1
|
Reiber T, Hübner O, Dose C, Yushchenko DA, Resch-Genger U. Fluorophore multimerization on a PEG backbone as a concept for signal amplification and lifetime modulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11882. [PMID: 38789582 PMCID: PMC11126734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent labels have strongly contributed to many advancements in bioanalysis, molecular biology, molecular imaging, and medical diagnostics. Despite a large toolbox of molecular and nanoscale fluorophores to choose from, there is still a need for brighter labels, e.g., for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, that are preferably of molecular nature. This requires versatile concepts for fluorophore multimerization, which involves the shielding of dyes from other chromophores and possible quenchers in their neighborhood. In addition, to increase the number of readout parameters for fluorescence microscopy and eventually also flow cytometry, control and tuning of the labels' fluorescence lifetimes is desired. Searching for bright multi-chromophoric or multimeric labels, we developed PEGylated dyes bearing functional groups for their bioconjugation and explored their spectroscopic properties and photostability in comparison to those of the respective monomeric dyes for two exemplarily chosen fluorophores excitable at 488 nm. Subsequently, these dyes were conjugated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 immunoglobulins to obtain fluorescent conjugates suitable for the labeling of cells and beads. Finally, the suitability of these novel labels for fluorescence lifetime imaging and target discrimination based upon lifetime measurements was assessed. Based upon the results of our spectroscopic studies including measurements of fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and fluorescence decay kinetics we could demonstrate the absence of significant dye-dye interactions and self-quenching in these multimeric labels. Moreover, in a first fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) study, we could show the future potential of this multimerization concept for lifetime discrimination and multiplexing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorge Reiber
- Department of Chemical Biology, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oskar Hübner
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard‑Willstaetter‑Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Dose
- Department of Chemical Biology, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- Department of Chemical Biology, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard‑Willstaetter‑Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Optical Dynamics of Copper-Doped Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) Quantum-Dots Core/Shell Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132277. [PMID: 35808112 PMCID: PMC9268264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, quantum-dot-based core/shell structures have gained significance due to their optical, optoelectronic, and magnetic attributes. Controlling the fluorescence lifetime of QDs shells is imperative for various applications, including light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. In this work, novel Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shell structures were developed to enhance the photoluminescence properties. The objective was to materialize the Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shells by the adaptation of a two-stage high-temperature doping technique. The developed nanostructures were examined with relevant characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) emission/absorption spectroscopy. Studying fluorescence, we witnessed a sharp emission peak at a wavelength of 440 nm and another emission peak at a wavelength of 620 nm, related to the fabricated Cu-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs. Our experimental results revealed that Cu-doped ZnS shells adopted the crystal structure of CdS due to its larger bandgap. Consequently, this minimized lattice mismatch and offered better passivation to any surface defects, resulting in increased photoluminescence. Our developed core/shells are highly appropriate for the development of efficient light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rietsch P, Zeyat M, Hübner O, Hoffmann K, Kutter M, Paskin A, Uhlig J, Lentz D, Resch-Genger U, Eigler S. Substitution Pattern-Controlled Fluorescence Lifetimes of Fluoranthene Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1207-1213. [PMID: 33475384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and emission properties of organic dyes are generally tuned by altering the substitution pattern. However, tuning the fluorescence lifetimes over a range of several 10 ns while barely affecting the spectral features and maintaining a moderate fluorescence quantum yield is challenging. Such properties are required for lifetime multiplexing and barcoding applications. Here, we show how this can be achieved for the class of fluoranthene dyes, which have substitution-dependent lifetimes between 6 and 33 ns for single wavelength excitation and emission. We explore the substitution-dependent emissive properties in the crystalline solid state that would prevent applications. Furthermore, by analyzing dye mixtures and embedding the dyes in carboxy-functionalized 8 μm-sized polystyrene particles, the unprecedented potential of these dyes as labels and encoding fluorophores for time-resolved fluorescence detection techniques is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rietsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Zeyat
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oskar Hübner
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Richard Willstätter Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Richard Willstätter Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kutter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Paskin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Uhlig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Richard Willstätter Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spectral-Time Multiplexing in FRET Complexes of AgInS 2/ZnS Quantum Dot and Organic Dyes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081569. [PMID: 32785050 PMCID: PMC7466523 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, multiplex analysis is very popular, since it allows to detect a large number of biomarkers simultaneously. Traditional multiplex analysis is usually based on changes of photoluminescence (PL) intensity and/or PL band spectral positions in the presence of analytes. Using PL lifetime as an additional parameter might increase the efficiency of multiplex methods. Quantum dots (QDs) can be used as luminescent markers for multiplex analysis. Ternary in-based QDs are a great alternative to the traditional Cd-based one. Ternary QDs possess all advantages of traditional QDs, including tunable photoluminescence in visible range. At the same time ternary QDs do not have Cd-toxicity, and moreover they possess long spectral dependent lifetimes. This allows the use of ternary QDs as a donor for time-resolved multiplex sensing based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the present work, we implemented FRET from AgInS2/ZnS ternary QDs to cyanine dyes absorbing in different spectral regions of QD luminescence with different lifetimes. As the result, FRET-induced luminescence of dyes differed not only in wavelengths but also in lifetimes of luminescence, which can be used for time-resolved multiplex analysis in biology and medicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng X, Huang B, Pu R, Liu H, Zhang T, Widengren J, Zhan Q, Ågren H. Fast upconversion super-resolution microscopy with 10 μs per pixel dwell times. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1563-1569. [PMID: 30644963 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon upconversion super-resolution microscopy is a recently proposed imaging modality, based on lanthanide-doped nanocrystals, which can emit visible emission upon low-intensity near-infrared excitation. This imaging modality exhibits many advantages, including increased imaging depth, high signal-to-noise ratio, low phototoxicity, and high photostability. However, two factors seriously restrict its scanning speed, sometimes even to an intolerable degree; the long lanthanide emission lifetime and the low brightness. For proper imaging, pixel dwell times of several milliseconds are often required. In this work, a facile strategy is proposed to overcome these two obstacles. By adopting a high sensitizer (Yb3+) doping strategy for upconversion nanocrystals, their emission intensity is greatly increased and their emission transients are significantly accelerated, without losing the emission depletion efficiency induced by the depletion laser. This enables the implementation of a very fast upconversion stimulated emission depletion super-resolution microscopy with a scanning speed of 10 μs per pixel. This work opens the possibility for upconversion super-resolution microscopy to capture vital biological activities in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Peng
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu N, Li S, Wang C, Li J. Shell Thickness Dependence of Interparticle Energy Transfer in Core-Shell ZnSe/ZnSe Quantum Dots Doping with Europium. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:115. [PMID: 29687297 PMCID: PMC5913059 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-toxic core-shell ZnSe:Eu/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were prepared through two steps in water solution: nucleation doping and epitaxial shell grown. The structural and morphological characteristics of ZnSe/ZnS:Eu QDs with different shell thickness were explored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The characteristic photoluminescence (PL) intensity of Eu ions was enhanced whereas that of band-edge luminescence and defect-related luminescence of ZnSe QDs was decreased with increasing shell thickness. The transformation of PL intensity revealed an efficient energy transfer process between ZnSe and Eu. The PL intensity ratio of Eu ions (I613) to ZnSe QDs (I B ) under different shell thickness was systemically analyzed by PL spectra and time-resolved PL spectra. The obtained results were in agreement with the theory analysis results by the kinetic theory of energy transfer, revealing that energy was transmitted in the form of dipole-electric dipole interaction. This particular method of adjusting luminous via changing the shell thickness can provide valuable insights towards the fundamental understanding and application of QDs in the field of optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Liu
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Shandong, 256603 China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and Technology and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institure of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Shandong, 256603 China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Shandong, 256603 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bodunov EN, Antonov YA, Simões Gamboa AL. On the origin of stretched exponential (Kohlrausch) relaxation kinetics in the room temperature luminescence decay of colloidal quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:114102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Bodunov
- Department of Physics, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 190031 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu. A. Antonov
- Department of Physics, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 190031 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. L. Simões Gamboa
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shikha S, Salafi T, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Versatile design and synthesis of nano-barcodes. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7054-7093. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a critical discussion on the versatile designing and usage of nano-barcodes for various existing and emerging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shikha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- 117583 Singapore
| | - Thoriq Salafi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- 117583 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering
| | - Jinting Cheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- 117583 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carrillo-Carrion C, Escudero A, Parak WJ. Optical sensing by integration of analyte-sensitive fluorophore to particles. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|