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Influence of suppressing additive malachite green on superconformal cobalt electrodeposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Riyajuddin S, Pahuja M, Sachdeva PK, Azmi K, Kumar S, Afshan M, Ali F, Sultana J, Maruyama T, Bera C, Ghosh K. Super-Hydrophilic Leaflike Sn 4P 3 on the Porous Seamless Graphene-Carbon Nanotube Heterostructure as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Solar-Driven Overall Water Splitting. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4861-4875. [PMID: 35188366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting using renewable energy resources is an economic and green approach that is immensely enviable for the production of high-purity hydrogen fuel to resolve the currently alarming energy and environmental crisis. One of the effective routes to produce green fuel with the help of an integrated solar system is to develop a cost-effective, robust, and bifunctional electrocatalyst by complete water splitting. Herein, we report a superhydrophilic layered leaflike Sn4P3 on a graphene-carbon nanotube matrix which shows outstanding electrochemical performance in terms of low overpotential (hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 62 mV@10 mA/cm2, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), 169 mV@20 mA/cm2). The outstanding stability of HER at least for 15 days at a high applied current density of 400 mA/cm2 with a minimum loss of potential (1%) in acid medium infers its potential compatibility toward the industrial sector. Theoretical calculations indicate that the decoration of Sn4P3 on carbon nanotubes modulates the electronic structure by creating a higher density of state near Fermi energy. The catalyst also reveals an admirable overall water splitting performance by generating a low cell voltage of 1.482 V@10 mA/cm2 with a stability of at least 65 h without obvious degradation of potential in 1 M KOH. It exhibited unassisted solar energy-driven water splitting when coupled with a silicon solar cell by extracting a high stable photocurrent density of 8.89 mA/cm2 at least for 90 h with 100% retention that demonstrates a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of ∼10.82%. The catalyst unveils a footprint for pure renewable fuel production toward carbon-free future green energy innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Riyajuddin
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Pahuja
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Parrydeep Kaur Sachdeva
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kashif Azmi
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Afshan
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Firdaus Ali
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jenifar Sultana
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Chandan Bera
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
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Riyajuddin S, Azmi K, Pahuja M, Kumar S, Maruyama T, Bera C, Ghosh K. Super-Hydrophilic Hierarchical Ni-Foam-Graphene-Carbon Nanotubes-Ni 2P-CuP 2 Nano-Architecture as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5586-5599. [PMID: 33625208 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting via an electrochemical process to generate hydrogen is an economic and green approach to resolve the looming energy and environmental crisis. The rational design of multicomponent materials with seamless interfaces having robust stability, facile scalability, and low-cost electrocatalysts is a grand challenge to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis. Herein, we report a superhydrophilic homogeneous bimetallic phosphide of Ni2P-CuP2 on Ni-foam-graphene-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heterostructure using facile electrochemical metallization followed by phosphorization without any intervention of metal-oxides/hydroxides. This bimetallic phosphide shows ultralow overpotentials of 12 (HER, hydrogen evolution reaction) and 140 mV (OER, oxygen evolution reaction) at current densities of 10 and 20 mA/cm2 in acidic and alkaline mediums, respectively. The excellent stability lasts for at least for 10 days at a high current density of 500 mA/cm2 without much deviation, inferring the practical utilization of the catalyst toward green fuel production. Undoubtedly, the catalyst is capable enough for overall water splitting at a very low cell voltage of 1.45 V @10 mA/cm2 with an impressive stability of at least 40 h, showing a minimum loss of potential. Theoretical study has been performed to understand the reaction kinetics and d-band shifting among metal atoms in the heterostructure (Ni2P-CuP2) that favor the HER and OER activities, respectively. In addition, the catalyst demonstrates an alternate transformation of solar energy to green H2 production using a standard silicon solar cell. This work unveils a smart design and synthesizes a highly stable electrocatalyst against an attractive paradigm of commercial water electrolysis for renewable electrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Riyajuddin
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kashif Azmi
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Pahuja
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Chandan Bera
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang C. Graphene-supported single-atom catalysts and applications in electrocatalysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:032001. [PMID: 33002887 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbd70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal nanostructures are the most extensively studied heterogeneous catalysts, benefiting from easy separation, regeneration and affordable cost. The size of the supported metal species is one of the decisive factors in determining the activity of heterogeneous catalysts. Particularly, the unsaturated coordination environment of metal atoms preferably act as the active centers, minimizing these metal species can significantly boost the specific activity of every single metal atom. Single-atom catalysts/catalysis (SACs), containing isolated metals atomically dispersed on or coordinated with the surface of a support material, represent the ultimate utilization of supported metals and maximize metal usage efficiency. Graphene, a two-dimensional star material, exhibiting extraordinary physical and chemical properties, has been approved as an excellent platform for constructing SACs. When atomically dispersed metal atoms are strongly anchored on the graphene surface, featuring ultra-high surface area and excellent electronic properties, SACs offer a great potential to significantly innovate the conventional heterogeneous catalysis, especially in the field of electrocatalysis. In this review, a detailed discussion of graphene-supported SACs, including preparation approaches, characterization techniques and applications on typical electrocatalytic reactions is provided. The advantages and unique features of graphene-supported SACs as efficient electrocatalysts and the upcoming challenges for improving their performance and further practical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Congwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
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Ma Z, Zhou S, Zhou C, Xiao Y, Li S, Chan M. Synthesis of Vertical Carbon Nanotube Interconnect Structures Using CMOS-Compatible Catalysts. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101918. [PMID: 32992981 PMCID: PMC7600545 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible methods is essential to integrate the CNT contact and interconnect to nanoscale devices and ultra-dense integrated nanoelectronics. However, the synthesis of high-density CNT array at low-temperature remains a challenging task. The advances in the low-temperature synthesis of high-density vertical CNT structures using CMOS-compatible methods are reviewed. Primarily, recent works on theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations of CNT growth emphasized the critical roles of catalyst design in reducing synthesis temperature and increasing CNT density. In particular, the approach of using multilayer catalyst film to generate the alloyed catalyst nanoparticle was found competent to improve the active catalyst nanoparticle formation and reduce the CNT growth temperature. With the multilayer catalyst, CNT arrays were directly grown on metals, oxides, and 2D materials. Moreover, the relations among the catalyst film thickness, CNT diameter, and wall number were surveyed, which provided potential strategies to control the tube density and the wall density of synthesized CNT array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Ma
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Shaolin Zhou
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Changjian Zhou
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Suwen Li
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Mansun Chan
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
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Corletto A, Shapter JG. Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001778. [PMID: 33437571 PMCID: PMC7788638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next-generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale-resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
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Mini-Review: Modeling and Performance Analysis of Nanocarbon Interconnects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the interconnect delay exceeds the gate delay, the integrated circuit (IC) technology has evolved from a transistor-centric era to an interconnect-centric era. Conventional metallic interconnects face several serious challenges in aspects of performance and reliability. To address these issues, nanocarbon materials, including carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene, have been proposed as promising candidates for interconnect applications. Considering the rapid development of nanocarbon interconnects, this paper is dedicated to providing a mini-review on our previous work and on related research in this field.
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