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Debnath PC, Yeom DI. Ultrafast Fiber Lasers with Low-Dimensional Saturable Absorbers: Status and Prospects. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113676. [PMID: 34070539 PMCID: PMC8198619 DOI: 10.3390/s21113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wide-spectral saturable absorption (SA) in low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials such as zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials has been proven experimentally with outstanding results, including low saturation intensity, deep modulation depth, and fast carrier recovery time. LD nanomaterials can therefore be used as SAs for mode-locking or Q-switching to generate ultrafast fiber laser pulses with a high repetition rate and short duration in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review the recent development of emerging LD nanomaterials as SAs for ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser applications in different dispersion regimes such as anomalous and normal dispersion regimes of the laser cavity operating in the near-infrared region, especially at ~1550 nm. The preparation methods, nonlinear optical properties of LD SAs, and various integration schemes for incorporating LD SAs into fiber laser systems are introduced. In addition to these, externally (electrically or optically) controlled pulsed fiber laser behavior and other characteristics of various LD SAs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing LD SA-based mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Chandra Debnath
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Yeom
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-1937
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Glavin NR, Rao R, Varshney V, Bianco E, Apte A, Roy A, Ringe E, Ajayan PM. Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904302. [PMID: 31667920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As elemental main group materials (i.e., silicon and germanium) have dominated the field of modern electronics, their monolayer 2D analogues have shown great promise for next-generation electronic materials as well as potential game-changing properties for optoelectronics, energy, and beyond. These atomically thin materials composed of single atomic variants of group III through group VI elements on the periodic table have already demonstrated exciting properties such as near-room-temperature topological insulation in bismuthene, extremely high electron mobilities in phosphorene and silicone, and substantial Li-ion storage capability in borophene. Isolation of these materials within the postgraphene era began with silicene in 2010 and quickly progressed to the experimental identification or theoretical prediction of 15 of the 18 main group elements existing as solids at standard pressure and temperatures. This review first focuses on the significance of defects/functionalization, discussion of different allotropes, and overarching structure-property relationships of 2D main group elemental materials. Then, a complete review of emerging applications in electronics, sensing, spintronics, plasmonics, photodetectors, ultrafast lasers, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics is presented by application type, including detailed descriptions of how the material properties may be tailored toward each specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Elisabeth Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Amey Apte
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ajit Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Song Y, You K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jiang X, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zheng J, Xing C, Zhang H. Lead monoxide: a promising two-dimensional layered material for applications in nonlinear photonics in the infrared band. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12595-12602. [PMID: 31231743 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead monoxide (PbO), a novel few-layer two-dimensional (2D) material, was theoretically predicted to have an excellent optical response. Herein, the nonlinear optical response of PbO in the infrared region was experimentally investigated. The feasibility of PbO nanosheets as an effective optical saturable absorber was experimentally verified for the first time. Based on the excellent nonlinear optical characteristics, 2D PbO was fabricated as a passive mode locker by depositing onto a fiber patch cord and by decorating on a microfiber, both of which were successfully applied in fiber lasers for the passive mode locking operation. The mode locking pulses of the fiber laser were as short as 650 fs at 1.5 μm. A pulse duration of 5.47 ps with a 1 μm fiber laser was also experimentally verified. Finally, a PbO-decorated microfiber was fabricated as an optical thresholder that can enhance the SNR of a 1 GHz signal up to 6 dB. This finding might facilitate the development of nonlinear photonic devices with high stability and their practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Kaixi You
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yanqi Ge
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jilin Zheng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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