1
|
Nipane A, Choi MS, Sebastian PJ, Yao K, Borah A, Deshmukh P, Jung Y, Kim B, Rajendran A, Kwock KWC, Zangiabadi A, Menon VM, Schuck PJ, Yoo WJ, Hone J, Teherani JT. Damage-Free Atomic Layer Etch of WSe 2: A Platform for Fabricating Clean Two-Dimensional Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1930-1942. [PMID: 33351577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of a controllable, selective, and repeatable etch process is crucial for controlling the layer thickness and patterning of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the atomically thin dimensions and high structural similarity of different 2D materials make it difficult to adapt conventional thin-film etch processes. In this work, we propose a selective, damage-free atomic layer etch (ALE) that enables layer-by-layer removal of monolayer WSe2 without altering the physical, optical, and electronic properties of the underlying layers. The etch uses a top-down approach where the topmost layer is oxidized in a self-limited manner and then removed using a selective etch. Using a comprehensive set of material, optical, and electrical characterization, we show that the quality of our ALE processed layers is comparable to that of pristine layers of similar thickness. The ALE processed WSe2 layers preserve their bright photoluminescence characteristics and possess high room-temperature hole mobilities of 515 cm2/V·s, essential for fabricating high-performance 2D devices. Further, using graphene as a testbed, we demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-clean 2D devices using a sacrificial monolayer WSe2 layer to protect the channel during processing, which is etched in the final process step in a technique we call sacrificial WSe2 with ALE processing (SWAP). The graphene transistors made using the SWAP technique demonstrate high room-temperature field-effect mobilities, up to 200,000 cm2/V·s, better than previously reported unencapsulated graphene devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Nipane
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Min Sup Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Punnu Jose Sebastian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Kaiyuan Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Abhinandan Borah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Prathmesh Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Anjaly Rajendran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Kevin W C Kwock
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - James T Teherani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Worsley R, Pimpolari L, McManus D, Ge N, Ionescu R, Wittkopf JA, Alieva A, Basso G, Macucci M, Iannaccone G, Novoselov KS, Holder H, Fiori G, Casiraghi C. All-2D Material Inkjet-Printed Capacitors: Toward Fully Printed Integrated Circuits. ACS NANO 2019; 13:54-60. [PMID: 30452230 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A well-defined insulating layer is of primary importance in the fabrication of passive ( e.g., capacitors) and active ( e.g., transistors) components in integrated circuits. One of the most widely known two-dimensional (2D) dielectric materials is hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Solution-based techniques are cost-effective and allow simple methods to be used for device fabrication. In particular, inkjet printing is a low-cost, noncontact approach, which also allows for device design flexibility, produces no material wastage, and offers compatibility with almost any surface of interest, including flexible substrates. In this work, we use water-based and biocompatible graphene and hBN inks to fabricate all-2D material and inkjet-printed capacitors. We demonstrate an areal capacitance of 2.0 ± 0.3 nF cm-2 for a dielectric thickness of ∼3 μm and negligible leakage currents, averaged across more than 100 devices. This gives rise to a derived dielectric constant of 6.1 ± 1.7. The inkjet printed hBN dielectric has a breakdown field of 1.9 ± 0.3 MV cm-1. Fully printed capacitors with sub-micrometer hBN layer thicknesses have also been demonstrated. The capacitors are then exploited in two fully printed demonstrators: a resistor-capacitor (RC) low-pass filter and a graphene-based field effect transistor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Worsley
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Pimpolari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università di Pisa , Pisa 56122 , Italy
| | - Daryl McManus
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Ning Ge
- HP Laboratories , 1501 Page Mill Road , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Robert Ionescu
- HP Laboratories , 1501 Page Mill Road , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Jarrid A Wittkopf
- HP Laboratories , 1501 Page Mill Road , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Adriana Alieva
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Basso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università di Pisa , Pisa 56122 , Italy
| | - Massimo Macucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università di Pisa , Pisa 56122 , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università di Pisa , Pisa 56122 , Italy
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Helen Holder
- HP Laboratories , 1501 Page Mill Road , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Gianluca Fiori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università di Pisa , Pisa 56122 , Italy
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|