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Tagawa M, Kaneki H, Kawai T. Conductive Nanosheets Fabricated from Au Nanoparticles on Aqueous Metal Solutions under UV Irradiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:842. [PMID: 38399093 PMCID: PMC10890084 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly transparent, conductive nanosheets are extremely attractive for advanced opto-electronic applications. Previously, we have demonstrated that transparent, conductive Au nanosheets can be prepared by UV irradiation of Au nanoparticle (AuNP) monolayers spread on water, which serves as the subphase. However, thick Au nanosheets cannot be fabricated because the method is not applicable to large Au NPs. Further, in order to fabricate nanosheets with different thicknesses and compositions, it is necessary to prepare the appropriate NPs. A strategy is needed to produce nanosheets with different thicknesses and compositions from a single type of metal NP monolayer. In this study, we show that this UV irradiation technique can easily be extended as a nanosheet modification method by using subphases containing metal ions. UV irradiation of 4.7 nm AuNP monolayers on 480 µM HAuCl4 solution increased the thickness of Au nanosheets from 3.5 nm to 36.5 nm, which improved conductivity, but reduced transparency. On the other hand, the use of aqueous AgNO3 and CH3COOAg solutions yielded Au-Ag hybrid nanosheets; however, their morphologies depended on the electrolytes used. In Au-Ag nanosheets prepared on aqueous 500 µM AgNO3, Au and Ag metals are homogeneously distributed throughout the nanosheet. On the other hand, in Au-Ag nanosheets prepared on aqueous 500 µM CH3COOAg, AuNPs still remained and these AuNPs were covered with a Ag nanosheet. Further, these Au-Ag hybrid nanosheets had high conductivity without reduced transparency. Therefore, this UV irradiation method, modified by adding metal ions, is quite effective at improving and diversifying properties of Au nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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Kumar S, Seo Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37821417 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state-of-the-art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the "Stranski-Krastanov growth," "Frank-van der Merwe growth," and "Volmer-Weber growth" modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and "kirigami"-inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade-offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or "figure of merit (FoM)," "strain engineering," "work function," and "haze" are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade-offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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Bozó É, Ervasti H, Halonen N, Shokouh SHH, Tolvanen J, Pitkänen O, Järvinen T, Pálvölgyi PS, Szamosvölgyi Á, Sápi A, Konya Z, Zaccone M, Montalbano L, De Brauwer L, Nair R, Martínez-Nogués V, San Vicente Laurent L, Dietrich T, Fernández de Castro L, Kordas K. Bioplastics and Carbon-Based Sustainable Materials, Components, and Devices: Toward Green Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49301-49312. [PMID: 34609829 PMCID: PMC8532127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The continuously growing number of short-life electronics equipment inherently results in a massive amount of problematic waste, which poses risks of environmental pollution, endangers human health, and causes socioeconomic problems. Hence, to mitigate these negative impacts, it is our common interest to substitute conventional materials (polymers and metals) used in electronics devices with their environmentally benign renewable counterparts, wherever possible, while considering the aspects of functionality, manufacturability, and cost. To support such an effort, in this study, we explore the use of biodegradable bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), its blends with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and composites with pyrolyzed lignin (PL), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in conjunction with processes typical in the fabrication of electronics components, including plasma treatment, dip coating, inkjet and screen printing, as well as hot mixing, extrusion, and molding. We show that after a short argon plasma treatment of the surface of hot-blown PLA-PHB blend films, percolating networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having sheet resistance well below 1 kΩ/□ can be deposited by dip coating to make electrode plates of capacitive touch sensors. We also demonstrate that the bioplastic films, as flexible dielectric substrates, are suitable for depositing conductive micropatterns of SWCNTs and Ag (1 kΩ/□ and 1 Ω/□, respectively) by means of inkjet and screen printing, with potential in printed circuit board applications. In addition, we exemplify compounded and molded composites of PLA with PL and MWCNTs as excellent candidates for electromagnetic interference shielding materials in the K-band radio frequencies (18.0-26.5 GHz) with shielding effectiveness of up to 40 and 46 dB, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bozó
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Ervasti
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Halonen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Seyed Hossein Hosseini Shokouh
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tolvanen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Pitkänen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Topias Järvinen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petra S Pálvölgyi
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ákos Szamosvölgyi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Konya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Marta Zaccone
- Proplast-Consorzio per la Promozione della Cultura Plastica, Via Roberto di Ferro, 86, 15122 Alessandria (AL), Italy
| | - Luana Montalbano
- Proplast-Consorzio per la Promozione della Cultura Plastica, Via Roberto di Ferro, 86, 15122 Alessandria (AL), Italy
| | - Laurens De Brauwer
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant VZW, Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Desteldonk (Gent), Belgium
| | - Rakesh Nair
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant VZW, Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Desteldonk (Gent), Belgium
| | | | - Leire San Vicente Laurent
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández de Castro
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Krisztian Kordas
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
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Chen G, Wu Z, Xu G, Chen L, Peng Y, Ye C. A reusable wet-transfer printing technique for manufacturing of flexible silver nanowire film-based electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505510. [PMID: 34584022 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2ac3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore a simple and efficient way to fabricate thin film electrodes on flexible substrates is highly desired because of its high promising application in optoelectronics. Transfer printing technique plays a key role in the fabrication of flexible electrodes from conventional substrates to flexible substrates. Unfortunately, a simple, room temperature, environmental-friendly and reusable transfer printing technique still remains challenging. Here we demonstrated a novel water-based wet-transfer printing technique that is simple, room temperature, environmental-friendly and reusable by taking advantage of the adjustment of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between thin film and substrates. This effective and practical transfer technique may provide an effective route to develop electronic flexible devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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Ervasti H, Järvinen T, Pitkänen O, Bozó É, Hiitola-Keinänen J, Huttunen OH, Hiltunen J, Kordas K. Inkjet-Deposited Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Micropatterns on Stretchable PDMS-Ag Substrate-Electrode Structures for Piezoresistive Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27284-27294. [PMID: 34075741 PMCID: PMC8289179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Printed piezoresistive strain sensors based on stretchable roll-to-roll screen-printed silver electrodes on polydimethylsiloxane substrates and inkjet-deposited single-wall carbon nanotube micropatterns are demonstrated in this work. With the optimization of surface wetting and inkjet printing parameters, well-defined microscopic line patterns of the nanotubes with a sheet resistance of <100 Ω/□ could be deposited between stretchable Ag electrodes on the plasma-treated substrate. The developed stretchable devices are highly sensitive to tensile strain with a gauge factor of up to 400 and a pressure sensitivity of ∼0.09 Pa-1, respond to bending down to a radius of 1.5 mm, and are suitable for mounting on the skin to monitor and resolve various movements of the human body such as cardiac cycle, breathing, and finger flexing. This study indicates that inkjet deposition of nanomaterials can complement well other printing technologies to produce flexible and stretchable devices in a versatile manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Ervasti
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan Katu 3, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Topias Järvinen
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan Katu 3, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Pitkänen
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan Katu 3, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Éva Bozó
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan Katu 3, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Jussi Hiltunen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FIN-90590 Oulu, Finland
| | - Krisztian Kordas
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan Katu 3, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
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Coupette F, de Bruijn R, Bult P, Finner S, Miller MA, van der Schoot P, Schilling T. Nearest-neighbor connectedness theory: A general approach to continuum percolation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042115. [PMID: 34005937 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method to estimate continuum percolation thresholds and illustrate its usefulness by investigating geometric percolation of noninteracting line segments and disks in two spatial dimensions. These examples serve as models for electrical percolation of elongated and flat nanofillers in thin film composites. While the standard contact volume argument and extensions thereof in connectedness percolation theory yield accurate predictions for slender nanofillers in three dimensions, they fail to do so in two dimensions, making our test a stringent one. In fact, neither a systematic order-by-order correction to the standard argument nor invoking the connectedness version of the Percus-Yevick approximation yield significant improvements for either type of particle. Making use of simple geometric considerations, our new method predicts a percolation threshold of ρ_{c}l^{2}≈5.83 for segments of length l, which is close to the ρ_{c}l^{2}≈5.64 found in Monte Carlo simulations. For disks of area a we find ρ_{c}a≈1.00, close to the Monte Carlo result of ρ_{c}a≈1.13. We discuss the shortcomings of the conventional approaches and explain how usage of the nearest-neighbor distribution in our method bypasses those complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Coupette
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - René de Bruijn
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 3500 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus Bult
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 3500 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shari Finner
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 3500 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 3500 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Schilling
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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