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Sato T, Hayashi M. [Verification of Image Reconstruction Method and Collimator Suitable for Quantitative Analysis of Striatum in Dopamine Transporter Scintigraphy]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 76:193-202. [PMID: 32074528 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2020_jsrt_76.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Specific binding ratio (SBR) is mainly used as a quantitative index of dopamine transporter scintigraphy, although it was reported that standardized uptake value (SUV) is useful for clinical diagnosis in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether xSPECT is useful for SUV in dopamine transporter scintigraphy. xSPECT is a recently developed, high-resolution image reconstruction technique that transforms single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to a computed tomography (CT) coordinate system. Furthermore, low-penetration high-resolution (LPHR), which there has been no previous physical evaluation report was also evaluated. The radioactive concentration of the image with xSPECT is automatically calculated by the periodic sensitivity calibration and one volume sensitivity calibration. In the case of images with conventional reconstruction methods as filtered back projection (FBP) and ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), the calibration factor related to the photon count and radioactive concentration was calculated from measuring a cylinder phantom filled with Iodine-123. Radioactive concentrations of the SUV factor were measured by SPECT data acquisition with the striatal phantom in various conditions. Radioactive concentrations with conventional reconstruction methods had a lower value (for example, with FBP it was 7.53 kBq/ml, with OSEM it was 7.22 kBq/ml) compared to the actual measurement value, although that with xSPECT (12.45 kBq/ml) got close to the actual measurement value (14.68 kBq/ml). LPHR showed an approximation to low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) in terms of spatial resolution and scatter fraction estimated from energy windows. The quantitative accuracy of radioactive concentration was the highest under xSPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sato
- Department of Radiology, Chiba Municipal Aoba Hospital
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Iwabuchi Y, Nakahara T, Kameyama M, Yamada Y, Hashimoto M, Ogata Y, Matsusaka Y, Katagiri M, Itoh K, Osada T, Ito D, Tabuchi H, Jinzaki M. Quantitative evaluation of the tracer distribution in dopamine transporter SPECT for objective interpretation. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:363-371. [PMID: 29654576 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantification of the tracer distribution would add objectivity to the visual assessments of dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data. Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of fractal dimension (FD) as a quantitative indicator of tracer distribution and compared with the conventional quantitative value: specific binding ratio (SBR). We also evaluated the utility of the combined index SBR/FD (SBR divided by FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted both clinical and phantom studies. In the clinical study, 150 patients including 110 patients with Parkinsonian syndrome (PS) and 40 without PS were enrolled. In the phantom study, we used a striatal phantom with the striatum chamber divided into two spaces, representing the caudate nucleus and putamen. The SBR, FD, and SBR/FD were calculated and compared between datasets for evaluating the diagnostic utility. Mann-Whitney test and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS ROC analysis revealed that the FD value had high diagnostic performance [the areas under the curve (AUC) = 0.943] and the combined use of SBR and FD (SBR/FD) delivered better results than the SBR alone (AUC, 0.964 vs 0.899; p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, were 79.1, 85.0, and 80.7% with SBR, 84.5, 97.5, and 88.0% with FD, and 92.7, 87.5, and 91.3% with SBR/FD. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that the FD value is a useful diagnostic index, which reflects the tracer distribution in DAT SPECT images. The combined use of SBR and FD was more useful than either used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Iwabuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tadaki Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kameyama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohji Matsusaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Katagiri
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Osada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Sato T, Hayashi M. [Basic Evaluation of Standardized Uptake Value Using SPECT Single Unit to Compare with Specific Binding Ratio in Dopamine Transporter Scintigraphy]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2018; 74:1129-1137. [PMID: 30344209 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2018_jsrt_74.10.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific binding ratio (SBR) is mainly used as a quantitative index of dopamine transporter scintigraphy, nevertheless, the striatal volume which is influenced by individual differences and aging is calculated as a fixed value. Therefore, standardized uptake value (SUV) calculated with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) single unit was compared with SBR. A cylinder phantom filled with Iodine-123 was measured and the calibration factor (CF) was calculated from the count rate per volume. The conditions that SBR calculated using the striatal phantom and the radioactivity concentration calibrated and calculated by CF approximate the actual measured value were determined. There was a strong positive correlation between SBR and SUV with 16 clinical cases in Pearson's correlation coefficient (r>0.7). Moreover, a statistical analysis between the normal and diseased groups for SBR and SUV showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of SUV was 0.875, which was useful for clinical diagnosis; however, SBR had a higher diagnostic accuracy. SBR is considered to be suitable for quantitative analysis with SPECT single unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sato
- Department of Radiology, Chiba Municipal Aoba Hospital
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Tupala E, Tiihonen J. Dopamine and alcoholism: neurobiological basis of ethanol abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28:1221-47. [PMID: 15588749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the dopamine (DA) system in brain reward mechanisms and the development of substance abuse has been well established. We review earlier animal and human studies on DA and alcoholism with some relevant issues relating to those studies. The present animal and human data suggest several alterations in the DA system in the context of alcoholism. Receptor studies imply that DA D(2) receptor density and function are lower at least among type 1 alcoholics, which suggests that they could benefit from drugs that enhance DAergic activity, such as partial DA agonists. These drugs could help to restore suboptimal levels of DAergic activity by reducing both the craving for alcohol in abstinence and the euphoria subsequent to alcohol's release of DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), thus providing negative reinforcement for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkki Tupala
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, FIN-70240 Kuopio, Finland.
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Tupala E, Kuikka JT, Hall H, Bergström K, Särkioja T, Räsänen P, Mantere T, Hiltunen J, Vepsäläinen J, Tiihonen J. Measurement of the striatal dopamine transporter density and heterogeneity in type 1 alcoholics using human whole hemisphere autoradiography. Neuroimage 2001; 14:87-94. [PMID: 11525341 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in the positive reinforcing and addicting effects of alcohol. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies have indicated alterations in striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) and in presynaptic dopamine (DA) function in alcoholics, although also contradictory results have been reported. Normal variations in blood flow, metabolism, and receptor densities are apparently important to brain function. Such variations are known to decrease during pathophysiological processes, such as epilepsy, whereas normal receptor distributions are broadly heterogenous. We evaluated the densities and heterogeneities of striatal DAT in 8 adult-onset, Cloninger type I alcoholics and 10 controls using [125I]N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta- (4'-methylphenyl)nortropane ([125I]PE2I) as a ligand for human postmortem whole hemisphere autoradiography, which provided high resolution images of the brain when compared with in vivo PET and SPET. The mean density and heterogeneity of DAT were markedly lower in the alcoholics. A significant linear correlation existed between DAT density and heterogeneity, as well as between DAT densities in the nucleus accumbens and in the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen) in alcoholics, but not consistently in controls. The observed low DAT density and heterogeneity in the dorsal striatum suggest that type 1 alcoholics may have a dysfunctional DA system. These data indicate that human whole hemisphere autoradiography with the analysis of binding heterogeneity may be a relevant tool to measure pathological processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tupala
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Finland
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Kuikka JT, Repo E, Bergström KA, Tupala E, Tiihonen J. Specific binding and laterality of human extrastriatal dopamine D2/D3 receptors in late onset type 1 alcoholic patients. Neurosci Lett 2000; 292:57-9. [PMID: 10996449 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Late onset type 1 alcoholism has been suggested to be associated with decreased dopaminergic transmission. Our hypothesis was that late onset type 1 alcoholics have also abnormal extrastriatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor distribution. We performed binding, heterogeneity and laterality analysis of extrastriatal and striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in nine late onset male alcoholics and in 12 age-matched healthy males. A radioligand, [(123)I]epidepride was used in high resolution single-photon emission tomography (SPET). Specific binding of epidepride in the left temporal pole was significantly (P<0.05) lower in type 1 alcoholics (0.74+/-0.14 ml/ml) than in controls (0.89+/-0.14 ml/ml). In alcoholics, there was no normal left-to-right asymmetry of the temporal cortical heterogeneity of epidepride distribution observed in control males (0.89+/-0.19 vs. 1.10+/-0.19; P<0.05). The results suggest that the specific binding of dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in late type 1 alcoholics is decreased and its laterality in the temporal brain is altered from normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kuikka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kuopio University Hospital, FIN-70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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Kuikka JT, Kettunen R, Tikanoja T, Länsimies E. Transit time heterogeneity of bolus flow through the heart and lungs in patients with left-to-right intracardiac shunt. Physiol Meas 1999; 20:207-14. [PMID: 10390023 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/20/2/310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the contributions of transit time heterogeneity to the cardiopulmonary system is important for understanding cardiopulmonary function in patients with intracardiac shunt. We determined the heterogeneity of blood transit times occurring between the right atrium and the left ventricle. Eighty two patients with suspected left-to right shunt were investigated with first-pass 99mTc-labelled red blood cell radiocardiography at supine rest. Forty two of them had a pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) of less than 1.2 and they served as a control group. The remaining study subjects had a Qp:Qs ratio of 1.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SD). The patients with shunt had significantly greater (p < 0.001) heterogeneity of transit times (49 +/- 9%) than in the controls (39 +/- 7%). Overall heterogeneity of cardiopulmonary transit times in patients with shunt showed a curvature relationship; the highest values were centred in patients with moderate to severe shunt (1.5 < Qp:Qs < 2.5). The results suggest that the increased heterogeneity of transit times mainly occurs within the pulmonary capillary bed in patients with intracardiac shunt. This is probably due to the recruitment of the open capillaries without vessel distension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kuikka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
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Kuikka JT, Tiihonen J, Bergström KA, Karhu J, Räsänen P, Eronen M. Abnormal structure of human striatal dopamine re-uptake sites in habitually violent alcoholic offenders: a fractal analysis. Neurosci Lett 1998; 253:195-7. [PMID: 9792244 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Both animal and human studies imply that aggressive behaviour is associated with increased dopaminergic transmission. Our hypothesis was that impulsive violent offenders have also higher heterogeneity of the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density than controls. We performed a fractal analysis in 21 impulsive violent offenders, 10 non-violent alcoholics and 21 controls to measure the heterogeneity and laterality of the striatal DAT density characterised by [123I]beta-CIT single-photon emission tomography (SPET). The [123I]beta-CIT distribution was significantly more heterogeneous in the right striatum of violent offenders than in healthy controls. In addition, in young violent offenders there was no normal left-to-right asymmetry observed in control subjects of the same age. The normalisation of the left-to-right asymmetry may reflect late neurobiological maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kuikka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
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