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Norman JW, Sun SS. A Thermoelectric Polymer Field-Effect Transistor via Iodine-Doped P3HT. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:172. [PMID: 38398902 PMCID: PMC10892832 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Doping can alter certain electronics, including the thermoelectric properties of an organic semiconductor. These alterations may enable viable tunable devices that could be useful in temperature sensing for autonomous controls. Here, we demonstrate a dual-modulation organic field-effect transistor (OFET) where temperature can modulate the current-voltage characteristics of the OFET and gate voltage can modulate the thermoelectric properties of the active layer in the same device. Specifically, Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) was utilized as the host p-type semiconducting polymer, and iodine was utilized as the thermoelectric minority dopant. The finished devices were characterized with a semiconductor analyzer system with temperature controlled using two thermoelectric cooling plates. The FETs with iodine doping levels in the range of 0.25% to 0.5% mole ratio with respect to the P3HT exhibit the greatest on/off ratios. This study also observed that P3HT thin film samples with an intermediate iodine doping concentration of 0.25% mole ratio exhibit an optimal thermoelectric power factor (PF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wayne Norman
- Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Ave., Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
| | - Sam-Shajing Sun
- Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Ave., Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Ave., Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
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Xu Y, Gu Y, Yao Z, Lu S, Wu X, Jiang Z. A flexible, high-efficiency, and low-cost FeS 2@CTS hydrogel film for solar interface water evaporation. CAN J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar interfacial water evaporation to obtain pure water has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this work, based on the excellent optical property of FeS2 and the cross-linking nanostructure of chitosan (CTS), a FeS2@CTS hydrogel composite film for solar interfacial water evaporation was developed by hydrothermal synthesis and the following composite coating technology. The prepared FeS2@CTS presented high solar absorptivity of 95.27% and fast optical response capability. Under the optimized condition, the evaporation rate of pure water reached 3.34 kg m−2 h−1 and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 103.06% under one sun irradiation. In five runs, the evaporation rate of the FeS2@CTS was stable, indicating the excellent cycle stability. Also, in the desalination test, the stable evaporation rate of 1.74 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained in five runs. Due to the simple preparation method, low cost, and outstanding interfacial evaporation property, this FeS2@CTS indicates great potential for the seawater desalination or other photothermal conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanran Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongping Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Songtao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhaohua Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Mortazavifar SL, Salehi MR, Shahraki M, Abiri E. Ultra-thin broadband solar absorber based on stadium-shaped silicon nanowire arrays. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:6. [PMID: 36637569 PMCID: PMC9756262 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires (NWs) affect their absorption properties. Compared to other NWs, the structure proposed here has a simple geometry, while its absorption rate is comparable to that of very complex structures. It is shown that changing the cross-section of NW from circular (or rectangular) to a stadium shape leads to change in the position and the number of absorption modes of the NW. In a special case, these modes result in the maximum absorption inside NWs. Another method used in this paper to attain broadband absorption is utilization of multiple NWs which have different geometries. However, the maximum enhancement is achieved using non-close packed NW. These structures can support more cavity modes, while NW scattering leads to broadening of the absorption spectra. All the structures are optimized using particle swarm optimizations. Using these optimized structures, it is viable to enhance the absorption by solar cells without introducing more absorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Leila Mortazavifar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Modarres Blvd, 71557-13876, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Salehi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Modarres Blvd, 71557-13876, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shahraki
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Daneshgah Blvd, 98613-35856, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abiri
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Modarres Blvd, 71557-13876, Shiraz, Iran
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Chemical Doping of a Silica Matrix with a New Organic Dye from the Group of Heterocyclic Compounds—Chemical, Optical and Surface Characteristics. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on a luminescent dye bound in a silica matrix. The new developed dye from the group of azaheterocyclic compounds was used: 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]quinoxaline. The structure and composition of the dye was examined by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Its absorption and photoluminescence characteristics were tested in solvents of different polarity in UV-Vis range. The films were prepared by sol–gel method and dip-coating technique. The dye was introduced into a sol in the course of a synthesis of the latter. DLS and FTIR measurements of sols were performed. Optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and monochromatic ellipsometry. The surface morphology of the layers was examined by atomic force microscopy. Our investigations showed that the dye bound in the silica matrix does not lose its photoluminescent properties. The emission band at λPL = 550 nm (λex = 365 nm) was recorded for the dye in the matrix. The layers are optically homogeneous with smooth surfaces. Dye doped silica films have RMS surface roughness of 2.17 nm over areas of 2 × 2 μm2. The idea of binding a photoluminescent dye in a silica matrix presented in the paper can be applied in the technology of luminescent solar concentrators.
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Tran VT, Nguyen HQ, Kim YM, Ok G, Lee J. Photonic-Plasmonic Nanostructures for Solar Energy Utilization and Emerging Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2248. [PMID: 33198391 PMCID: PMC7696832 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Issues related to global energy and environment as well as health crisis are currently some of the greatest challenges faced by humanity, which compel us to develop new pollution-free and sustainable energy sources, as well as next-generation biodiagnostic solutions. Optical functional nanostructures that manipulate and confine light on a nanometer scale have recently emerged as leading candidates for a wide range of applications in solar energy conversion and biosensing. In this review, recent research progress in the development of photonic and plasmonic nanostructures for various applications in solar energy conversion, such as photovoltaics, photothermal conversion, and photocatalysis, is highlighted. Furthermore, the combination of photonic and plasmonic nanostructures for developing high-efficiency solar energy conversion systems is explored and discussed. We also discuss recent applications of photonic-plasmonic-based biosensors in the rapid management of infectious diseases at point-of-care as well as terahertz biosensing and imaging for improving global health. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects associated with the existing solar energy conversion and biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Materials Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (V.T.T.); (H.-Q.N.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Materials Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (V.T.T.); (H.-Q.N.)
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Gyeongsik Ok
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Materials Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (V.T.T.); (H.-Q.N.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
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Haslinger MJ, Sivun D, Pöhl H, Munkhbat B, Mühlberger M, Klar TA, Scharber MC, Hrelescu C. Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091866. [PMID: 32957705 PMCID: PMC7559313 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Haslinger
- PROFACTOR GmbH, Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria;
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-7252-885-422
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Hannes Pöhl
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael Mühlberger
- PROFACTOR GmbH, Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria;
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Markus C. Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Calin Hrelescu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.S.); (H.P.); (B.M.); (T.A.K.); (C.H.)
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wu S, Li Y, Lian H, Lévêque G, Grandidier B, Adam PM, Gérard D, Bachelot R, Xu T, Wei B. Hybrid nanostructured plasmonic electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375203. [PMID: 32434165 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab94df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Improved performance in flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is demonstrated by using a hybrid nanostructured plasmonic electrode consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and covered by exfoliated graphene sheets. Such all-solution processed electrodes show high optical transparency and electrical conductivity. When integrated in an OLED with super yellow polyphenylene vinylene as the emissive layer, the plasmon coupling of the NW-NP hybrid plasmonic system is found to significantly enhance the fluorescence, demonstrated by both simulations and photoluminescence measurements, leading to a current efficiency of 11.61 cd A-1 and a maximum luminance of 20 008 cd m-2 in OLEDs. Stress studies reveal a superior mechanical flexibility to the commercial indium-tin-oxide (ITO) counterparts, due to the incorporation of exfoliated graphene sheets. Our results show that these hybrid nanostructured plasmonic electrodes can be applied as an effective alternative to ITO for use in high-performance flexible OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Liu J, Liu X, Wang Y, Gao X, Meng X, Tu G. High Performance Soluble Polyimides from Ladder-Type Fluorinated Dianhydride with Polymorphism. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E546. [PMID: 30966580 PMCID: PMC6415444 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel rigid semi-alicyclic dianhydride 9,10-difluoro-9,10-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (8FDA) was reported, and its single crystal X-ray diffraction result revealed the existence of the polymorphic structure in this compound. The detail geometric configuration transition during the synthesized process was investigated, exhibiting a transition of from trans- to cis- when the hydroxyl groups were substituted by fluoride with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). Compared with the dianhydride 4,4'-(Hexaflouroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 1S,2R,4S,5R-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA), the resulting polyimide (PI) films based on 8FDA exhibited an obviously higher glass transition temperature (Tg, 401 °C) and a much lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, 14 ppm K-1). This indicates that 8FDA is an ideal building block in high-performance soluble PIs with low CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jikang Liu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiangfu Liu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 403052, China.
| | - Xianggao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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