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Xu W, Liu N, Lu Z. Recent Progress of Iron-Based Magnetic Absorbers and Its Applications in Elastomers: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4058. [PMID: 39203236 PMCID: PMC11356331 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
As a result of continuing scientific and technological progress, electromagnetic waves have become increasingly pervasive across a variety of domains, particularly within the microwave frequency range. These waves have found extensive applications in wireless communications, high-frequency electronic circuits, and several related fields. As a result, absorptive materials have become indispensable for dual-use applications across both the military and civilian domains because of their exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption properties. This paper, beginning with the operating mechanisms of absorptive materials, aims to provide an overview of the strategies that have been used to enhance the absorption performance of iron-based magnetic absorbers (IBMAs) and discuss the current research status of absorptive material components. The fabrication of a ferromagnetic absorber in terms of morphology, heterointerface coupling, and macrostructural enhancements and the effect of powder characteristics on their electromagnetic properties are discussed. Additionally, the application of IBMAs in elastomers is summarized. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of existing ferromagnetic absorber materials and offers a perspective on their potential future developments. The objective of the ongoing research is to fabricate absorptive components that have thin profiles, lightweight construction, wide absorption frequency ranges, and strong absorption capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongchen Lu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China;
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Liu Q, Jiang D, Zhou H, Yuan X, Wu C, Hu C, Luque R, Wang S, Chu S, Xiao R, Zhang H. Pyrolysis-catalysis upcycling of waste plastic using a multilayer stainless-steel catalyst toward a circular economy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305078120. [PMID: 37695879 PMCID: PMC10523629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305078120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current un-sustainable plastic management is exacerbating plastic pollution, an urgent shift is thus needed to create a recycling society. Such recovering carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) from waste plastic has been considered as one practical route to achieve a circular economy. Here, we performed a simple pyrolysis-catalysis deconstruction of waste plastic via a monolithic multilayer stainless-steel mesh catalyst to produce multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and H2, which are important carbon material and energy carrier to achieve sustainable development. Results revealed that the C and H recovery efficiencies were as high as 86% and 70%, respectively. The unique oxidation-reduction process and improvement of surface roughness led to efficient exposure of active sites, which increased MWCNTs by suppressing macromolecule hydrocarbons. The C recovery efficiency declined by only 5% after 10 cycles, proving the long-term employment of the catalyst. This catalyst can efficiently convert aromatics to MWCNTs by the vapor-solid-solid mechanism and demonstrate good universality in processing different kinds of waste plastics. The produced MWCNTs showed potential in applications of lithium-ion batteries and telecommunication. Owing to the economic profits and environmental benefits of the developed route, we highlighted its potential as a promising alternative to conventional incineration, simultaneously achieving the waste-to-resource strategy and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangzhou Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Changsong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Engineering, Universitá degli studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria I89122, Italy
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Department of Energy and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sheng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Sun X, Liu Y, Kuang D, Lu J, Yang J, Peng X, Wu A. Hard Carbon Embedded with FeSiAl Flakes for Improved Microwave Absorption Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6068. [PMID: 36079447 PMCID: PMC9457624 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based composites have been proven to be strong candidates for microwave absorbers in recent years. However, as an important member, magnetic hard carbon (HC)-based composites have rarely been studied in the field of microwave absorption. In this study, HC embedded with FeSiAl (FeSiAl@HC) was synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of FeSiAl flakes and phenolic resin (PR). The as-synthesized HC-FeSiAl exhibited a layered structure, and the detailed microstructures were modified by changing the mass ratio of FeSiAl flakes and PR. Thus, the as-synthesized HC-FeSiAl exhibited tunable magnetic properties, wealthy functional groups, excellent thermal stability, and enhanced microwave absorption properties. The optimal minimum reflection loss is lower up to -36.1 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is wider up to 11.7 GHz. These results indicated that HC-FeSiAl should be a strong candidate for practical applications of microwave absorption, which may provide new insight into the synthesis of magnetic HC-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Sun
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of New Energy Vehicle Lightweight, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Daitao Kuang
- School of Computational Science and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of New Energy Vehicle Lightweight, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Anru Wu
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of New Energy Vehicle Lightweight, Xiangtan 411104, China
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Microwave-Boosted One-Step Synthesis of Nanocrystal N-Doped 2D Carbon/Ni Composite with High Electromagnetic Absorption Performance. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the problems of electromagnetic pollution and interference are becoming increasingly serious, the development of electromagnetic absorption materials with a high absorption capacity and broad absorption bandwidth are stringently needed. In this work, an N-doped 2D carbon/Ni complex is synthesized through direct microwave irradiation on a mixed solution of nickel nitrate, urea, and agarose under N2. The electromagnetic absorption performance can be tuned by controlling the Ni content. Specifically, minimum reflection loss values (RLmin) of −65.5 dB at 15.8 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.2 GHz at a sample thickness of 1.47 mm, and −55.4 dB at 11.8 GHz with an EAB of 3 GHz at a sample thickness of 1.92 mm can be obtained. The outstanding performance of electromagnetic absorption is attributed to the multiple polarization relaxation processes and the synergistic effect between 2D carbon sheets and Ni particles.
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