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Tuovinen R, Pavlyukh Y, Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Time-Linear Quantum Transport Simulations with Correlated Nonequilibrium Green's Functions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:246301. [PMID: 37390445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.246301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-linear scaling method to simulate open and correlated quantum systems out of equilibrium. The method inherits from many-body perturbation theory the possibility to choose selectively the most relevant scattering processes in the dynamics, thereby paving the way to the real-time characterization of correlated ultrafast phenomena in quantum transport. The open system dynamics is described in terms of an "embedding correlator" from which the time-dependent current can be calculated using the Meir-Wingreen formula. We show how to efficiently implement our approach through a simple grafting into recently proposed time-linear Green's function methods for closed systems. Electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions can be treated on equal footing while preserving all fundamental conservation laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tuovinen
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Finland
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Y Pavlyukh
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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2
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Alihosseini M, Ghasemi S, Ahmadkhani S, Alidoosti M, Esfahani DN, Peeters FM, Neek-Amal M. Electronic Properties of Oxidized Graphene: Effects of Strain and an Electric Field on Flat Bands and the Energy Gap. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:66-74. [PMID: 34958221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A multiscale modeling and simulation approach, including first-principles calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, and a tight binding approach, is employed to study band flattening of the electronic band structure of oxidized monolayer graphene. The width of flat bands can be tuned by strain, the external electric field, and the density of functional groups and their distribution. A transition to a conducting state is found for monolayer graphene with impurities when it is subjected to an electric field of ∼1.0 V/Å. Several parallel impurity-induced flat bands appear in the low-energy spectrum of monolayer graphene when the number of epoxy groups is changed. The width of the flat band decreases with an increase in tensile strain but is independent of the electric field strength. Here an alternative and easy route for obtaining band flattening in thermodynamically stable functionalized monolayer graphene is introduced. Our work discloses a new avenue for research on band flattening in monolayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alihosseini
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee University, Lavizan, Tehran 16785-136, Iran
| | - S Ghasemi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee University, Lavizan, Tehran 16785-136, Iran
| | - S Ahmadkhani
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee University, Lavizan, Tehran 16785-136, Iran
| | - M Alidoosti
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran 1991633357, Iran
| | - D Nasr Esfahani
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran 1991633357, Iran
- Department of Converging Technologies, Khatam University, Tehran 1991633357, Iran
| | - F M Peeters
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Neek-Amal
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee University, Lavizan, Tehran 16785-136, Iran
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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3
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Perfetto E, Pavlyukh Y, Stefanucci G. Real-Time GW: Toward an Ab Initio Description of the Ultrafast Carrier and Exciton Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:016801. [PMID: 35061448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.016801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of the time-linear scaling formulation of the GW method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 076601 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.124.076601] for ab initio simulations of optically driven two-dimensional materials. The time-dependent GW equations are derived and solved numerically in the basis of Bloch states. We address carrier multiplication and relaxation in photoexcited graphene and find deviations from the typical exponential behavior predicted by the Markovian Boltzmann approach. For a resonantly pumped semiconductor we discover a self-sustained screening cascade leading to the Mott transition of coherent excitons. Our results draw attention to the importance of non-Markovian and dynamical screening effects in out-of-equilibrium phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Y Pavlyukh
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Armstrong GSJ, Khokhlova MA, Labeye M, Maxwell AS, Pisanty E, Ruberti M. Dialogue on analytical and ab initio methods in attoscience. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2021; 75:209. [PMID: 34720730 PMCID: PMC8550504 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The perceived dichotomy between analytical and ab initio approaches to theory in attosecond science is often seen as a source of tension and misconceptions. This Topical Review compiles the discussions held during a round-table panel at the 'Quantum Battles in Attoscience' cecam virtual workshop, to explore the sources of tension and attempt to dispel them. We survey the main theoretical tools of attoscience-covering both analytical and numerical methods-and we examine common misconceptions, including the relationship between ab initio approaches and the broader numerical methods, as well as the role of numerical methods in 'analytical' techniques. We also evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of analytical as well as numerical and ab initio methods, together with their role in scientific discovery, told through the case studies of two representative attosecond processes: non-sequential double ionisation and resonant high-harmonic generation. We present the discussion in the form of a dialogue between two hypothetical theoreticians, a numericist and an analytician, who introduce and challenge the broader opinions expressed in the attoscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. J. Armstrong
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN UK
| | - Margarita A. Khokhlova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Marie Labeye
- CNRS, PASTEUR, Département de chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew S. Maxwell
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Emilio Pisanty
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Karlsson D, van Leeuwen R, Pavlyukh Y, Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Fast Green's Function Method for Ultrafast Electron-Boson Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:036402. [PMID: 34328754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of electrons with quantized phonons and photons underlies the ultrafast dynamics of systems ranging from molecules to solids, and it gives rise to a plethora of physical phenomena experimentally accessible using time-resolved techniques. Green's function methods offer an invaluable interpretation tool since scattering mechanisms of growing complexity can be selectively incorporated in the theory. Currently, however, real-time Green's function simulations are either prohibitively expensive due to the cubic scaling with the propagation time or do neglect the feedback of electrons on the bosons, thus violating energy conservation. We put forward a computationally efficient Green's function scheme which overcomes both limitations. The numerical effort scales linearly with the propagation time while the simultaneous dressing of electrons and bosons guarantees the fulfillment of all fundamental conservation laws. We present a real-time study of the phonon-driven relaxation dynamics in an optically excited narrow band-gap insulator, highlighting the nonthermal behavior of the phononic degrees of freedom. Our formulation paves the way to first-principles simulations of electron-boson systems with unprecedented long propagation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Karlsson
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert van Leeuwen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yaroslav Pavlyukh
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Williams JR, Tancogne-Dejean N, Ullrich CA. Time-Resolved Exciton Wave Functions from Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1795-1805. [PMID: 33577734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a computationally efficient first-principles approach for calculating optical spectra in insulators and semiconductors including excitonic effects. We show how exciton wave functions can be obtained from TDDFT via the Kohn-Sham transition density matrix, both in the frequency-dependent linear-response regime and in real-time propagation. The method is illustrated using one-dimensional model solids. In particular, we show that our approach provides insight into the formation and dissociation of excitons in real time. This opens the door to time-resolved studies of exciton dynamics in materials by means of real-time TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | - Carsten A Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Tuovinen R, van Leeuwen R, Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Electronic transport in molecular junctions: The generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz with initial contact and correlations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094104. [PMID: 33685185 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz (GKBA) offers a computationally inexpensive approach to simulate out-of-equilibrium quantum systems within the framework of nonequilibrium Green's functions. For finite systems, the limitation of neglecting initial correlations in the conventional GKBA approach has recently been overcome [Karlsson et al., Phys. Rev. B 98, 115148 (2018)]. However, in the context of quantum transport, the contacted nature of the initial state, i.e., a junction connected to bulk leads, requires a further extension of the GKBA approach. In this work, we lay down a GKBA scheme that includes initial correlations in a partition-free setting. In practice, this means that the equilibration of the initially correlated and contacted molecular junction can be separated from the real-time evolution. The information about the contacted initial state is included in the out-of-equilibrium calculation via explicit evaluation of the memory integral for the embedding self-energy, which can be performed without affecting the computational scaling with the simulation time and system size. We demonstrate the developed method in carbon-based molecular junctions, where we study the role of electron correlations in transient current signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Tuovinen
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Turku Centre for Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert van Leeuwen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Enrico Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Floquet Topological Phase of Nondriven p-Wave Nonequilibrium Excitonic Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:106401. [PMID: 32955296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nontrivial topology of p-wave superfluids makes these systems attractive candidates in information technology. In this work we report on the topological state of a p-wave nonequilibrium excitonic insulator (NEQ-EI) and show how to steer a nontopological band insulator with bright p excitons toward this state by a suitable laser pulse, thus achieving a dynamical topological phase transition. The underlying mechanism behind the transition is the broken gauge-symmetry of the NEQ-EI which causes self-sustained persistent oscillations of the excitonic condensate and hence a Floquet topological state for high enough exciton densities. We show the formation of Floquet Majorana modes at the boundaries of the open system and discuss unique topological spectral signatures for time-resolved ARPES experiments. We emphasize that the topological properties of a p-wave NEQ-EI arise exclusively from the electron-hole Coulomb interaction as the system is not driven by external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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9
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Cohen G, Galperin M. Green’s function methods for single molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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10
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Perfetto E, Trabattoni A, Calegari F, Nisoli M, Marini A, Stefanucci G. Ultrafast Quantum Interference in the Charge Migration of Tryptophan. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:891-899. [PMID: 31944766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extreme-ultraviolet-induced charge migration in biorelevant molecules is a fundamental step in the complex path leading to photodamage. In this work we propose a simple interpretation of the charge migration recently observed in an attosecond pump-probe experiment on the amino acid tryptophan. We find that the decay of the prominent low-frequency spectral structure with increasing pump-probe delay is due to a quantum beating between two geometrically distinct, almost degenerate charge oscillations. Quantum beating is ubiquitous in these systems, and at least on the few-to-tens of femtosecond time scales, it may dominate over decoherence the line intensities of time-resolved spectra. We also address the experimentally observed phase shift in the charge oscillations of two different amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Our results indicate that a beyond mean-field treatment of the electron dynamics is necessary to reproduce the correct behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Institut fur Experimentalphysik , Universität Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - M Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Marini
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- INFN , Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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Tuovinen R, Covito F, Sentef MA. Efficient computation of the second-Born self-energy using tensor-contraction operations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Tuovinen
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Covito
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A. Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Perfetto E, Sangalli D, Palummo M, Marini A, Stefanucci G. First-Principles Nonequilibrium Green’s Function Approach to Ultrafast Charge Migration in Glycine. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4526-4534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Perfetto
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - D. Sangalli
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - M. Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Marini
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - G. Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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