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Abdellatif AAH, Younis MA, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Tawfeek HM. Biomedical Applications of Quantum Dots: Overview, Challenges, and Clinical Potential. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1951-1970. [PMID: 35530976 PMCID: PMC9076002 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s357980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the massive advancements in the nanomedicines and their associated research, their translation into clinically-applicable products is still below promises. The latter fact necessitates an in-depth evaluation of the current nanomedicines from a clinical perspective to cope with the challenges hampering their clinical potential. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductors-based nanomaterials with numerous biomedical applications such as drug delivery, live imaging, and medical diagnosis, in addition to other applications beyond medicine such as in solar cells. Nevertheless, the power of QDs is still underestimated in clinics. In the current article, we review the status of QDs in literature, their preparation, characterization, and biomedical applications. In addition, the market status and the ongoing clinical trials recruiting QDs are highlighted, with a special focus on the challenges limiting the clinical translation of QDs. Moreover, QDs are technically compared to other commercially-available substitutes. Eventually, we inspire the technical aspects that should be considered to improve the clinical fate of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Younis
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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Chaperonins: Nanocarriers with Biotechnological Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020503. [PMID: 33671209 PMCID: PMC7922521 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonins are molecular chaperones found in all kingdoms of life, and as such they assist in the folding of other proteins. Structurally, chaperonins are cylinders composed of two back-to-back rings, each of which is an oligomer of ~60-kDa proteins. Chaperonins are found in two main conformations, one in which the cavity is open and ready to recognise and trap unfolded client proteins, and a "closed" form in which folding takes place. The conspicuous properties of this structure (a cylinder containing a cavity that allows confinement) and the potential to control its closure and aperture have inspired a number of nanotechnological applications that will be described in this review.
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Kameta N, Ding W. Stacking of nanorings to generate nanotubes for acceleration of protein refolding. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1629-1638. [PMID: 33331384 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly and photoisomerization of azobenzene-based amphiphilic molecules produced nanorings with an inner diameter of 25 nm and lengths of <40 nm. The nanorings, which consisted of a single bilayer membrane of the amphiphiles, retained their morphology in the presence of a stacking inhibitor; whereas in the absence of the inhibitor, the nanorings stacked into short nanotubes (<500 nm). When subjected to mild heat treatment, these nanotubes joined end-to-end to form nanotubes with lengths of several tens of micrometers. The nanorings and the short and long nanotubes were able to encapsulate proteins and thereby suppress aggregation induced by thermal denaturation. In addition, the nanotubes accelerated refolding of denatured proteins by encapsulating them and then releasing them into the bulk solution; refolding occurred simultaneously with release. In contrast, the nanorings did not accelerate protein refolding. Refolding efficiency increased with increasing nanotube length, indicating that the re-aggregation of the proteins was strictly inhibited by lowering the concentration of the proteins in the bulk solution as the result of the slow release from the longer nanotubes. The migration of the proteins through the long, narrow nanochannels during the release process will also contribute to refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kameta
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Kargozar S, Hoseini SJ, Milan PB, Hooshmand S, Kim H, Mozafari M. Quantum Dots: A Review from Concept to Clinic. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000117. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Institutes of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hae‐Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Abstract
The eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT assists the folding of 10% of cytosolic proteins including many key structural and regulatory proteins. TRiC plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis, and dysfunction of TRiC is closely related to human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. TRiC consists of eight paralogous subunits, each of which plays a specific role in the assembly, allosteric cooperativity, and substrate recognition and folding of this complex macromolecular machine. TRiC-mediated substrate folding is regulated through its ATP-driven conformational changes. In recent years, progresses have been made on the structure, subunit arrangement, conformational cycle, and substrate folding of TRiC. Additionally, accumulating evidences also demonstrate the linkage between TRiC oligomer or monomer and diseases. In this review, we focus on the TRiC structure itself, TRiC assisted substrate folding, TRiC and disease, and the potential therapeutic application of TRiC in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixuan Liu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Kameta N, Matsuzawa T, Yaoi K, Fukuda J, Masuda M. Glycolipid-based nanostructures with thermal-phase transition behavior functioning as solubilizers and refolding accelerators for protein aggregates. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3084-3090. [PMID: 28361133 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of synthetic glycolipids produced nanostructures such as vesicles and nanotubes consisting of bilayer membranes, which underwent a gel-to-liquid crystalline thermal phase transition. Vesicles formed at temperatures above the thermal phase transition temperatures (Tg-l) could solubilize aggregates of denatured proteins by trapping them in the fluid bilayer membranes. Cooling to temperatures below Tg-l caused a morphological transformation into nanotubes that accompanied the thermal phase transition from the fluid to the solid state. This phenomenon allowed the trapped proteins to be quickly released into the bulk solution and simultaneously facilitated the refolding of the proteins. The refolding efficiency strongly depended on the electrostatic attraction between the bilayer membranes of the nanostructures and the proteins. Because of the long shape (>400 nm) of the nanotubes, simple membrane filtration through a pore size of 200 nm led to complete separation and recovery of the refolded proteins (3-9 nm sizes).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kameta
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Karimi M, Zangabad PS, Mehdizadeh F, Malekzad H, Ghasemi A, Bahrami S, Zare H, Moghoofei M, Hekmatmanesh A, Hamblin MR. Nanocaged platforms: modification, drug delivery and nanotoxicity. Opening synthetic cages to release the tiger. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1356-1392. [PMID: 28067384 PMCID: PMC5300024 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocages (NCs) have emerged as a new class of drug-carriers, with a wide range of possibilities in multi-modality medical treatments and theranostics. Nanocages can overcome such limitations as high toxicity caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy or by the nanocarrier itself, due to their unique characteristics. These properties consist of: (1) a high loading-capacity (spacious interior); (2) a porous structure (analogous to openings between the bars of the cage); (3) enabling smart release (a key to unlock the cage); and (4) a low likelihood of unfavorable immune responses (the outside of the cage is safe). In this review, we cover different classes of NC structures such as virus-like particles (VLPs), protein NCs, DNA NCs, supramolecular nanosystems, hybrid metal-organic NCs, gold NCs, carbon-based NCs and silica NCs. Moreover, NC-assisted drug delivery including modification methods, drug immobilization, active targeting, and stimulus-responsive release mechanisms are discussed, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages and challenges. Finally, translation of NCs into clinical applications, and an up-to-date assessment of the nanotoxicology considerations of NCs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedieh Malekzad
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zare
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iran University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 1684613114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hekmatmanesh
- Laboratory of Intelligent Machines, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53810, Finland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Nanomechanics-the whole is more than the sum of its parts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:380201. [PMID: 27517725 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/38/380201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, are often added to polymers and composites to enhance their strength. The extreme mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes suggest an obvious rationale behind this approach. However as Markus Buehler and Isabelle Su at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US highlight in their recent topical review [1] the behaviour that renders nanomaterials soft or strong can be far from trivial, often involving interactions on a range of scales from macrostructures to nanostructures and-in the case of biostructures-the amino acids and proteins they are built from.
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