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Yang C, Ding Y, Mao Z, Wang W. Nanoplatform-Mediated Autophagy Regulation and Combined Anti-Tumor Therapy for Resistant Tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:917-944. [PMID: 38293604 PMCID: PMC10826716 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The overall cancer incidence and death toll have been increasing worldwide. However, the conventional therapies have some obvious limitations, such as non-specific targeting, systemic toxic effects, especially the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors, in which, autophagy plays a vital role. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatments to reduce adverse reactions, improve the treatment efficacy and expand their therapeutic indications more effectively and accurately. Combination therapy based on autophagy regulators is a very feasible and important method to overcome tumor resistance and sensitize anti-tumor drugs. However, the less improved efficacy, more systemic toxicity and other problems limit its clinical application. Nanotechnology provides a good way to overcome this limitation. Co-delivery of autophagy regulators combined with anti-tumor drugs through nanoplatforms provides a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumors, especially drug-resistant tumors. Notably, the nanomaterials with autophagy regulatory properties have broad therapeutic prospects as carrier platforms, especially in adjuvant therapy. However, further research is still necessary to overcome the difficulties such as the safety, biocompatibility, and side effects of nanomedicine. In addition, clinical research is also indispensable to confirm its application in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Chen C, Yang L, Peng Y, Zhang WJ, Yang XX, Zhou W. Autophagic blockage by metformin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles causes cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:43-58. [PMID: 38197371 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To fabricate and characterize metformin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and investigate their inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells. Materials & methods: The nanoparticles were prepared using a double emulsification method, then characterized and subjected to a series of in vitro assays on HepG2 cells. Results: The nanoparticles were ~277.9 nm in size, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading of metformin were 31.3 and 14.4%, respectively. In vitro studies suggested that the nanoparticles showed a higher inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells compared with metformin alone, mainly attributed to its blockage of autophagy, and ultimately result in cell cycle inhibition. Conclusion: The metformin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles could inhibit mTOR activity, increase p53 levels and decrease HIF1A levels, which ultimately caused HepG2 cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism & Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism & Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
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Wang YL, Zheng CM, Lee YH, Cheng YY, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Micro- and Nanosized Substances Cause Different Autophagy-Related Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4787. [PMID: 33946416 PMCID: PMC8124422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid industrialization, humans produce an increasing number of products. The composition of these products is usually decomposed. However, some substances are not easily broken down and gradually become environmental pollutants. In addition, these substances may cause bioaccumulation, since the substances can be fragmented into micro- and nanoparticles. These particles or their interactions with other toxic matter circulate in humans via the food chain or air. Whether these micro- and nanoparticles interfere with extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their similar sizes is unclear. Micro- and nanoparticles (MSs and NSs) induce several cell responses and are engulfed by cells depending on their size, for example, particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). Autophagy is a mechanism by which pathogens are destroyed in cells. Some artificial materials are not easily decomposed in organisms. How do these cells or tissues respond? In addition, autophagy operates through two pathways (increasing cell death or cell survival) in tumorigenesis. Many MSs and NSs have been found that induce autophagy in various cells and tissues. As a result, this review focuses on how these particles interfere with cells and tissues. Here, we review MSs, NSs, and PM2.5, which result in different autophagy-related responses in various tissues or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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Fei W, Zhang M, Fan X, Ye Y, Zhao M, Zheng C, Li Y, Zheng X. Engineering of bioactive metal sulfide nanomaterials for cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:93. [PMID: 33789653 PMCID: PMC8011210 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal sulfide nanomaterials (MeSNs) are a novel class of metal-containing nanomaterials composed of metal ions and sulfur compounds. During the past decade, scientists found that the MeSNs engineered by specific approaches not only had high biocompatibility but also exhibited unique physicochemical properties for cancer therapy, such as Fenton catalysis, light conversion, radiation enhancement, and immune activation. To clarify the development and promote the clinical transformation of MeSNs, the first section of this paper describes the appropriate fabrication approaches of MeSNs for medical science and analyzes the features and limitations of each approach. Secondly, we sort out the mechanisms of functional MeSNs in cancer therapy, including drug delivery, phototherapy, radiotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, gas therapy, and immunotherapy. It is worth noting that the intact MeSNs and the degradation products of MeSNs can exert different types of anti-tumor activities. Thus, MeSNs usually exhibit synergistic antitumor properties. Finally, future expectations and challenges of MeSNs in the research of translational medicine are spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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