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He L, Yang Z, Wang Z, Leydecker T, Orgiu E. Organic multilevel (opto)electronic memories towards neuromorphic applications. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37378458 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, neuromorphic computing has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its potential to circumvent the von Neumann bottleneck. Organic materials, owing to their fine tunablility and their ability to be used in multilevel memories, represent a promising class of materials to fabricate neuromorphic devices with the key requirement of operation with synaptic weight. In this review, recent studies of organic multilevel memory are presented. The operating principles and the latest achievements obtained with devices exploiting the main approaches to reach multilevel operation are discussed, with emphasis on organic devices using floating gates, ferroelectric materials, polymer electrets and photochromic molecules. The latest results obtained using organic multilevel memories for neuromorphic circuits are explored and the major advantages and drawbacks of the use of organic materials for neuromorphic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences (IFFS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Zuchong Yang
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences (IFFS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Tim Leydecker
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences (IFFS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Mondal M, Basak S, Ali S, Roy D, Haydar MS, Sarkar K, Ghosh NN, Roy K, Roy MN. Assembled Bisphenol A with cyclic oligosaccharide as the controlled release complex to reduce risky effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43300-43319. [PMID: 36656475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, in order to improve the bioavailability of a non-biodegradable pollutant, inclusion complexation procedures had been used to develop better formulations of this pollutant, Bisphenol A (BPA). In our research, an inclusion complex (IC) of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with BPA was formed to investigate the effect of β-CD on the water solubility, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial activity, toxicity, and thermal stability of BPA. UV-Vis and other spectrometric methods such as NMR, FTIR, and XRD indicated the molecular mechanism of interactions between β-CD and BPA, which was further hypothesized using molecular modeling to confirm preliminary results. Studies of TGA and DSC demonstrated that encapsulation boosted the thermal stability of BPA. This research also makes predictions about BPA's release behavior when CT-DNA is present. In vitro testing of the IC's antibacterial activities showed that it outperformed pure BPA. The in silico study was found to have a considerable decrease in toxicity level for IC compared to pure BPA. Therefore, β-CD-encapsulated BPA can lessen toxicity by raising antioxidant levels. Additionally, as its antibacterial activity increases, it may be employed therapeutically. Thus, this discovery of creating BPA formulations with controlled release and/or protective properties allows for a more logical application of BPA by reducing its hazardous effects through boosting its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhusudan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Shatarupa Basak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Md Salman Haydar
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Kushankur Sarkar
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | | | - Kanak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar, 736122, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
- Alipurduar University, Alipurduar, 736122, India.
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Mondal M, Basak S, Ali S, Roy D, Saha S, Ghosh B, Ghosh NN, Lepcha K, Roy K, Roy MN. Exploring inclusion complex of an anti-cancer drug (6-MP) with β-cyclodextrin and its binding with CT-DNA for innovative applications in anti-bacterial activity and photostability optimized by computational study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30936-30951. [PMID: 36349019 PMCID: PMC9614615 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-evaporation approach was used to examine the host-guest interaction and to explore the cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of an important anti-cancer medication, 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate (6-MP) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The UV-Vis investigation confirmed the inclusion complex's (IC) 1 : 1 stoichiometry and was also utilized to oversee the viability of this inclusion process. FTIR, NMR, and XRD, among other spectrometric techniques, revealed the mechanism of molecular interactions between β-CD and 6-MP which was further hypothesized by DFT to verify tentative outcomes. TGA and DSC studies revealed that 6-MP's thermal stability increased after encapsulation. Because of the protection of drug 6-MP by β-CD, the formed IC was found to have higher photostability. This work also predicts the release behavior of 6-MP in the presence of CT-DNA without any chemical changes. An evaluation of the complex's antibacterial activity in vitro revealed that it was more effective than pure 6-MP. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human kidney cancer cell line (ACHN) was also found to be significant for the IC (IC50 = 4.18 μM) compared to that of pure 6-MP (IC50 = 5.49 μM). These findings suggest that 6-MP incorporation via β-CD may result in 6-MP stability and effective presentation of its solubility, cytotoxic and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhusudan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | - Shatarupa Basak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | - Subhadeep Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree CollegePedongKalimpong-734311India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | | | - Khusboo Lepcha
- Department of Microbiology, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India
| | - Kanak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar UniversityAlipurduar-736121India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North BengalDarjeeling-734013India,Vice-Chancellor, Alipurduar UniversityAlipurduar-736121India
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Mondal M, Basak S, Roy D, Haydar MS, Choudhury S, Ghosh B, Ghosh NN, Dutta A, Mandal P, Roy K, Kumar A, Roy MN. Probing the Molecular Assembly of a Metabolizer Drug with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Binding with CT-DNA in Augmenting Antibacterial Activity and Photostability by Physicochemical and Computational Methodologies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26211-26225. [PMID: 35936474 PMCID: PMC9352218 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of an inclusion complex in an aqueous medium using a metabolizer drug (dyphylline) as guest and β-cyclodextrin as host has been established, which is extremely appropriate for a variety of applications in modern biomedical sciences. The formation of the inclusion complex is established by 1H NMR, and surface tension and conductivity measurements demonstrate that the inclusion complex was produced with 1:1 stoichiometry. The thermodynamic parameters based on density, viscosity, and refractive index measurements were used to determine the nature of the complex. This research also forecasts how dyphylline will release in the presence of CT-DNA without any chemical modifications. The produced insertion complex (IC) has a higher photostability due to the drug dyphylline being protected by β-CD. The antibacterial activity of dyphylline greatly improved after complexation and exhibited higher toxicity against Gram-negative (highest against Escherichia coli) in comparison to Gram-positive bacteria. The encapsulation mode of the dyphylline molecule into the cavity of the β-CD was also investigated using DFT to confirm preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhusudan Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Shatarupa Basak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Md Salman Haydar
- Nanobiology
and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | | | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | | | - Ankita Dutta
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Nanobiology
and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Kanak Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
- Vice-Chancellor, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar 736122, India
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Saha M, Nawaz SM, Keshari BK, Mallik A. Natural-Casein-Based Biomemristor with Pinched Current-Voltage Characteristics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:833-840. [PMID: 35044766 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A biomaterials based memristor is of great interest for applications in the environment and human friendly electronic systems. Although a pinched current-voltage (I-V) characteristic is a signature of Chua's memristor model, biomemristors generally exhibit nonpinched I-V response. This work reports the discovery of the pinched I-V characteristics of a natural casein-based biomemristor. Water-soluble sodium caseinate (NaCas), synthesized using natural casein that was extracted from edible animal milk, was used for the fabrication of a Al/NaCas/ITO biomemristor device. In addition to pinched I-V characteristics, the Al/NaCas/ITO device shows improved performance with a sufficiently large resistance window (∼20 times), longer retention time (∼105 s), and comparable cyclic endurance (>180 cycles), as compared with the reported biomemristors reported in the literature. A physical mechanism is proposed to explain the device characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Saha
- Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sk Masum Nawaz
- Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Keshari
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Abhijit Mallik
- Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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