borah
- AMBER Centre and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University , 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Michael A Morris
- AMBER Centre and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Tharmavaram M, Rawtani D, Pandey G. Fabrication routes for one-dimensional nanostructures via block copolymers. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 28546902 PMCID: PMC5423919 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the field which deals with fabrication of materials with dimensions in the nanometer range by manipulating atoms and molecules. Various synthesis routes exist for the one, two and three dimensional nanostructures. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the usage of block copolymers for the synthesis of such nanostructures. Block copolymers are versatile polymers with unique properties and come in many types and shapes. Their properties are highly dependent on the blocks of the copolymers, thus allowing easy tunability of its properties. This review briefly focusses on the use of block copolymers for synthesizing one-dimensional nanostructures especially nanowires, nanorods, nanoribbons and nanofibers. Template based, lithographic, and solution based approaches are common approaches in the synthesis of nanowires, nanorods, nanoribbons, and nanofibers. Synthesis of metal, metal oxides, metal oxalates, polymer, and graphene one dimensional nanostructures using block copolymers have been discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithri Tharmavaram
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 18-A, Near Police Bhavan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007 India
| | - Deepak Rawtani
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 18-A, Near Police Bhavan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007 India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Institute of Research & Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 18-A, Near Police Bhavan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007 India
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Rasappa S, Ghoshal T, Borah D, Senthamaraikannan R, Holmes JD, Morris MA. A Highly Efficient Sensor Platform Using Simply Manufactured Nanodot Patterned Substrates. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13270. [PMID: 26290188 PMCID: PMC4542519 DOI: 10.1038/srep13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is a low-cost means to nanopattern surfaces. Here, we use these nanopatterns to directly print arrays of nanodots onto a conducting substrate (Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass) for application as an electrochemical sensor for ethanol (EtOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The work demonstrates that BCP systems can be used as a highly efficient, flexible methodology for creating functional surfaces of materials. Highly dense iron oxide nanodots arrays that mimicked the original BCP pattern were prepared by an ‘insitu’ BCP inclusion methodology using poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO). The electrochemical behaviour of these densely packed arrays of iron oxide nanodots fabricated by two different molecular weight PS-b-PEO systems was studied. The dual detection of EtOH and H2O2 was clearly observed. The as-prepared nanodots have good long term thermal and chemical stability at the substrate and demonstrate promising electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sozaraj Rasappa
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tandra Ghoshal
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dipu Borah
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ramsankar Senthamaraikannan
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,AMBER (Advanced Material and Bio-Engineering Research Centre), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2, Ireland
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13
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Ghoshal T, Shaw MT, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Reduction and control of domain spacing by additive inclusion: morphology and orientation effects of glycols on microphase separated PS-b-PEO. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 450:141-150. [PMID: 25814102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cylindrical phase polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) was combined with lower molecular weight poly/ethylene glycols at different concentrations and their effect on the microphase separation of BCP thin films were studied. Well-ordered microphase separated, periodic nanostructures were realized using a solvent annealing approach for solution cast thin films. By optimizing solvent exposure time, the nature and concentration of the additives etc. the morphology and orientation of the films can be controlled. The addition of the glycols to PS-b-PEO enables a simple method by which the microdomain spacing of the phase separated BCP can be controlled at dimensions below 50 nm. Most interestingly, the additives results in an expected increase in domain spacing (i.e. pitch size) but in some conditions an unexpected reduction in domain spacing. The pitch size achieved by modification is in the range of 16-31 nm compared to an unmodified BCP system which exhibits a pitch size of 25 nm. The pitch size modification achieved can be explained in terms of chemical structure, solubility parameters, crystallinity and glass transition temperature of the PEO because the additives act as PEO 'stress cracking agents' whereas the PS matrix remains chemically unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandra Ghoshal
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER (Advanced Materials and Biological Engineering Research Centre), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Matthew T Shaw
- Intel Ireland Ltd., Collinstown Industrial Estate, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER (Advanced Materials and Biological Engineering Research Centre), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER (Advanced Materials and Biological Engineering Research Centre), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ross CA, Berggren KK, Cheng JY, Jung YS, Chang JB. Three-dimensional nanofabrication by block copolymer self-assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4386-4396. [PMID: 24706521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of block copolymers are widely seen as enablers for nanoscale fabrication of semiconductor devices, membranes, and other structures, taking advantage of microphase separation to produce well-organized nanostructures with periods of a few nm and above. However, the inherently three-dimensional structure of block copolymer microdomains could enable them to make 3D devices and structures directly, which could lead to efficient fabrication of complex heterogeneous structures. This article reviews recent progress in developing 3D nanofabrication processes based on block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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