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Wu D, Guo C, Zeng L, Ren X, Shi Z, Wen L, Chen Q, Zhang M, Li XJ, Shan CX, Jie J. Phase-controlled van der Waals growth of wafer-scale 2D MoTe 2 layers for integrated high-sensitivity broadband infrared photodetection. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36588125 PMCID: PMC9806107 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Being capable of sensing broadband infrared (IR) light is vitally important for wide-ranging applications from fundamental science to industrial purposes. Two-dimensional (2D) topological semimetals are being extensively explored for broadband IR detection due to their gapless electronic structure and the linear energy dispersion relation. However, the low charge separation efficiency, high noise level, and on-chip integration difficulty of these semimetals significantly hinder their further technological applications. Here, we demonstrate a facile thermal-assisted tellurization route for the van der Waals (vdW) growth of wafer-scale phase-controlled 2D MoTe2 layers. Importantly, the type-II Weyl semimetal 1T'-MoTe2 features a unique orthorhombic lattice structure with a broken inversion symmetry, which ensures efficient carrier transportation and thus reduces the carrier recombination. This characteristic is a key merit for the well-designed 1T'-MoTe2/Si vertical Schottky junction photodetector to achieve excellent performance with an ultrabroadband detection range of up to 10.6 µm and a large room temperature specific detectivity of over 108 Jones in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. Moreover, the large-area synthesis of 2D MoTe2 layers enables the demonstration of high-resolution uncooled MIR imaging capability by using an integrated device array. This work provides a new approach to assembling uncooled IR photodetectors based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chenguang Guo
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Long Wen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Jian Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Shin J, Eo JS, Jeon T, Lee T, Wang G. Advances of Various Heterogeneous Structure Types in Molecular Junction Systems and Their Charge Transport Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202399. [PMID: 35975456 PMCID: PMC9596861 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics that can produce functional electronic circuits using a single molecule or molecular ensemble remains an attractive research field because it not only represents an essential step toward realizing ultimate electronic device scaling but may also expand our understanding of the intrinsic quantum transports at the molecular level. Recently, in order to overcome the difficulties inherent in the conventional approach to studying molecular electronics and developing functional device applications, this field has attempted to diversify the electrical characteristics and device architectures using various types of heterogeneous structures in molecular junctions. This review summarizes recent efforts devoted to functional devices with molecular heterostructures. Diverse molecules and materials can be combined and incorporated in such two- and three-terminal heterojunction structures, to achieve desirable electronic functionalities. The heterojunction structures, charge transport mechanisms, and possible strategies for implementing electronic functions using various hetero unit materials are presented sequentially. In addition, the applicability and merits of molecular heterojunction structures, as well as the anticipated challenges associated with their implementation in device applications are discussed and summarized. This review will contribute to a deeper understanding of charge transport through molecular heterojunction, and it may pave the way toward desirable electronic functionalities in molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Department of ChemistryRice University6100 Main StreetHoustonTexas77005United States
| | - Jung Sun Eo
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Takgyeong Jeon
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and AstronomyInstitute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Center for Neuromorphic EngineeringKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Korea
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Reddy B KS, Veeralingam S, Borse PH, Badhulika S. 1D NiO-3D Fe 2O 3mixed dimensional heterostructure for fast response flexible broadband photodetector. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235201. [PMID: 35203065 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional heterojunction photodetectors rely on planar junction architecture which suffer from low interfacial contact area, inferior light absorption characteristics and complex fabrication schemes. Heterojunctions based on mixed dimensional nanostructures such as 0D-1D, 1D-2D, 1D-3D etc have recently garnered exceptional research interest owing to their atomically sharp interfaces, tunable junction properties such as enhanced light absorption cross-section. In this work, a flexible broadband UV-vis photodetector employing mixed dimensional heterostructure of 1D NiO nanofibers and 3D Fe2O3nanoparticles is fabricated. NiO nanofibers were synthesized via economical and scalable electro-spinning technique and made composite with Fe2O3nanoclusters for hetero-structure fabrication. The optical absorption spectra of NiO nanofibers and Fe2O3nanoparticles exhibit peak absorption in UV and visible spectra, respectively. The as-fabricated photodetector displays quick response times of 0.09 s and 0.18 s and responsivities of 5.7 mA W-1(0.03 mW cm-2) and 5.2 mA W-1(0.01 mW cm-2) for UV and visible spectra, respectively. The fabricated NiO-Fe2O3device also exhibits excellent detectivity in the order of 1012jones. The superior performance of the device is ascribed to the type-II heterojunction between NiO-Fe2O3nanostructures, which results in the localized built-in potential at their interface, that aids in the effective carrier separation and transportation. Further, the flexible photodetector displays excellent robustness when bent over ∼1000 cycles thereby proving its potential towards developing reliable, diverse functional opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaar Swamy Reddy B
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Nanomaterials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder, Metallurgy & New Materials, Balapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sushmitha Veeralingam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pramod H Borse
- Centre for Nanomaterials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder, Metallurgy & New Materials, Balapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, India
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Ji P, Yang S, Wang Y, Li K, Wang Y, Suo H, Woldu YT, Wang X, Wang F, Zhang L, Jiang Z. High-performance photodetector based on an interface engineering-assisted graphene/silicon Schottky junction. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35070351 PMCID: PMC8741776 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/silicon Schottky junctions have been proven efficient for photodetection, but the existing high dark current seriously restricts applications such as weak signal detection. In this paper, a thin layer of gadolinium iron garnet (Gd3Fe5O12, GdIG) film is introduced to engineer the interface of a graphene/silicon Schottky photodetector. The novel structure shows a significant decrease in dark current by 54 times at a -2 V bias. It also exhibits high performance in a self-powered mode in terms of an Ilight/Idark ratio up to 8.2 × 106 and a specific detectivity of 1.35 × 1013 Jones at 633 nm, showing appealing potential for weak-light detection. Practical suitability characterizations reveal a broadband absorption covering ultraviolet to near-infrared light and a large linear response with a wide range of light intensities. The device holds an operation speed of 0.15 ms, a stable response for 500 continuous working cycles, and long-term environmental stability after several months. Theoretical analysis shows that the interlayer increases the barrier height and passivates the contact surface so that the dark current is suppressed. This work demonstrates the good capacity of GdIG thin films as interlayer materials and provides a new solution for high-performance photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirui Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Shuming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Kaili Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Hao Suo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yonas Tesfaye Woldu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
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Simulation Study on the Effect of Doping Concentrations on the Photodetection Properties of Mg2Si/Si Heterojunction Photodetector. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To develop and design an environmentally friendly, low-cost shortwave infrared (SWIR) photodetector (PD) material and extend the optical response cutoff wavelengths of existing silicon photodetectors beyond 1100 nm, high-performance silicon-compatible Mg2Si/Si PDs are required. First, the structural model of the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction was established using the Silvaco Atlas module. Second, the effects of the doping concentrations of Mg2Si and Si on the photoelectric properties of the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD, including the energy band, breakdown voltage, dark current, forward conduction voltage, external quantum efficiency (EQE), responsivity, noise equivalent power (NEP), detectivity, on/off ratio, response time, and recovery time, were simulated. At different doping concentrations, the heterojunction energy band shifted, and a peak barrier appeared at the conduction band of the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction interface. When the doping concentrations of Si and Mg2Si layer were 1017, and 1016 cm−3, respectively, the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD could obtain optimal photoelectric properties. Under these conditions, the maximum EQE was 70.68% at 800 nm, the maximum responsivity was 0.51 A/W at 1000 nm, the minimum NEP was 7.07 × 10−11 WHz–1/2 at 1000 nm, the maximum detectivity was 1.4 × 1010 Jones at 1000 nm, and the maximum on/off ratio was 141.45 at 1000 nm. The simulation and optimization result also showed that the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD could be used for visible and SWIR photodetection in the wavelength range from 400 to 1500 nm. The results also provide technical support for the future preparation of eco-friendly heterojunction photodetectors.
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Yu H, Ji S, Luo X, Xie Q. Technology CAD (TCAD) Simulations of Mg 2Si/Si Heterojunction Photodetector Based on the Thickness Effect. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5559. [PMID: 34450998 PMCID: PMC8402298 DOI: 10.3390/s21165559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on infrared detectors has been widely reported in the literature. For infrared detectors, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, and HgxCd1-xTe materials are the most widely used and have been explored for photodetection applications. However, these are toxic and harmful substances which are not conducive to the sustainable development of infrared detectors and are not eco-friendly. Mg2Si is a green, healthy, and sustainable semiconductor material that has the potential to replace these toxic and damaging photoelectric materials, making photoelectric detectors (PDs) green, healthy, and sustainable. In this work, we report on the results of our simulation studies on the PN junction Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD. A model structure of Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD has been built. The effects of Mg2Si and Si layer thickness on the optical and electrical performance of Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD are discussed. For the purpose of this analysis, we consider electrical performance parameters such as I-V curve, external quantum efficiency (EQE), responsivity, noise equivalent power (NEP), detectivity, on-off ratio, response time, and recovery time. The simulation results show that the Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD shows optimum performance when the thickness of Si and Mg2Si layers are 300 nm and 280 nm, respectively. For the optimized structure, the reverse breakdown voltage was found to be -23.61 V, the forward conduction voltage was 0.51 V, the dark current was 5.58 × 10-13 A, and the EQE was 88.98%. The responsivity was found to be 0.437 A/W, the NEP was 6.38 × 10-12 WHz1/2, and the detectivity was 1.567 × 1011 Jones. With the on-off ratio of 1566, the response time was found to be 0.76 ns and the recovery time was 5.75 ns. The EQE and responsivity peak wavelength of PD show a redshift as the thickness of Mg2Si increases. The Mg2Si heterojunction PD can effectively detect infrared light in the wavelength range of 400 to 1400 nm. The simulation results can be utilized to drive the development of green Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- The College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- The College of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;
| | - Shentong Ji
- The College of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;
| | - Xiangyan Luo
- The College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Quan Xie
- The College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.Y.); (X.L.)
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Luo G, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Liu Y, Li W, Zhang J, Hao X, Wang W. Enhanced performance of ZnO nanorod array/CuSCN ultraviolet photodetectors with functionalized graphene layers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7682-7692. [PMID: 35423239 PMCID: PMC8695045 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile, convenient and low-cost processes, including a chemical hydrothermal method and impregnation technique, were demonstrated to fabricate a self-powered ZnO nanorod array/CuSCN/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) ultraviolet photodetector. ZnO nanorods (NRs) were fully filled and encased by the CuSCN layer, in which CuSCN acts as the primary hole-transport layer and an electron reflection layer, blocking the electron transfer towards the Au electrode and reducing the electron-hole pair recombination. After annealing, this encapsulated structure further reduces the surface state defects of ZnO NRs, which can isolate the electron exchange with oxygen in the air, dramatically reducing the rise and fall time; it also forms a p-n junction, providing a built-in electric field to improve the photoresponse without applying external power. The rGO layer was coated on the surface of CuSCN as the secondary hole-transport layer and then annealed, which could effectively block Au from entering CuSCN and contacting ZnO along cracks and holes during vapor deposition, avoiding the formation of leakage channels. Furthermore, due to the ultra-high carrier mobility and the increase in work function after Au doping, the functionalized graphene could reduce the valence band shift, which is beneficial to enhance hole transport. Meanwhile, rGO obstructs the undesired barrier formed by electrical potential-induced reaction of Au with thiocyanate anions. Finally, the ZnO NR/CuSCN/rGO ultraviolet photodetector exhibits a significant enhancement in device performance (responsivity: 18.65 mA W-1 at 375 nm under 65 mW cm-2 illumination, rectification ratio: 5690 at ±1 V), which is better that of than ZnO NR/CuSCN structure (10.88 mA W-1, 10.22 at ±1 V) and maintains the 100 ms response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Ziling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Jingquan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
| | - Xia Hao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610027 China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85412542
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Ismail RA, Rawdhan HA, Ahmed DS. High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag 2S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1596-1607. [PMID: 33134004 PMCID: PMC7590626 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of α-Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) by one-step laser ablation of a silver target in aqueous solution of thiourea (Tu, CH4N2S) mixed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The effect of the CTAB surfactant on the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition of Ag2S NPs was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline with a monoclinic structure and that crystallinity of the nanoparticles was improved after adding CTAB. Raman studies revealed the presence of peaks related to Ag-S bonds (Ag modes) and the longitudinal optical phonon 2LO mode. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirmed the production of monodisperse Ag2S NPs when using the CTAB surfactant. The optoelectronic properties of α-Ag2S/p-Si photodetector, such as current-voltage characteristics and responsivity in the dark and under illumination, were also improved after using the CTAB surfactant. The responsivity of the photodetector increases from 0.64 to 1.85 A/W at 510 nm after adding CTAB. The energy band diagram of the α-Ag2S/p-Si photodetector under illumination was constructed. The fabricated photodetectors exhibited reasonable stability after three weeks of storage under ambient conditions with a responsivity of 70% of the initial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid A Ismail
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hanan A Rawdhan
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Duha S Ahmed
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
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