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Asif M, Fatima K, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Mahdi WA. Formulation and Evaluation of Meloxicam Hybrid nano Particles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:172. [PMID: 39044025 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to prepare meloxicam (MX) entrapped hybrid particles (HPs) to enhance intestinal permeation and anti-inflammatory activity. MX-HPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using lipid, chitosan, poloxamer, and TPGS. The formulations (MX-HPs1, MX-HPs2, MX-HPs3) were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release to select the optimized composition and further evaluated for permeation study, stability study, morphology, interaction study, and anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The prepared MX-HPs showed nano sized particles (198.5 ± 3.7 to 223.8 ± 2.1 nm) and PDI (<0.3), zeta potential (16.5 ± 2.7 to 29.1 ± 3.6 mV), and high entrapment efficiency (75.1 ± 4.7 to 88.5 ± 3.9%). The surface morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and showed non-aggregated particles. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy of pure MX as well as formulation revealed no drug-polymer interaction and X-ray diffraction confirmed the conversion of crystalline MX into amorphous form. The release study data revealed prolonged MX release for 24 h. The selected optimized hybrid particles (MX-HPs2) revealed a 2.3-fold improved enhancement ratio than free MX. The storage stability and gastrointestinal stability data demonstrated a stable formulation in SIF as well as SGF. The anti-inflammatory activity showed better therapeutic action than pure MX dispersion. From the study, it can be concluded that the prepared MX-HPs may be a promising delivery system for MX in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Shastri Nagar, Sector A, Jodhpur, 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur, 342802, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Aldawsari MF, Kamal MA, Balaha MF, Jawaid T, Jafar M, Hashmi S, Ganaie MA, Alam A. Optimized Ribociclib nanostructured lipid carrier for the amelioration of skin cancer: Inferences from ex-vivo skin permeation and dermatokinetic studies. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101984. [PMID: 38384476 PMCID: PMC10879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Current research focuses on explicitly developing and evaluating nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) for the chemotherapeutic drug Ribociclib (RCB) via the topical route to surmount the inherent bioavailability shortcomings. The absolute oral bioavailability has not been determined, but using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model it was predicted that 65.8 % of the standard dose of RCB (600 mg) would be absorbed mainly in the small intestine. RCB-NLCs were produced using the solvent evaporation method, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize composition. The prepared NLCs had an average PS of 79.29 ± 3.53 nm, PDI of 0.242 ± 0.021, and a %EE of 86.07 ± 3.14. The TEM analysis disclosed the spherical form and non-aggregative nature of the NLCs. The outcomes of an in-vitro release investigation presented cumulative drug release of 84.97 ± 3.37 % in 24 h, significantly higher than that from the RCB suspension (RCB-SUS). Ex-vivo skin permeation investigations on rodent (Swiss albino mice) revealed that RCB-NLCs have 1.91 times increases in skin permeability comparable to RCB-SUS. Compared to RCB-SUS, RCB-NLCs were able to penetrate deeper into the epidermis membrane than RCB-SUS as per the findings of confocal microscopy. In dermatokinetic study, higher amount of RCB was maintained in both the layers of mice's skin when treated with RCB-NLCs gel comparable to the RCB-SUS gel preparation. The in-vitro, ex-vivo, CLSM, and dermatokinetics data demonstrated a significant possibility for this novel RCB formulation to be effective against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Balaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Hashmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, 51418 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sharma S, Gupta P, Kawish SM, Ahmad S, Iqbal Z, Vohora D, Kohli K. Novel Chitosan-Coated Liposomes Coloaded with Exemestane and Genistein for an Effective Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9735-9752. [PMID: 38434864 PMCID: PMC10905587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
For achieving high effectiveness in the management of breast cancer, coadministration of drugs has attracted a lot of interest as a mode of therapy when compared to a single chemotherapeutic agent that often results in reduced therapeutic end results. Owing to their proven effectiveness, good patient compliance, and lower costs, oral anticancer drugs have received much attention. In the present work, we formulated the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes loaded with two lipophilic agents, namely, exemestane (EXE) and genistein (GEN). The formulation was prepared using the ethanol injection method, which is considered a simple method for getting the nanoliposomes. The formulation was optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and was extensively characterized for particle size, ζ-potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The sizes of conventional and coated liposomes were found to be 104.6 ± 3.8 and 120.3 ± 6.4 nm with a low polydispersity index of 0.399 and 0.381, respectively. The ζ-potential of the liposomes was observed to be -16.56 mV, which changed to a positive value of +22.4 mV, clearly indicating the complete coating of the nanoliposomes by the chitosan. The average encapsulation efficiency was found to be between 70 and 80% for all prepared formulations. The compatibility of the drug with excipients and complete dispersion of the drug inside the system were verified by FTIR, XRD, and DSC studies. Furthermore, the in vitro release studies concluded the sustained release pattern following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as the best-fitting model with Fickian diffusion. Ex vivo studies showed better permeation of the chitosan-coated liposomes, which was further confirmed by confocal studies. The prepared chitosan-coated liposomes showed superior antioxidant activity (94.56%) and enhanced % cytotoxicity (IC50 7.253 ± 0.34 μM) compared to the uncoated liposomes. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay displayed better cytotoxicity of the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes compared to the plain drug, showing the better penetration and enhanced bioavailability of drugs inside the cells. The formulation was found to be safe for administration, which was confirmed using the toxicity studies performed on an animal model. The above data suggested that poorly soluble lipophilic drugs could be successfully delivered via chitosan-coated liposomes for their effective delivery in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetakshi Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd
School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - S. M. Kawish
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd
Institute of Management & Technology (Pharm.), Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Peng X, Lu J, Wang K, Zhang L. Encapsulation of a novel peptide derived from histatin-1 in liposomes against initial enamel caries in vitro and in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:35. [PMID: 38147166 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomimetic mineralization mediated by proteins and peptides is a promising strategy for enamel repair, and its specific application model needs more research. In this work, we exploited a liposomal delivery system for a novel peptide (DK5) derived from histatin-1 (DK5-Lips) as a new biomimetic mineralization strategy against initial enamel caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DK5-Lips was prepared using calcium acetate gradient method and then the in vitro release, salivary stability, and cytotoxicity were studied. Initial enamel caries was created in bovine enamel blocks and subjected to pH-cycling model treated with DK5-Lips. Surface microhardness testing, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and transverse microradiography (TMR) were analyzed. Then the biocompatibility of DK5-Lips was evaluated in the caries model of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the anti-caries effect was assessed using Micro-CT analysis, Keyes scores, and PLM in vivo. RESULTS DK5-Lips provided a mean particle size of (97.63 ± 4.94)nm and encapsulation efficiency of (61.46 ± 1.44)%, exhibiting a sustained release profile, excellent stability in saliva, and no significant toxicity on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The DK5-Lips group had higher surface microhardness recovery, shallower caries depth, and less mineral loss in bovine enamel. Animal experiments showed higher volume and density values of residual molar enamel, lower Keyes score, and shallower lesion depth of the DK5-Lips group with good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION As a safe and effective application model, DK5-Lips could significantly promote the remineralization of initial enamel caries both in vitro and in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The potential of liposome utilization as vehicle for oral delivery of functional peptides may provide a new way for enamel restoration.
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Grants
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81970931 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- 2022YFS0287 the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
- grant RD-02-202010 the Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Stomatology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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5
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Rahman M, Afzal O, Ullah SNM, Alshahrani MY, Alkhathami AG, Altamimi ASA, Almujri SS, Almalki WH, Shorog EM, Alossaimi MA, Mandal AK, abdulrahman A, Sahoo A. Nanomedicine-Based Drug-Targeting in Breast Cancer: Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Progress, and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48625-48649. [PMID: 38162753 PMCID: PMC10753706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm that begins in the breast tissue. After skin cancer, BC is the second most common type of cancer in women. At the end of 2040, the number of newly diagnosed BC cases is projected to increase by over 40%, reaching approximately 3 million worldwide annually. The hormonal and chemotherapeutic approaches based on conventional formulations have inappropriate therapeutic effects and suboptimal pharmacokinetic responses with nonspecific targeting actions. To overcome such issues, the use of nanomedicines, including liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, hybrid nanoparticles, etc., has gained wider attention in the treatment of BC. Smaller dimensional nanomedicine (especially 50-200 nm) exhibited improved in vivo effectiveness, such as better tissue penetration and more effective tumor suppression through enhanced retention and permeation, as well as active targeting of the drug. Additionally, nanotechnology, which further extended and developed theranostic nanomedicine by incorporating diagnostic and imaging agents in one platform, has been applied to BC. Furthermore, hybrid and theranostic nanomedicine has also been explored for gene delivery as anticancer therapeutics in BC. Moreover, the nanocarriers' size, shape, surface charge, chemical compositions, and surface area play an important role in the nanocarriers' stability, cellular absorption, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and toxicity. Additionally, nanomedicine clinical translation for managing BC remains a slow process. However, a few cases are being used clinically, and their progress with the current challenges is addressed in this Review. Therefore, this Review extensively discusses recent advancements in nanomedicine and its clinical challenges in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehla Nasar Mir
Najib Ullah
- Phyto
Pharmaceuticals Research Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Jamia
Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali G. Alkhathami
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, Asir-Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Shorog
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A Alossaimi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar Mandal
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Alhamyani abdulrahman
- Pharmaceuticals
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Sahoo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
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6
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Gilani SJ, Bin-Jumah MN, Fatima F. Development of Statistically Optimized Piperine-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer: In Vitro Evaluation and Cell Culture Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44183-44194. [PMID: 38027324 PMCID: PMC10666216 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Piperine (PPN) is a natural alkaloid derived from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and has garnered substantial attention for its potential in breast cancer therapy due to its diverse pharmacological properties. However, its highly lipophilic characteristics and poor dissolution in biological fluids limit its clinical application. Therefore, to overcome this limitation, we formulate and evaluate PPN-encapsulated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (PPN-PCL-NPs). The nanoparticles were prepared by a single-step nanoprecipitation method and further optimized by a formulation design approach. The influence of selected independent variables PCL (X1), poloxamer 188 (P-188; X2), and stirring speed (SS; X3) were investigated on the particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and % encapsulation efficiency (EE). The selected optimized nanoparticles were further assessed for stability, in vitro release, and in vitro antibreast cancer activity in the MCF-7 cancer cell line. The PS, PDI, zeta potential, and % EE of the optimized PPN-PCL-NPs were observed to be 107.61 ± 5.28 nm, 0.136 ± 0.011, -20.42 ± 1.82 mV, and 79.53 ± 5.22%, respectively. The developed PPN-PCL-NPs were stable under different temperature conditions with insignificant changes in their pharmaceutical attributes. The optimized PPN-PCL-NPs showed a burst release for the first 6 h and later showed sustained release for 48 h. The PPN-PCL-NPs exhibit exceptional cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast tumor cells in comparison with the native PPN. Thus, the formulation of PPN-loaded PCL-NPs can be a promising approach for better therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi
Society for Applied Science, Princess Nourah
Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Rizwanullah M, Perwez A, Alam M, Ahmad S, Mir SR, Rizvi MMA, Amin S. Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles of exemestane for improved oral bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy: An extensive preclinical investigation. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123136. [PMID: 37311498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exemestane (EXE), an irreversible aromatase inhibitor, is primarily used as a first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. However, complex physicochemical characteristics of EXE limit its oral bioavailability (<10%) and anti-breast cancer efficacy. The present study aimed to develop a novel nanocarrier system to improve the oral bioavailability and anti-breast cancer efficacy of EXE. In this perspective, EXE-loaded TPGS-based polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles (EXE-TPGS-PLHNPs) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and evaluated for their potential in improving oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic efficacy in the animal model. EXE-TPGS-PLHNPs showed significantly higher intestinal permeation in comparison to EXE-PLHNPs (without TPGS) and free EXE. After oral administration, EXE-TPGS-PLHNPs and EXE-PLHNPs revealed 3.58 and 4.69 times higher oral bioavailability in Wistar rats compared to the conventional EXE suspension. The results of the acute toxicity experiment suggested that the developed nanocarrier was safe for oral administration. Furthermore, EXE-TPGS-PLHNPs and EXE-PLHNPs represented much better anti-breast cancer activity in Balb/c mice bearing MCF-7 tumor xenograft with tumor inhibition rate of 72.72% and 61.94% respectively in comparison with the conventional EXE suspension (30.79%) after 21 days of oral chemotherapy. In addition, insignificant changes in the histopathological examination of vital organs and hematological analysis further confirm the safety of the developed PLHNPs. Therefore, the findings of the present investigation advocated that the encapsulation of EXE in PLHNPs can be a promising approach for oral chemotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahmad Perwez
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Meraj Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Showkat Rasool Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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8
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Alam M, Rizwanullah M, Mir SR, Amin S. Statistically Optimized Tacrolimus and Thymoquinone Co-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Gel for Improved Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. Gels 2023; 9:515. [PMID: 37504393 PMCID: PMC10379417 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop and analyze a tacrolimus and thymoquinone co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TAC-THQ-NLCs)-based nanogel as a new combinatorial approach for the treatment of psoriasis. The NLCs were formulated by an emulsification-solvent-evaporation technique using glyceryl monostearate, Capryol 90 (oil), and a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 20 as a solid lipid, liquid lipid, and surfactant, respectively. Their combination was optimized using a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design (33-BBD). The optimized TAC-THQ-NLCs were observed to be smooth and spherical with a particle size of 144.95 ± 2.80 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.160 ± 0.021, a zeta potential of -29.47 ± 1.9 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of >70% for both drugs. DSC and PXRD studies demonstrated the amorphous state of TAC and THQ in the lipid matrix of the NLCs. An FTIR analysis demonstrated the excellent compatibility of the drugs with the excipients without interactions. The TAC-THQ-NLC-based nanogel (abbreviated as TAC-THQ-NG) exhibited a good texture profile and good spreadability. The in vitro release study demonstrated a sustained drug release for 24 h from the TAC-THQ-NG that followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Moreover, the TAC-THQ-NG revealed significantly higher dose-dependent toxicity against an HaCaT cell line compared to a TAC-THQ suspension gel (abbreviated as TAC-THQ-SG). Furthermore, the developed formulations demonstrated antioxidant activity comparable to free THQ. Confocal microscopy revealed improved permeation depth of the dye-loaded nanogel in the skin compared to the suspension gel. Based on these findings, it was concluded that TAC-THQ-NG is a promising combinatorial treatment approach for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Showkat R Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Hameed B, Rizwanullah M, Mir SR, Akhtar MS, Amin S. Development of cannabidiol nanoemulsion for direct nose to brain delivery: Statistical optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a prescribed drug for epilepsy but has low oral bioavailability and gastric instability. Because of the direct link between the nasal cavity and the central nervous system (CNS), intranasal administration of CBD as nanoemulsions which are the small sized lipid carriers seem to improve the bioavailability. CBD-NEs were made using Capryol 90, Tween 80, and Transcutol P as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, following aqueous titration approach. Then, using the Box-Behnken design, CBD-NE was statistically optimised for the selection of desirable excipient concentrations in order to create the optimal CBD-NE formulation. As independent variables in the statistical design, Capryol 90 (oil; coded as A), Tween 80 (surfactant; coded as B), and Transcutol P (co-surfactant; coded as C) were used. The dependent variables were droplet size (DS; coded as R1) and polydispersity index (PDI; coded as R2). The average DS, PDI, and the zeta potential of the optimized CBD-NEs were observed to be 88.73 ± 2.67 nm, 0.311 ± 0.015, and –2.71 ± 0.52 mV respectively. Pure CBD and lyophilized CBD-NE FT-IR spectra demonstrated no physicochemical interaction between excipients and the drug. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed the amorphous CBD in the NE. As compared to pure CBD, the optimised CBD-NE showed considerably better in vitro drug release as well as ex vivo nasal permeability. The drug targeting efficiency and direct transport percentage of the optimised CBD-NEs were found to be 419.64 % and 76.17 %, respectively, in this research. Additionally, pharmacokinetic investigations after intranasal administration of CBD-NE revealed considerably higher drug concentrations in the brain with better brain targeting efficiency. As a result, the development of CBD-NE may be an excellent alternative for better intranasal delivery.
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Harnessing Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Thymoquinone: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183705. [PMID: 36145851 PMCID: PMC9504729 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of phytochemicals such as thymoquinone (THQ) is restricted due to their limited aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Developing mucoadhesive nanocarriers to deliver these natural compounds might provide new hope to enhance their oral bioavailability. Herein, this investigation aimed to develop THQ-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (THQ-LPHNPs) based on natural polymer chitosan. THQ-LPHNPs were fabricated by the nanoprecipitation technique and optimized by the 3-factor 3-level Box−Behnken design. The optimized LPHNPs represented excellent properties for ideal THQ delivery for oral administration. The optimized THQ-LPHNPs revealed the particles size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (%EE), and zeta potential (ZP) of <200 nm, <0.25, >85%, and >25 mV, respectively. THQ-LPHNPs represented excellent stability in the gastrointestinal milieu and storage stability in different environmental conditions. THQ-LPHNPs represented almost similar release profiles in both gastric as well as intestinal media with the initial fast release for 4 h and after that a sustained release up to 48 h. Further, the optimized THQ-LPHNPs represent excellent mucin binding efficiency (>70%). Cytotoxicity study revealed much better anti-breast cancer activity of THQ-LPHNPs compared with free THQ against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, ex vivo experiments revealed more than three times higher permeation from the intestine after THQ-LPHNPs administration compared to the conventional THQ suspension. Furthermore, the THQ-LPHNPs showed 4.74-fold enhanced bioavailability after oral administration in comparison with the conventional THQ suspension. Therefore, from the above outcomes, mucoadhesive LPHNPs might be suitable nano-scale carriers for enhanced oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of highly lipophilic phytochemicals such as THQ.
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Singh P, Alka, Maurya P, Nisha R, Singh N, Parashar P, Mishra N, Pal RR, Saraf SA. QbD Assisted Development of Lipidic Nanocapsules for Antiestrogenic Activity of Exemestane in Breast Cancer. J Liposome Res 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35930249 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Some breast cancers are caused by hormonal imbalances, such as estrogen and progesterone.These hormones play a function in directing the growth of cancer cells. The hormone receptors in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer lead breast cells to proliferate out of control. Cancer therapy such as hormonal, targeted, radiation is still unsatisfactory because of these challenges viz. MDR (Multiple drug resistance), off-targeting, severe adverse effects. A novel aromatase inhibitor exemestane (Exe) exhibits promising therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to develop and optimize Exe-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) by using DSPC, PF68 and olive oil as lipid, surfactant and oil phase, respectively and to characterize the same. The prepared nanocapsules were investigated via in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo animal models. The LNCs exhibited cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines and enhanced anti-cancer activity and reduced cardiotoxicity in DMBA-induced animal model when compared to the drug. Additionally, in-vivo pharmacokinetics revealed a 4.2-fold increased oral bioavailability when compared with Exe suspension. This study demonstrated that oral administration of Exe-loaded LNCs holds promise for the antiestrogenic activity of exemestane in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Alka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Amity institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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12
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. A comprehensive review on novel delivery approaches for exemestane. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Formulation and Evaluation of Apigenin-Loaded Hybrid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040783. [PMID: 35456617 PMCID: PMC9026485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (AGN) is a potent phytochemical with strong antioxidant and anticancer potential. But its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to its high lipophilic characteristics. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to develop AGN-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (AGN-PLHNPs). Herein, we successfully developed AGN-PLHNPs and optimized them by a 33-Box-Behnken de-sign. The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA; coded as F1), phospholipon 90 G (PL-90G; coded as F2), and poloxamer 188 (P-188; coded as F3) were considered as the independent factors while particle size (PS; coded as R1), entrapment efficiency (%EE; R2), and cumulative drug release (%CDR; R3) were selected as dependent responses. The average PS, %EE, and %CDR of the AGN-PLHNPs were observed in the range of 101.93 nm to 175.26 nm, 58.35% to 81.14%, and 71.21% to 93.31%, respectively. The optimized AGN-PLHNPs revealed better homogeneity (poly-dispersity index < 0.2) and colloidal stability with high zeta potential (>25 mV). It also exhibited fast release in the initial 4 h after that sustained release up to 48 h of study. Moreover, the results of both DPPH as well as ABTS assays revealed significant improvement in the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the optimized AGN-PLHNPs exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity efficacy against MCF-7 as well as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
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Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Imam SS, Afzal M, Nadeem MS, Altayb HN, Alshehri S. Formulation of Piperine Nanoparticles: In Vitro Breast Cancer Cell Line and In Vivo Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071349. [PMID: 35406223 PMCID: PMC9003416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine (PPN), one of the most investigated phytochemicals, is known to have excellent therapeutic efficacy against a variety of ailments including breast cancer. However, its physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility restrict its clinical application. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to develop PPN encapsulated lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (PPN-LPHNPs) to overcome the limitation. The developed PPN-LPHNPs were optimized by the three-factor, three-level Box−Behnken design (33-BBD). The optimized PPN-LPHNPs were then evaluated for their drug release profile, cytotoxicity assay against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and gastrointestinal stability as well as colloidal stability. In addition, the optimized PPN-LPHNPs were evaluated for ex vivo intestinal permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic in albino Wistar rats. As per the results, the optimized PPN-LPHNPs showed a small average particles size of <160 nm with a low (<0.3) polydispersity index, and highly positive surface charge (>+20 mV). PPN-LPHNPs revealed excellent gastrointestinal as well as colloidal stability and sustained release profiles up to 24 h. Furthermore, PPN-LPHNPs revealed excellent cytotoxicity against both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the free PPN. Moreover, animal studies revealed that the PPN-LPHNPs exhibited a 6.02- and 4.55-fold higher intestinal permeation and relative oral bioavailability, respectively, in comparison to the conventional PPN suspension. Thus, our developed LPHNPs present a strong potential for improved delivery of PPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (H.N.A.)
- Correspondence: or (I.K.); (S.S.I.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +966-554543058 (S.S.I.)
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (H.N.A.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or (I.K.); (S.S.I.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +966-554543058 (S.S.I.)
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (H.N.A.)
| | - Hisham N. Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (H.N.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Rohmah M, Rahmadi A, Raharjo S. Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of β-carotene loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) from binary mixtures of palm stearin and palm olein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08913. [PMID: 35243052 PMCID: PMC8857418 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β-carotene (βC) is an essential nutrient for health. It is a potent antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory substance. However, βC has high hydrophobicity property, indicating a low absorption level in the digestive tract. The bioavailability of βC is reasonably low. Lipid-based delivery systems such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) potentially can help to overcome this problem. This research evaluated the bioaccessibility of the nanostructured mixture of palm stearin (PS) and palm olein (PO) and the antioxidant activity of βC in the structure. β-carotene bioaccessibility was studied by measuring the micellization during in vitro digestion. Antioxidants activity was measured by 2.2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2, 2 – diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction methods. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion model indicated that nanostructured lipid carrier enhanced bioaccessibility and antioxidants activity of βC. This suggests that the formulated NLC system can be used effectively to deliver lipophilic bioactive such as βC in beverage products.
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Shahab MS, Rizwanullah M, Sarim Imam S. Formulation, optimization and evaluation of vitamin E TPGS emulsified dorzolamide solid lipid nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Rizwanullah M, Ahmad MZ, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Jain K, Ahmad J. Receptor-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Surface-ModifiedNanomedicine in Breast Cancer: Recent Update and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2039. [PMID: 34959321 PMCID: PMC8708551 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer therapeutic intervention continues to be ambiguous owing to the lack of strategies for targeted transport and receptor-mediated uptake of drugs by cancer cells. In addition to this, sporadic tumor microenvironment, prominent restrictions with conventional chemotherapy, and multidrug-resistant mechanisms of breast cancer cells possess a big challenge to even otherwise optimal and efficacious breast cancer treatment strategies. Surface-modified nanomedicines can expedite the cellular uptake and delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticulate constructs through binding with specific receptors overexpressed aberrantly on the tumor cell. The present review elucidates the interesting yet challenging concept of targeted delivery approaches by exploiting different types of nanoparticulate systems with multiple targeting ligands to target overexpressed receptors of breast cancer cells. The therapeutic efficacy of these novel approaches in preclinical models is also comprehensively discussed in this review. It is concluded from critical analysis of related literature that insight into the translational gap between laboratories and clinical settings would provide the possible future directions to plug the loopholes in the process of development of these receptor-targeted nanomedicines for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Keerti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
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Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224036. [PMID: 34833334 PMCID: PMC8617804 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.
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