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Rashid G, Khan NA, Elsori D, Youness RA, Hassan H, Siwan D, Seth N, Kamal MA, Rizvi S, Babker AM, Hafez W. miRNA expression in PCOS: unveiling a paradigm shift toward biomarker discovery. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1707-1723. [PMID: 38316651 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a substantial percentage of women, estimated at around 9-21%. This condition can lead to anovulatory infertility in women of childbearing age and is often accompanied by various metabolic disturbances, including hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels. The development of PCOS is influenced by a combination of epigenetic alterations, genetic mutations, and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs, commonly referred to as non-coding RNAs, are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and primarily function in post-transcriptional gene regulation, facilitating mRNA degradation and repressing translation. Their dynamic expression in different cells and tissues contributes to the regulation of various biological and cellular pathways. As a result, they have become pivotal biomarkers for various diseases, including PCOS, demonstrating intricate associations with diverse health conditions. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in the serum of women with PCOS, with overexpression and dysregulation of these miRNAs playing a central role in the atypical expression of endocrine hormones linked to PCOS. This review takes a comprehensive approach to explore the upregulation and downregulation of various miRNAs present in ovarian follicular cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells of women diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, it discusses the potential for a theragnostic approach using miRNAs to better understand and manage PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.
| | - Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Rana A Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Homa Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Namrata Seth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saliha Rizvi
- Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Asaad Ma Babker
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Hafez
- The Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Jan S, Iram S, Bashir O, Shah SN, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Kim J, Jan AT. Unleashed Treasures of Solanaceae: Mechanistic Insights into Phytochemicals with Therapeutic Potential for Combatting Human Diseases. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:724. [PMID: 38475570 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants that possess a diverse range of bioactive compounds are essential for maintaining human health and survival. The diversity of bioactive compounds with distinct therapeutic potential contributes to their role in health systems, in addition to their function as a source of nutrients. Studies on the genetic makeup and composition of bioactive compounds have revealed them to be rich in steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The Solanaceae family, having a rich abundance of bioactive compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activities, holds significant promise in the management of different diseases. Investigation into Solanum species has revealed them to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic effects. Phytochemical analysis of isolated compounds such as diosgenin, solamargine, solanine, apigenin, and lupeol has shown them to be cytotoxic in different cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-772), lung cancer (A549, H441, H520), human breast cancer (HBL-100), and prostate cancer (PC3). Since analysis of their phytochemical constituents has shown them to have a notable effect on several signaling pathways, a great deal of attention has been paid to identifying the biological targets and cellular mechanisms involved therein. Considering the promising aspects of bioactive constituents of different Solanum members, the main emphasis was on finding and reporting notable cultivars, their phytochemical contents, and their pharmacological properties. This review offers mechanistic insights into the bioactive ingredients intended to treat different ailments with the least harmful effects for potential applications in the advancement of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheezma Nazir Shah
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Aldawsari MF, Kamal MA, Balaha MF, Jawaid T, Jafar M, Hashmi S, Ganaie MA, Alam A. Optimized Ribociclib nanostructured lipid carrier for the amelioration of skin cancer: Inferences from ex-vivo skin permeation and dermatokinetic studies. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101984. [PMID: 38384476 PMCID: PMC10879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Current research focuses on explicitly developing and evaluating nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) for the chemotherapeutic drug Ribociclib (RCB) via the topical route to surmount the inherent bioavailability shortcomings. The absolute oral bioavailability has not been determined, but using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model it was predicted that 65.8 % of the standard dose of RCB (600 mg) would be absorbed mainly in the small intestine. RCB-NLCs were produced using the solvent evaporation method, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize composition. The prepared NLCs had an average PS of 79.29 ± 3.53 nm, PDI of 0.242 ± 0.021, and a %EE of 86.07 ± 3.14. The TEM analysis disclosed the spherical form and non-aggregative nature of the NLCs. The outcomes of an in-vitro release investigation presented cumulative drug release of 84.97 ± 3.37 % in 24 h, significantly higher than that from the RCB suspension (RCB-SUS). Ex-vivo skin permeation investigations on rodent (Swiss albino mice) revealed that RCB-NLCs have 1.91 times increases in skin permeability comparable to RCB-SUS. Compared to RCB-SUS, RCB-NLCs were able to penetrate deeper into the epidermis membrane than RCB-SUS as per the findings of confocal microscopy. In dermatokinetic study, higher amount of RCB was maintained in both the layers of mice's skin when treated with RCB-NLCs gel comparable to the RCB-SUS gel preparation. The in-vitro, ex-vivo, CLSM, and dermatokinetics data demonstrated a significant possibility for this novel RCB formulation to be effective against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Balaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Hashmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, 51418 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi F, Aba Alkhayl FF, Foudah AI, Azhar Kamal M, Moglad EH, Khan S, Rehman ZU, Warsi MK, Jawaid T, Alam A. Investigating the effects of four medicinal plants against dengue virus through QSAR modeling and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38197579 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The Dengue virus (DENV) has been increasingly recognized as a prevalent viral pathogen responsible for global transmission of infection. It has been established that DENV's NS5 methyltransferase (MTase) controls viral replication. As a result, NS5 MTase is considered a potentially useful drug target for DENV. In this study, the two phases of virtual screening were conducted using the ML-based QSAR model and molecular docking to identify potential compounds against NS5 of DENV. Four medicinal plants [Aloe vera, Cannabis sativa (Hemp), Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil; Tulsi), and Zingiber officinale (Ginger)] that showed anti-viral properties were selected for sourcing the phytochemicals and screening them against NS5. Additionally, re-docking at higher exhaustiveness and interaction analysis were performed which resulted in the identification of the top four hits (135398658, 5281675, 119394, and 969516) which showed comparable results with the control Sinefungin (SFG). Post molecular dynamics simulation, 135398658 showed the lowest RMSD (0.4-0.5 nm) and the maximum number of hydrogen bonds (eight hydrogen bonds) after the control while 5281675 and 969516 showed comparable hydrogen bonds to the control. These compounds showed direct interactions with the catalytic site residues GLU111 and ASP131, in addition to this these compounds showed stable complex formation as depicted by principal component analysis and free energy landscape. 135398658 showed lower total binding free energy (ΔGTotal = -36.56 kcal/mol) than the control, while 5281675 had comparable values to the control (ΔGTotal = -34.1 kcal/mol). Overall, the purpose of this study was to identify phytochemicals that inhibit NS5 function, that could be further tested experimentally to treat dengue virus (DENV).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehssan H Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shamshir Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Alanazi AM, Khan AA, Mahmood A, Bajwa HA, Kamal MA, Baig EA. Disinfection by methylthionine chloride and chitosan in combination with Photo radiation therapy on caries affected dentin nano hardness, adhesive integrity, and bond failure. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:39-48. [PMID: 38235896 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the disinfection efficacy, bond integrity, and nano hardness of caries-affected dentin (CAD) surface bonded to resin cement when disinfected with chlorhexidine (CHX), Methylene blue activated by Photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT), chitosan, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), chitosan activated by PDT, and SDF-diode laser against S. mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 human mandibular molars were extracted non-traumatically and gathered using ICDAS criteria. The dentin surface was prepared, leaving CAD to receive a disinfection procedure. After inoculation with S. mutans, the CAD samples were divided into six groups and disinfected with various disinfectants (n = 10) CHX, MB-PDT, chitosan, chitosan-PDT, SDF, and SDF+ diode laser. Survival rates of S. mutans were analyzed following the restoration of samples with resin cement via the etch and rinse method to assess SBS. Also, nano hardness was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by using the ANOVA and the Tukey multiple test (p<0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the change in survival rate. RESULTS Related to the survival rates, the SDF+ diode laser displayed the highest reduction in S. mutans levels and chitosan presented the lowest level of disinfection. The intergroup comparison revealed that CHX and chitosan-PDT displayed comparable outcomes of S. mutans survival rate to that of SDF+ diode laser (p>0.05). Likewise, MB-PDT and SDF displayed a comparable survival rate of S. mutans to Chitosan disinfection (p>0.05). Considering SBS and nano hardness, the highest SBS and NH were exhibited by the SDF+ diode laser, and the lowest SBS and NH values were exhibited by MB-PDT. The intragroup comparison revealed that CAD specimens disinfected with Chitosan-PDT showed comparable SBS and NH values to the SDF+ diode laser (p>0.05). CHX, chitosan, and SDF exhibited bond values and NH comparable to MB-PDT (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Synergistic use of Silver diamine fluoride with diode laser and chitosan activated by PDT can be used as an alternative to CHX for controlling S. mutans growth, promoting enhanced bond efficacy and nano hardness for bonding resin cement to the caries-affected dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Saadh MJ, Pecho RDC, Jamal A, Alothaim AS, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Ahmad F, Obaid M, Moslem H, Zainab HA, Amin AH, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Margiana R, Akhavan-Sigari R. Reduced expression of miR-221 is associated with the pro-apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa of oligospermia men. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 160:104159. [PMID: 37913711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, both frequent, can lead to male infertility. Oligospermia might be viewed as a milder form of azoospermia because the same mutations that produce azoospermia in some individuals also create oligospermia in other individuals. In this, we looked at different characteristics of oligospermia men, counting the level of apoptosis and a few related apoptotic and oxidative stress components, and compared them to solid controls. In this study, semen samples from healthy fertile men (n = 35) and oligospermia (n = 35) were collected, and sperm death rates in both groups were examined using flow cytometry. Also, gene expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers and miR-221 were investigated (Real-Time PCR). Moreover, for the evaluation of catalase and SOD activity and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-β, the specific ELISA kits and procedures were applied. As a result, higher gene and protein expression levels of PTEN, P27, and P57 were observed in patients with oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of AKT and miR-221 was detected in this group. In addition, IL-10, TGF-β, and catalase activity were suppressed in the oligospermia group compared with healthy men samples. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis of sperm cells is induced in patients. In conclusion, apoptosis-related markers, PTEN, and the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma could be considered as the critical diagnostic markers for oligospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Azfar Jamal
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani Moslem
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - H A Zainab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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Saadh MJ, Rashed AB, Jamal A, Castillo-Acobo RY, Kamal MA, Cotrina-Aliaga JC, Gonzáles JLA, Alothaim AS, Alhoqail WA, Ahmad F, Lakshmaiya N, Amin AH, Younus DG, Rojas GGR, Bahrami A, Akhavan-Sigari R. miR-199a-3p suppresses neuroinflammation by directly targeting MyD88 in a mouse model of bone cancer pain. Life Sci 2023; 333:122139. [PMID: 37783266 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pain is a profoundly debilitating symptom in cancer patients, leading to disability, immobility, and a marked decline in their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of miR-199a-3p in a murine model of bone cancer pain induced by tumor cell implantation in the medullary cavity of the femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed pain-related behaviors, including the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and the number of spontaneous flinches (NSF). To investigate miRNA expression and its targets in astrocytes, we employed a combination of RNA-seq analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, EdU, TUNEL, ChIP, ELISA, and luciferase reporter assays in mice (C3H/HeJ) with bone cancer pain and control groups. KEY FINDINGS On days 10, 14, 21, and 28 post-surgery, we observed significant differences in PWTL, PWMT, and NSF when compared to the sham group (P < 0.001). qRT-PCR assays and miRNA sequencing results confirmed reduced miR-199a-3p expression in astrocytes of mice with bone cancer pain. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-199a-3p suppressed astrocyte activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro investigations revealed that miR-199a-3p mimics reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in astrocytes and MyD88/NF-κB proteins. Furthermore, treatment with a miR-199a-3p agonist resulted in reduced expression of MyD88, TAK1, p-p65, and inflammatory mediators, along with decreased astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these findings demonstrate that upregulation of miR-199a-3p may offer a therapeutic avenue for mitigating bone cancer pain in mice by suppressing neuroinflammation and inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Amera Bekhatroh Rashed
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - José Luis Arias Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wardah A Alhoqail
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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Khan NA, Elsori D, Rashid G, Tamanna S, Chakraborty A, Farooqi A, Kar A, Sambyal N, Kamal MA. Unraveling the relationship between the renin-angiotensin system and endometrial cancer: a comprehensive review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235418. [PMID: 37869088 PMCID: PMC10585148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC), the most common adenocarcinoma, represents 90% of uterine cancer in women with an increased incidence of occurrence attributed to age, obesity, hypertension, and hypoestrogenism. Being the most common gynecological malignancy in women, it shows a relation with the activation of different components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is predominantly involved in maintaining blood pressure, salt, water, and aldosterone secretion, thereby playing a significant role in the etiology of hypertension. The components of the RAS, i.e., ACE-I, ACE-II, AT1R, AT2R, and Pro(renin) receptor, are widely expressed in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium, with varying levels throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. This causes the endometrial RAS to implicate angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation. Thus, dysfunctioning of the endometrial RAS could predispose the growth and spread of EC. Interestingly, the increased expression of AngII, AGTR1, and AGTR2 showed advancement in the stages and progression of EC via the prorenin/ATP6AP2 and AngII/AGTR1 pathway. Therefore, this review corresponds to unraveling the relationship between the progression and development of endometrial cancer with the dysfunction in the expression of various components associated with RAS in maintaining blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resillience, Deans Office Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Tamanna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Adeeba Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Ayman Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Niti Sambyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vashino Devi University, Katra, Jammu, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Elsori D, Rashid G, Khan NA, Sachdeva P, Jindal R, Kayenat F, Sachdeva B, Kamal MA, Babker AM, Fahmy SA. Nanotube breakthroughs: unveiling the potential of carbon nanotubes as a dual therapeutic arsenal for Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1265347. [PMID: 37799472 PMCID: PMC10548133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain tumors are debilitating neurological conditions that pose significant challenges in current medical practices. Existing treatment options for AD primarily focus on symptom management, and brain tumors often require aggressive therapeutic approaches. Novel disease-modifying strategies and therapeutic agents are urgently needed to address the underlying causes of AD pathogenesis and improve brain tumor management. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promise as valuable tools in diagnosing and managing various brain disorders, including AD. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered attention for their unique properties and biomedical potential. Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with ease opens up new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and neuroprotection. This literature review aims to explore the versatile nature of CNTs, which can be functionalized with various biomolecules or substances due to their sp2 hybridization. This adaptability enables them to specifically target cells and deliver medications under specific environmental conditions. Moreover, CNTs possess an exceptional capacity to penetrate cell membranes, making them valuable tools in the treatment of AD and brain tumors. By delving into the role of CNTs in biomedicine, this review sheds light on their potential in managing AD, offering a glimpse of hope for effective disease-modifying options. Understanding the mechanisms of CNTs' action and their capabilities in targeting and delivering medication to affected cells will pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that can improve the lives of those afflicted with these devastating neurological conditions. The exploration of CNTs as a dual therapeutic arsenal for both brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease holds great promise and may usher in a new era of effective treatment strategies for these challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resillience, Deans Office Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Punya Sachdeva
- Department of Neuropyschology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Riya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Falak Kayenat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvi Sachdeva
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Ma Babker
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Alghamdi S, Baeissa HM, Azhar Kamal M, Rafeeq MM, Al Zahrani A, Maslum AA, Hakeem IJ, Alazragi RS, Alam Q. Unveiling the multitargeted potency of Sodium Danshensu against cervical cancer: a multitargeted docking-based, structural fingerprinting and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37599470 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2248260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide, with a significant number of deaths reported yearly. Despite the various treatment options available, the high mortality rate associated with CC highlights the need to develop new and effective therapeutic agents. In this study, we have screened the complete prepared FDA library against the Mitotic kinesin-like protein 1, Cyclin B1, DNA polymerase, and MCM10-ID using three glide-based molecular docking algorithms: HTVS, SP and XP to produce a robust calculation. All four proteins are crucial proteins that actively participate in CC development, and inhibiting them together can be a game-changer step for multitargeted drug designing. Our multitargeted screening identified Sodium (Na) Danshensu, a natural FDA-approved phenolic compound of caffeic acid derivatives isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The docking score ranges from -5.892 to -13.103 Kcal/mol, and the screening study was evaluated with the pharmacokinetics and interaction fingerprinting to identify the pattern of interactions that revealed that the compound has bound to the best site it can be fitted to where maximum bonds were created to make the complex stable. The molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns were then extended to validate the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. The results provide insight into the repurposing, and Na-danshensu exhibited strong binding affinity and stable complex formation with the target proteins, indicating its potential as a multitargeted drug against CC.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi M Baeissa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Zahrani
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department - Microbiology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed Maslum
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department - Microbiology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa J Hakeem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- Department of Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Zinj, Kingdom of Bahrain
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11
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Aamir Bhat M, Kumar Mishra A, Azhar Kamal M, Rahman S, Tasleem Jan A. Elaeagnus umbellata: A miraculous shrub with potent health-promoting benefits from Northwest Himalaya. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103662. [PMID: 37213692 PMCID: PMC10196990 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants encompassing a series of bioactive compounds have gained significant importance for use in the treatment of different diseases. Of them, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Deciduous shrub found in dappled shade, and sunny hedge) exhibits high medicinal value, with a widespread distribution across the Pir Panjal region of the Himalayas. Fruits serve as an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, and other essential compounds that exhibits hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effects. The phytochemical fingerprint of berries revealed them to have a high content of polyphenols (with major proportion of anthocyanins), followed by monoterpenes and vitamin C. Extract of fruits help in regulating the digestion and absorption of glucose and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. The phytosterols upholding anticoagulant activity serve the purpose of causing decrease in angina and the blood cholesterol levels. Phytochemicals such as eugenol, palmitic acid, and methyl palmitate exhibit potent antibacterial activity against broad range of disease-causing agents. Additionally, a high percentage of essential oils attribute it with the property of being effective against heart ailments. The present study highlights the importance of E. umbellata in traditional medicinal practices, and summarizes the knowledge of its bioactive constituents and a snapshot vision of remarkable biological activities like antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc towards understanding its role in the development of efficient drug regimens for use in the treatment of different diseases. It also underlines the need to explore the plant on nutritional aspects to strengthen the existing knowledge pertaining to health promoting potential of E. umbellata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Gene Expression Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Gene Expression Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
- Corresponding author at: Gene Expression Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India.
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12
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Ziaullah M S, Azhar Kamal M, Khan Warsi M, Alghamdi S, Al Qahtani MY, Al Rumaihi AM, Akber AH, Al Qahtani MA, M Rafeeq M. Potential biomarkers in Japanese encephalitis from different hosts and geographical locations. Bioinformation 2023; 19:611-622. [PMID: 37886150 PMCID: PMC10599671 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a single-stranded, mosquito-borne, positive-sense RNA flavivirus that causes one of the most severe encephalitides. There are treatments available for those who contact this illness; however, there are no known cures. This disease has a 30% fatality rate, and of the people who survive, 30-50% develops neurologic and psychiatric sequelae. The JE virus genome size is 10.98 kb and contains two coding DNA sequences (CDS), two genes, and 15 mature peptides; the CDS polyprotein is 10.3 kb. In this study, we used 29 genomics sequences of the JE virus reported from different countries and infecting different animals and analysed vast dimensions of the genomic annotation of JE comparatively to understand its evolutionary aspects. The extensive SNPs analysis revealed that KF907505.1, reported from Taiwan, has only three SNPs, similar to sequences reported from India. Repeat and polymorphism analyses revealed that the genome tends to be similar in most JE sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sain Ziaullah M
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah KSA 21589
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science,
University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
- University of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical
Research (UJ-CSMR), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied
Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahya Al Qahtani
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department -
Virology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Ahmed Muhammed Al Rumaihi
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department -
Virology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Asif Hussain Akber
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department -
Virology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al Qahtani
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department -
Microbiology Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, 21589, KSA
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13
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Nawaz H, Khan SA, Bibi F, Waqas A, Bari A, Khan N, Muhammad N, Khan A, Paracha SA, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Rafeeq MM, Muhammad N, Haq FU, Khan S, Mahmood A, Khan S, Umair M. Biallelic Variants in Seven Different Genes Associated with Clinically Suspected Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051113. [PMID: 37239474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod-cone dystrophy, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, male hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, and obesity. Here, we report nine consanguineous families and a non-consanguineous family with several affected individuals presenting typical clinical features of BBS. In the present study, 10 BBS Pakistani families were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), which revealed novel/recurrent gene variants, including a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.94C>T; p.Gln32Ter) in the IFT27 (NM_006860.5) gene in family A, a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.160A>T; p.Lys54Ter) in the BBIP1 (NM_001195306.1) gene in family B, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.720C>A; p.Cys240Ter) in the WDPCP (NM_015910.7) in family C, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.505A>T; p.Lys169Ter) in the LZTFL1 (NM_020347.4) in family D, pathogenic homozygous 1 bp deletion (c.775delA; p.Thr259Leufs*21) in the MKKS/BBS5 (NM_170784.3) gene in family E, a pathogenic homozygous missense variant (c.1339G>A; p.Ala447Thr) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in families F and G, a pathogenic homozygous donor splice site variant (c.951+1G>A; p?) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in family H, a pathogenic bi-allelic nonsense variant in MKKS (NM_170784.3) (c.119C>G; p.Ser40*) in family I, and homozygous pathogenic frameshift variants (c.196delA; p.Arg66Glufs*12) in BBS5 (NM_152384.3) in family J. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of four different types of ciliopathies causing BBS and also support the importance of these genes in the development of multi-systemic human genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54782, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bari
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Niamatullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Aziz Paracha
- Department of Anatomy, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Qamre Alam
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Block Zinj, Manama 359, Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ul Haq
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Khan
- Hafeez Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 14611, Pakistan
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14
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Bhattacharya R, Alam MR, Kamal MA, Seo KJ, Singh LR. AGE-RAGE axis culminates into multiple pathogenic processes: a central road to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1155175. [PMID: 37266370 PMCID: PMC10230046 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs; e.g., glyoxal, methylglyoxal or carboxymethyl-lysine) are heterogenous group of toxic compounds synthesized in the body through both exogenous and endogenous pathways. AGEs are known to covalently modify proteins bringing about loss of functional alteration in the proteins. AGEs also interact with their receptor, receptor for AGE (RAGE) and such interactions influence different biological processes including oxidative stress and apoptosis. Previously, AGE-RAGE axis has long been considered to be the maligning factor for various human diseases including, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, aging, etc. Recent developments have revealed the involvement of AGE-RAGE axis in different pathological consequences associated with the onset of neurodegeneration including, disruption of blood brain barrier, neuroinflammation, remodeling of extracellular matrix, dysregulation of polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes, etc. In the present article, we attempted to describe a new avenue that AGE-RAGE axis culminates to different pathological consequences in brain and therefore, is a central instigating component to several neurodegenerative diseases (NGDs). We also invoke that specific inhibitors of TIR domains of TLR or RAGE receptors are crucial molecules for the therapeutic intervention of NGDs. Clinical perspectives have also been appropriately discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shabbir S, Khurram E, Moorthi VS, Eissa YTH, Kamal MA, Butler AE. The interplay between androgens and the immune response in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:259. [PMID: 37062827 PMCID: PMC10105935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-reproductive-endocrine disorder that, while having a genetic component, is known to have a complex multifactorial etiology. As PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion, standardized criteria have been developed for its diagnosis. The general consensus is that hyperandrogenism is the primary feature of PCOS and is associated with an array of physiological dysfunctions; excess androgens, for example, have been correlated with cytokine hypersecretion, adipocyte proliferation, and signaling pathway dysregulation. Another key feature of PCOS is insulin resistance, resulting in aberrant glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, the immune system plays a key role in PCOS. Hyperandrogenism stimulates some immune cells while it inhibits others, thereby disrupting the normal balance of immune cells and creating a state of chronic inflammation. This low-grade inflammation could contribute to infertility since it induces ovarian dysfunction. This dysregulated immune response in PCOS exhibits autoimmunity characteristics that require further investigation. This review paper examines the relationship between androgens and the immune response and how their malfunction contributes to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Shabbir
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Emaan Khurram
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | | | | | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Saleh AA, Hafez A, Amber K, Abdelhady AY, Salem HM, Fathy M, Kamal MA, Alagawany M, Alzawqari MH. Drug-independent control strategy of clostridial infection in broiler chickens using anti-toxin environmentally friendly multienzymes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5614. [PMID: 37024623 PMCID: PMC10079847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of enzymes as a toxin detoxifier (DETOXIZYME) dietary supplementation on performance during growth, blood chemistry, and immunity under clostridia infection in chickens. A total of 480, day-old male chicks were randomly distributed to four groups, with six replicates of 20 birds each. The first control negative treatment (A) fed the basal formula as commercial feed prepared following the strain's needs, the second control positive group (B) fed the basal formula challenged with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type A, the third group (C) fed the basal formula with 100 g DETOXIZYME/ton of feed and challenged with clostridia, and the fourth group (D) fed the control basal formula with 100 g DETOXIZYME/ton of feed. DETOXIZYME dietary supplementation significantly boosted body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and improved the feed conversion rate (FCR) of the broilers. The dietary supplementation of DETOXIZYME significantly increased carcass trait and spleen. However, liver and abdominal fat weight significantly decreased compared with clostridia-challenged groups. The values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid, creatinine, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. While calcium, phosphate, zinc, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were improved in birds that took basal formulas fortified with DETOXIZYME contrary to the other treatment groups during 35 days of age. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values were reduced versus the other treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of DETOXIZYME increased total protein, albumin, globulin, and Newcastle Disease (ND) immunity titer levels in the overall period compared to other groups. Dietary DETOXIZYME supplementation decreased clostridia and E. coli bacteria counts and improved gut morphometry. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of DETOXIZYME had a positive impact on performance, blood biochemistry, immunity, and bacterial counts and improved the gut morphology in broilers under clostridia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 333516, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhaleem Hafez
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 333516, Egypt
| | - Khairy Amber
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 333516, Egypt
| | - AbdelRahman Y Abdelhady
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - M Fathy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - M A Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H Alzawqari
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, 70270, Ibb, Yemen
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17
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Kamal MA, M Baeissa H, J. Hakeem I, S Alazragi R, S.Hazzazi M, Bakhsh T, Aslam A, Refaat B, B. Khidir E, Juma Alkhenaizi K, Alam Q. Insights from the molecular docking analysis of EGFR antagonists. Bioinformation 2023; 19:260-265. [PMID: 37808374 PMCID: PMC10557452 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be a critical factor in tumor development and cancer progression. Although established EGFR inhibitors have been effective in the treatment of cancer, they are associated with several side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop novel EGFR inhibitors that can effectively target the receptor while causing no adverse side effects. Here, the bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra and established EGFR inhibitors have been screened against the EGFR catalytic site. The compounds LTS0058805, LTS0114552, LTS0128805, LTS0174203, LTS0007447, and LTS0164690 exhibited binding energies to the EGFR that were comparable to those of established EGFR inhibitors. Further, these hit compounds were observed to interact with critical residues of the EGFR, suggesting their potential as inhibitors of the receptor. In addition, these hits possess good drug-like properties and merit further exploration for their potential application in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi M Baeissa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa J. Hakeem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad S.Hazzazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshiekh B. Khidir
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadhem Juma Alkhenaizi
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Block, 359, Zinj,Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Qamre Alam
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Block, 359, Zinj,Kingdom of Bahrain
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18
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Bhat MA, Mishra AK, Jan S, Bhat MA, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Shah AA, Jan AT. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Plant Health: A Perspective Study of the Underground Interaction. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:629. [PMID: 36771713 PMCID: PMC9919780 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are affected by various environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures, drought, and high salt levels, which can disrupt their normal cellular functioning and impact their growth and productivity. These stressors offer a major constraint to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters; thereby attributing serious complications in the growth of crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. Considering the strategic and intricate association of soil microbiota, known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), with the plant roots, PGPR helps plants to adapt and survive under changing environmental conditions and become more resilient to stress. They aid in nutrient acquisition and regulation of water content in the soil and also play a role in regulating osmotic balance and ion homeostasis. Boosting key physiological processes, they contribute significantly to the alleviation of stress and promoting the growth and development of plants. This review examines the use of PGPR in increasing plant tolerance to different stresses, focusing on their impact on water uptake, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, and osmotic balance, as well as their effects on crop yield and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Saima Jan
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, India
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Gene Expression Lab., School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
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19
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Rashid G, Khan NA, Elsori D, Rehman A, Tanzeelah, Ahmad H, Maryam H, Rais A, Usmani MS, Babker AM, Kamal MA, Hafez W. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and biomarkers: A new paradigm in colorectal cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1130710. [PMID: 36950511 PMCID: PMC10025514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1130710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a sporadic, hereditary, or familial based disease in its origin, caused due to diverse set of mutations in large intestinal epithelial cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and deadly disease that accounts for the 4th worldwide highly variable malignancy. For the early detection of CRC, the most common predictive biomarker found endogenously are KRAS and ctDNA/cfDNA along with SEPT9 methylated DNA. Early detection and screening for CRC are necessary and multiple methods can be employed to screen and perform early diagnosis of CRC. Colonoscopy, an invasive method is most prevalent for diagnosing CRC or confirming the positive result as compared to other screening methods whereas several non-invasive techniques such as molecular analysis of breath, urine, blood, and stool can also be performed for early detection. Interestingly, widely used medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation have reported chemopreventive impact on gastrointestinal malignancies, especially CRC in several epidemiological and preclinical types of research. NSAID acts by inhibiting two cyclooxygenase enzymes, thereby preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and causing NSAID-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in CRC cells. This review paper majorly focuses on the diversity of natural and synthetic biomarkers and various techniques for the early detection of CRC. An approach toward current advancement in CRC detection techniques and the role of NSAIDs in CRC chemoprevention has been explored systematically. Several prominent governing mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of NSAIDs and their synergistic effect with statins for an effective chemopreventive measure have also been discussed in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram, India
- *Correspondence: Gowhar Rashid,
| | - Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resillience, Deans Office Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andleeb Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Tanzeelah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Haleema Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Humaira Maryam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Amaan Rais
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Salik Usmani
- The Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, JNMCH, AMU, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asaad Ma Babker
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hafez
- Department of Internal Medicine, NMC Royal Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- The Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Center, Ad Doqi, Egypt
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20
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Kamal MA, Siddiqui I, Belgiovine C, Barbagallo M, Paleari V, Pistillo D, Chiabrando C, Schiarea S, Bottazzi B, Leone R, Avigni R, Migliore R, Spaggiari P, Gavazzi F, Capretti G, Marchesi F, Mantovani A, Zerbi A, Allavena P. Oncogenic KRAS-Induced Protein Signature in the Tumor Secretome Identifies Laminin-C2 and Pentraxin-3 as Useful Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112653. [PMID: 35681634 PMCID: PMC9179463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations characterize pancreatic cell transformation from the earliest stages of carcinogenesis, and are present in >95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. In search of novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PDAC, we identified the proteins secreted by the normal human pancreatic cell line (HPDE) recently transformed by inducing the overexpression of the KRASG12V oncogene. We report a proteomic signature of KRAS-induced secreted proteins, which was confirmed in surgical tumor samples from resected PDAC patients. The putative diagnostic performance of three candidates, Laminin-C2 (LAMC2), Tenascin-C (TNC) and Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), was investigated by ELISA quantification in two cohorts of PDAC patients (n = 200) eligible for surgery. Circulating levels of LAMC2, TNC and PTX3 were significantly higher in PDAC patients compared to the healthy individuals (p < 0.0001). The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve showed good sensitivity (1) and specificity (0.63 and 0.85) for LAMC2 and PTX3, respectively, but not for TNC, and patients with high levels of LAMC2 had significantly shorter overall survival (p = 0.0007). High levels of LAMC2 and PTX3 were detected at early stages (I−IIB) and in CA19-9-low PDAC patients. In conclusion, pancreatic tumors release LAMC2 and PTX3, which can be quantified in the systemic circulation, and may be useful in selecting patients for further diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Cristina Belgiovine
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Marialuisa Barbagallo
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Valentina Paleari
- Biobank, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (V.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pistillo
- Biobank, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (V.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Chiara Chiabrando
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schiarea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Leone
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Avigni
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Migliore
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Gavazzi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (M.A.K.); (I.S.); (C.B.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (R.L.); (R.A.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Mehmood K, Moin A, Hussain T, Rizvi SMD, Gowda DV, Shakil S, Kamal MA. Can manipulation of gut microbiota really be transformed into an intervention strategy for cardiovascular disease management? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:897-916. [PMID: 34699042 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in manipulation techniques of gut microbiota either ex vivo or in situ has broadened its plausible applicability for treating various diseases including cardiovascular disease. Several reports suggested that altering gut microbiota composition is an effective way to deal with issues associated with managing cardiovascular diseases. However, actual translation of gut microbiota manipulation-based techniques into cardiovascular-therapeutic approach is still questionable. This review summarized the evidence on challenges, opportunities, recent development, and future prospects of gut microbiota manipulation for targeting cardiovascular diseases. Initially, issues associated with current cardiovascular diseases treatment strategy, association of gut microbiota with cardiovascular disease, and its influence on cardiovascular drugs were discussed, followed by applicability of gut microbiota manipulation as a cardiovascular disease intervention strategy along with its challenges and future prospects. Despite the fact that the gut microbiota is rugged, interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, fecal virome transplantation, antibiotics, diet changes, and exercises could manipulate it. Advanced techniques like administration of engineered bacteriophages and bacteria could also be employed. Intensive exploration revealed that if sufficiently controlled approach and proper monitoring were applied, gut microbiota could provide a compelling answer for cardiovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
| | - D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics 7 Peterlee Place, NSW, 2770, Hebersham, Australia.,Novel Global Community, Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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22
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Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Simpson EL, Cork MJ, Lockshin B, Kosloski MP, Kamal MA, Davis JD, Sun X, Pirozzi G, Graham NMH, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Ruddy M, Bansal A. A phase 2, open-label study of single-dose dupilumab in children aged 6 months to <6 years with severe uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:464-475. [PMID: 32893393 PMCID: PMC7894166 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dupilumab has demonstrated efficacy and acceptable safety in adults and children (aged 6-17 years) with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), but effective systemic therapy with a favorable risk-benefit profile in younger children remains a significant unmet need. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of single-dose dupilumab in children with severe AD aged ≥6 months to <6 years. METHODS This open-label, multicenter, phase 2, sequential, two-age cohort, two-dose level study (LIBERTY AD PRE-SCHOOL; NCT03346434) included an initial cohort of older children aged ≥2 to <6 years, followed by a younger cohort aged ≥6 months to <2 years. Pharmacokinetic sampling, safety monitoring and efficacy assessments were performed during the 4-week period after a single subcutaneous injection of dupilumab, in two sequential dosing groups (3 mg/kg, then 6 mg/kg). The use of standardized, low-to-medium potency topical corticosteroids was allowed. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled (20/age cohort, 10/dose level within a cohort) between December 20, 2017 and July 22, 2019. Within each age cohort, pharmacokinetic exposures after a single injection of dupilumab increased in a greater than dose-proportional manner. At week 3, treatment with 3 and 6 mg/kg dupilumab reduced scores of mean Eczema Area and Severity Index by -44.6% and -49.7% (older cohort) and -42.7% and -38.8% (younger cohort), and mean Peak Pruritus NRS scores by -22.9% and -44.7% (older cohort) and -11.1% and -18.2% (younger cohort), respectively. At week 4, improvements in most efficacy outcomes diminished in both age groups, particularly with the lower dose. The safety profile was comparable to that seen in adults, adolescents and children. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose dupilumab was generally well tolerated and substantially reduced clinical signs/symptoms of AD. Slightly better responses were seen in older than younger children. The pharmacokinetics of dupilumab were non-linear, consistent with previous studies in adults and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Paller
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E C Siegfried
- Saint Louis University and Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E L Simpson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M J Cork
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Lockshin
- Georgetown University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M P Kosloski
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - M A Kamal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - J D Davis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - X Sun
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - N M H Graham
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - A Gadkari
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - M Ruddy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - A Bansal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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23
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Bashir S, Shamsi A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI, Kamal MA, Islam A. Biophysical Elucidation of Fibrillation Inhibition by Sugar Osmolytes in α-Lactalbumin: Multispectroscopic and Molecular Docking Approaches. ACS Omega 2020; 5:26871-26882. [PMID: 33111013 PMCID: PMC7581248 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is among the most challenging new frontiers in protein chemistry as well as in molecular medicine and has direct implications in protein misfolding. This study investigated the role of sugar molecules (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and the mixture of glucose and fructose) in protecting the structural integrity of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) against aggregation. The research focused here is the inhibitory capabilities of sugars against α-LA fibril formation investigated employing diverse multispectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The aggregation was induced in α-LA thermally with a change in concentration. UV-vis spectroscopy, ThT binding assay, Trp fluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, and turbidity assay depicted synchronized results. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) complemented that a mixture of glucose and fructose was the best inhibitor of α-LA fibril formation. Inhibition of α-LA aggregation by sugar osmolytes is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between these osmolytes, as evidenced by the molecular docking results. This hydrogen bonding is a key player that prevents aggregation in α-LA in the presence of sugar osmolytes. This study provides an insight into the ability of naturally occurring sugar osmolytes to inhibit fibril formation and can serve as a platform to treat protein misfolding and aggregation-oriented disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Bashir
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- University
of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical Research (UJ-CSMR), University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence:
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24
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Cork MJ, Thaçi D, Eichenfield LF, Arkwright PD, Sun X, Chen Z, Akinlade B, Boklage S, Guillemin I, Kosloski MP, Kamal MA, O'Malley JT, Patel N, Graham NMH, Bansal A. Dupilumab provides favourable long-term safety and efficacy in children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with uncontrolled severe atopic dermatitis: results from an open-label phase IIa study and subsequent phase III open-label extension study. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:857-870. [PMID: 32969489 PMCID: PMC8247037 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have limited treatment options. In a 16‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial in children, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13 signalling, significantly improved signs and symptoms with acceptable safety; longer‐term safety and efficacy data are lacking. Objectives To report the pharmacokinetic profile and long‐term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in children (aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD. Methods Children (aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD were enrolled in a global, multicentre, phase IIa, open‐label, ascending‐dose, sequential cohort study and subsequent open‐label extension (OLE) study. Patients received single‐dose dupilumab 2 or 4 mg kg−1 followed by 8‐week pharmacokinetic sampling, then 2 or 4 mg kg−1 weekly for 4 weeks (phase IIa), followed by the same weekly regimen (OLE). Primary endpoints were dupilumab concentration–time profile and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs); secondary assessments included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (PP‐NRS) score. Results Of 38 children enrolled, 37 completed phase IIa and 33 continued to the OLE. Nonlinear, target‐mediated pharmacokinetics characterized dupilumab concentrations (week 24–48 mean serum concentrations: 2 mg kg−1, 61–77 mg L−1; 4 mg kg−1, 143–181 mg L−1). TEAEs were mostly mild to moderate and transient; none led to treatment discontinuation. The most commonly reported TEAEs were nasopharyngitis (2 mg kg−1, 47%; 4 mg kg−1, 56%) and AD exacerbation (29% and 13%, respectively). Single‐dose dupilumab rapidly improved AD with further improvements through week 52. Mean EASI and PP‐NRS improved by −37%/−33% and −17%/−20% at week 2 (phase IIa) and −92%/−84% and −70%/−58% at week 52 (OLE), respectively. Conclusions These safety and efficacy results support the use of dupilumab as a continuous long‐term treatment for children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD. What is already known about this topic?Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) has a marked negative impact on patient quality of life and can cause financial burden owing to a lack of effective treatments. Dupilumab significantly improved signs and symptoms of AD with an acceptable safety profile in a 16‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III study in children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD.
What does this study add?This study extends information on the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of dupilumab treatment for up to 52 weeks in children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD. The results support the use of dupilumab as a continuous long‐term treatment for children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD.
Linked Comment: Sibbald. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:792–793.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Children's Hospital Clinical Research Facility, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Thaçi
- Institute and Comprehensive Center of Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - L F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P D Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - X Sun
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - B Akinlade
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - S Boklage
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - M P Kosloski
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - M A Kamal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - N M H Graham
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - A Bansal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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25
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Alzahrani FA, Ahmed F, Sharma M, Rehan M, Mahfuz M, Baeshen MN, Hawsawi Y, Almatrafi A, Alsagaby SA, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Choudhry H, Jamal MS. Investigating the pathogenic SNPs in BLM helicase and their biological consequences by computational approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12377. [PMID: 32704157 PMCID: PMC7378827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The BLM helicase protein plays a vital role in DNA replication and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Variation in the BLM helicase gene resulted in defects in the DNA repair mechanism and was reported to be associated with Bloom syndrome (BS) and cancer. Despite extensive investigation of helicase proteins in humans, no attempt has previously been made to comprehensively analyse the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the BLM gene. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of SNPs on the BLM gene was performed to identify, characterize and validate the pathogenic SNPs using computational approaches. We obtained SNP data from the dbSNP database version 150 and mapped these data to the genomic coordinates of the "NM_000057.3" transcript expressing BLM helicase (P54132). There were 607 SNPs mapped to missense, 29 SNPs mapped to nonsense, and 19 SNPs mapped to 3'-UTR regions. Initially, we used many consensus tools of SIFT, PROVEAN, Condel, and PolyPhen-2, which together increased the accuracy of prediction and identified 18 highly pathogenic non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) out of 607 SNPs. Subsequently, these 18 high-confidence pathogenic nsSNPs were analysed for BLM protein stability, structure-function relationships and disease associations using various bioinformatics tools. These 18 mutants of the BLM protein along with the native protein were further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations to examine the structural consequences of the mutations, which might reveal their malfunction and contribution to disease. In addition, 28 SNPs were predicted as "stop gained" nonsense SNPs and one SNP was predicted as "start lost". Two SNPs in the 3'UTR were found to abolish miRNA binding and thus may enhance the expression of BLM. Interestingly, we found that BLM mRNA overexpression is associated with different types of cancers. Further investigation showed that the dysregulation of BLM is associated with poor overall survival (OS) for lung and gastric cancer patients and hence led to the conclusion that BLM has the potential to be used as an important prognostic marker for the detection of lung and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Stem Cells Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- University of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical Research (UJ-CSMR), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Mahfuz
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed N Baeshen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Hawsawi
- Department of Genetics, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, and Research Center, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almatrafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Taibah, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Abdallah Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Central Biosciences Research Laboratories, College of Science in Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- University of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical Research (UJ-CSMR), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- University of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical Research (UJ-CSMR), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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26
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Afaq S, Malik A, Akhtar MS, Alwabli AS, Alzahrani DA, Al-Solami HM, Alzahrani O, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Abulfaraj AA, Tarique M. Analysis of predicted proteasomal cleavages in the methyltransferase domain from JEV. Bioinformation 2020; 16:223-228. [PMID: 32308264 PMCID: PMC7147493 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyltransferase (MTase, a 265 amino acid residues long region at the N-terminal end of the viral nonfunctional supermolecule NS5 domain) is key for viral replication in Japanese
Encephalitis Virus (JEV). Sequence to structure to functional information with adequate knowledge on MTase from JEV is currently limited. Therefore, it is of interest to document a report
on the comprehensive analysis of predicted proteasomal cleavage data in the methyltransferase domain from JEV. This data is relevant in the design and development of vaccine and other therapeutic
candidates for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afaq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshi Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Salman Akhtar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf S Alwabli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer A Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Habeeb M Al-Solami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,University of Jeddah Center for Science and Medical Research (UJC-SMR), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aala A Abulfaraj
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts-Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
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Afaq S, Atiya A, Malik A, Alwabli AS, Alzahrani DA, Al-Solami HM, Alzahrani O, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Abulfaraj AA, Alhebshi AM, Tarique M. Analysis of methyltransferase (MTase) domain from Zika virus (ZIKV). Bioinformation 2020; 16:229-235. [PMID: 32308265 PMCID: PMC7147495 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of methyltransferase (MTase) from Zika virus (ZIKV) is of interest in the development of drugs and biomarkers in the combat and care of ZIKA fever with impulsive joint pain and conjunctivitis. MTase sequence is homologous in several viral species. We analyzed the MTase domain from ZIKV using Bioinformatics tools such as SMART, PROSITE, PFAM, PANTHER, and InterProScan to glean insights on the sequence to structure to function data. We document inclusive information on MTase from ZIKV for application in the design of drugs and biomarkers to fight against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afaq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshi Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf S Alwabli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer A Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Habeeb M Al-Solami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- University of Jeddah, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,University of Jeddah Center for Science and Medical Research (UJC-SMR), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aala A Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts-Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alawiah M Alhebshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
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Krishnamoorthy PKP, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Alnajeebi AM, Ali HA, Helmi N, Izhari MA, Mustafa S, Firoz A, Mobashir M. In-silico study reveals immunological signaling pathways, their genes, and potential herbal drug targets in ovarian cancer. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Gowda DV, Afrasim M, Meenakshi SI, Manohar M, Hemalatha S, Siddaramaiah H, Sathishbabu P, Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Kamal MA. A Paradigm Shift in the Development of Anti-Candida Drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2610-2628. [PMID: 31663480 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191029145209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The considerable increase in the incidence of Candida infection in recent times has prompted the use of numerous antifungal agents, which has resulted in the development of resistance towards various antifungal agents. With rising Candida infections, the need for design and development of novel antifungal agents is in great demand. However, new therapeutic approaches are very essential in preventing the mortality rate and improving the patient outcome in those suffering from Candida infections. OBJECTIVE The present review objective is to describe the burden, types of Candidiasis, mechanism of action of antifungal agents and its resistance and the current novel approaches used to combat candidiasis. METHODS We have collected and analyzed 135 different peer-reviewed literature studies pertinent to candidiasis. In this review, we have compiled the major findings from these studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The review describes the concerns related to candidiasis, its current treatment strategy, resistance mechanisms and imminent ways to tackle the problem. The review explored that natural plant extracts and essential oils could act as sources of newer therapeutic agents, however, the focus was on novel strategies, such as combinational therapy, new antibodies, utilization of photodynamic therapy and adaptive transfer primed immune cells with emphasis on the development of effective vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - M Afrasim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - S I Meenakshi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, India
| | - M Manohar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- Department of Anaesthesia, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru - 570004, India
| | - H Siddaramaiah
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru - 570006, India
| | - P Sathishbabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - S M Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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30
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Cork MJ, Thaçi D, Eichenfield LF, Arkwright PD, Hultsch T, Davis JD, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Chen Z, Li M, Ardeleanu M, Teper A, Akinlade B, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Kamal MA, Ruddy M, Graham NMH, Pirozzi G, Stahl N, DiCioccio AT, Bansal A. Dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a phase IIa open-label trial and subsequent phase III open-label extension. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:85-96. [PMID: 31595499 PMCID: PMC6972638 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Dupilumab (monoclonal antibody inhibiting IL‐4/IL‐13 signalling) is approved for use in adolescents aged ≥ 12 years with inadequately controlled moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab significantly improved AD signs/symptoms in a 16‐week, randomised, placebo‐controlled phase III trial in adolescents (NCT03054428). Objectives To characterize the pharmacokinetics of dupilumab, and long‐term safety and efficacy in adolescents. Methods This was a global, multicentre, phase IIa, open‐label, ascending‐dose, sequential cohort study with a phase III open‐label extension (OLE) in adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD. In the phase IIa study, patients received one dupilumab dose (2 mg kg−1 or 4 mg kg−1) and 8 weeks of pharmacokinetic sampling. Thereafter, patients received the same dose weekly for 4 weeks, with 8‐week safety follow‐up. Patients then enrolled in the OLE, continuing 2 mg kg−1 or 4 mg kg−1 dupilumab weekly. Primary end points were dupilumab concentration–time profile and incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary outcomes included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Results Forty adolescents received dupilumab in the phase IIa study; 36 enrolled in the OLE. Dupilumab showed nonlinear, target‐mediated pharmacokinetics. Mean ± SD trough dupilumab concentrations in serum at week 48 (OLE) were 74 ± 19 mg L−1 and 161 ± 60 mg L−1 for 2 mg kg−1 and 4 mg kg−1, respectively. Dupilumab was well tolerated over 52 weeks; the most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis (week 52: 41% [2 mg kg−1], 47% [4 mg kg−1]) and AD exacerbation (29%, 42%). After one dupilumab dose in the phase IIa study, EASI improved from baseline to week 2 [mean ± SD reduction −34% ± 20% (2 mg kg−1) and −51% ± 29% (4 mg kg−1)]. With continuing treatment, EASI scores improved further [week 52: −85% ± 12% (2 mg kg−1) and −84% ± 20% (4 mg kg−1)]. Conclusions In adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD, dupilumab's pharmacokinetic profile was similar to that in adults. These 52‐week safety and efficacy data support long‐term use of dupilumab in this patient population. What's already known about this topic? Adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have high unmet medical need, with significant disease burden and limited treatment options. Dupilumab (monoclonal antibody against interleukin‐4 receptor α) is approved for the treatment of adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD who are inadequately responsive to standard of care (U.S.A.) or candidates for systemic therapy (European Union). A 16‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase III trial in adolescents demonstrated significant improvements in AD signs/symptoms with an acceptable safety profile.
What does this study add? These studies demonstrate the long‐term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD for up to 52 weeks of treatment, thus extending and reinforcing the findings from the 16‐week dupilumab phase III trial. The data from these studies also support the use of dupilumab in combination with current standard of care (topical corticosteroids), which was not evaluated in the 16‐week phase III monotherapy trial.
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18627. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18661 available online
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cork
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, U.K
| | - D Thaçi
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - L F Eichenfield
- University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - P D Arkwright
- University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, U.K
| | - T Hultsch
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - J D Davis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - Y Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - X Zhu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Z Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - M Li
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, U.S.A
| | - M Ardeleanu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Teper
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, U.S.A
| | - B Akinlade
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Gadkari
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - M A Kamal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - M Ruddy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - N M H Graham
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - N Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - A T DiCioccio
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Bansal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
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Choudhry H, Bakhrebah MA, Abdulaal WH, Zamzami MA, Baothman OA, Hassan MA, Zeyadi M, Helmi N, Alzahrani F, Ali A, Zakaria MK, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Ahmed F, Rasool M, Jamal MS. Middle East respiratory syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic developments. Future Virol 2019; 14:237-246. [PMID: 32201499 PMCID: PMC7080179 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in the year 2012, which spread rapidly and increased to more than 2200 in 2018. This highly pathogenic virus with high mortality rate is among one of the major public health concerns. Saudi Arabia remains to be the most affected region with the majority of MERS-CoV cases, and currently, no effective drugs and vaccines are available for prevention and treatment. A large amount of information is now available regarding the virus, its structure, route of transmission and its pathophysiology. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of MERS-CoV's pathogenesis, treatment options and recent scientific advancements in vaccine and other therapeutic developments, and the major steps taken for MERS prevention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Bakhrebah
- Life Science & environment Research Institute, National Center for Genome Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia.,Life Science & environment Research Institute, National Center for Genome Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Yemen.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Yemen
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Khalid Zakaria
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Ojha S, Kurdi A, Sadek B, Kaleem M, Cai L, Kamal MA, Rajesh M. Phytochemicals as Prototypes for Pharmaceutical Leads Towards Drug Development Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:3058-70. [PMID: 27000825 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160322145255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Globally diabetes mellitus (DM) is swiftly reaching epidemic proportions and impose major health care and socio-economic challenges that are associated with its complications. DM is considered as the major risk factor for the development of debilitating micro & macro vascular complications. Clinical studies have revealed that development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in subjects with diabetes can occur both- dependent and independent of pre-existing increased risk factors such as poor glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, and or hypertension. Therefore, DCM represents as a major challenge for the clinical community for the prompt diagnosis and devising the treatment paradigm to combat the diabetes induced cardiac dysfunction. In Chinese traditional medical practice, heart ailments have been coped with herbal extracts. Phytochemicals bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties are to yet be established completely in human subjects. However, tremendous progress has been made to isolate, purify the phytochemicals and characterize their effects on mitigating the development of DCM in pre-clinical models. Currently there are no approved drugs available for the treatment of DCM. In this review, we have discussed the progress made in understanding the mechanisms for the phytochemicals cardio-protective actions in the diabetic milieu and their caveats and provide future perspectives for proposing these agents to serve as prototypes in the development of drugs for the management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain - 17666, UAE.
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Siddiqui I, Erreni M, Kamal MA, Porta C, Marchesi F, Pesce S, Pasqualini F, Schiarea S, Chiabrando C, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Differential role of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in K-Ras-driven pancreatic carcinoma undergoing mesenchymal transition. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1388485. [PMID: 29308316 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1388485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
K-Ras mutations are a hallmark of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a driver of progression. Oncogenic K-Ras causes the constitutive activation of NF-kB and the switch-on of an inflammatory program, which further fuels NF-kB and STAT3 activation. In this study we investigated how inflammatory pathways triggered by oncogenic K-Ras are regulated in human pancreatic cancer cells with distict epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype. Our results demonstrate that in cells with epithelial features, K-Ras driven inflammation is under the control of IL-1, while in cells undergoing EMT, is IL-1 independent. In pancreatic tumor cells with EMT phenotype, treatment with IL-1R antagonist (Anakinra) did not inhibit inflammatory cytokine production and tumor growth in mice. In these cells IL-6 is actively transcribed by the EMT transcription factor TWIST. Targeting of mesenchymal pancreatic tumors in vivo with anti-IL-6RmAb (RoActemra) successfully decreased tumor growth in immunodeficient mice, inhibited the inflammatory stroma and NF-kB-p65 and STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cells. The results confirm that IL-1 is an important driver of inflammation in epithelial pancreatic tumors; however, tumor cells undergoing EMT will likely escape IL-1R inhibition, as IL-6 is continuously transcribed by TWIST. These findings have implications for the rational targeting of inflammatory pathways in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Pesce
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Fabio Pasqualini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Silvia Schiarea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiabrando
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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Ali S, Rasool M, Chaoudhry H, N Pushparaj P, Jha P, Hafiz A, Mahfooz M, Abdus Sami G, Azhar Kamal M, Bashir S, Ali A, Sarwar Jamal M. Molecular mechanisms and mode of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Bioinformation 2016; 12:135-139. [PMID: 28149048 PMCID: PMC5267957 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women around the globe Tamoxifen is used for the last 40 years as an endocrine
therapy for breast cancer. This resulted in the reduction of mortality rate by 30% and it still remains one of the most effective therapies
against breast cancer. However, resistance against tamoxifen is still one of the major hurdles in the effective management of breast
cancer. Intense research has been conducted in the past decade to further explore its resistance mechanism, but still a lot of research
will be needed to effectively alleviate this problem. Several biochemical factors and molecular pathways, such as the modulation of ER
signaling, upregulation of growth factors had been observed as key factors for tamoxifen resistance (TR). After, initial therapy of five to
ten years, breast cancer patients develops resistance towards this drug. The resistance leads to the development of other cancers like
uterine cancer. Here, we briefly explore all the molecular events related to tamoxifen resistance and focus on its mechanism of action as
well as other pharmacological approaches to better its beneficial effects in the treatment of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ali
- School of life science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Chaoudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prakash Jha
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Maryam Mahfooz
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sania Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Aliev G, Priyadarshini M, Reddy VP, Grieg NH, Kaminsky Y, Cacabelos R, Ashraf GM, Jabir NR, Kamal MA, Nikolenko VN, Zamyatnin AA, Benberin VV, Bachurin SO. Oxidative stress mediated mitochondrial and vascular lesions as markers in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:2208-17. [PMID: 24372221 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666131227161303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plausibly underlies the aging-associated brain degeneration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics and cell-survival. Oxidative stress consequent to chronic hypoperfusion induces mitochondrial damage, which is implicated as the primary cause of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mitochondrial function deteriorates with aging, and the mitochondrial damage correlates with increased intracellular production of oxidants and pro-oxidants. The prolonged oxidative stress and the resultant hypoperfusion in the brain tissues stimulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, which further drives the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The ROS and RNS collectively contributes to the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage to the brain parenchymal cells. Delineating the molecular mechanisms of these processes may provide clues for the novel therapeutic targets for CVA and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S O Bachurin
- " GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330. San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Wu DBC, Chaiyakunapruk N, Pratoomsoot C, Lee KKC, Chong HY, Nelson RE, Smith PF, Kirkpatrick C, Kamal MA, Nieforth K, Dall G, Toovey S, Kong DC, Kamauu A, Rayner C. Cost-Utility Analysis of Optimal Dosing of Oseltamivir Under Pandemic Influenza Using a Novel Approach: Linking Health Economics and Transmission Dynamic Models. Value Health 2014; 17:A807. [PMID: 27203045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D B C Wu
- Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - K K C Lee
- Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Y Chong
- Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R E Nelson
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P F Smith
- d3 Medicine Limited, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | | | - M A Kamal
- Hoffmann La-Roche, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Nieforth
- d3 Medicine Limited, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - G Dall
- d3 Medicine Limited, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - S Toovey
- Pegasus Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D C Kong
- Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - A Kamauu
- Anolinx, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - C Rayner
- d3 Medicine Limited, Parsippany, NJ, USA
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D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Kamal MA, Reale M. Experimental model for ELF-EMF exposure: Concern for human health. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:75-84. [PMID: 25561888 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low frequency (LF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are abundantly present in modern society and in the last 20 years the interest about the possible effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs on human health has increased progressively. Epidemiological studies, designed to verify whether EMF exposure may be a potential risk factor for health, have led to controversial results. The possible association between EMFs and an increased incidence of childhood leukemia, brain tumors or neurodegenerative diseases was not fully elucidated. On the other hand, EMFs are widely used, in neurology, psychiatry, rheumatology, orthopedics and dermatology, both in diagnosis and in therapy. In vitro studies may help to evaluate the mechanism by which LF-EMFs affect biological systems. In vitro model of wound healing used keratinocytes (HaCaT), neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) as a model for analysis of differentiation, metabolism and functions related to neurodegenerative processes, and monocytic cell line (THP-1) was used as a model for inflammation and cytokines production, while leukemic cell line (K562) was used as a model for hematopoietic differentiation. MCP-1, a chemokine that regulates the migration and infiltration of memory T cells, natural killer (NK), monocytes and epithelial cells, has been demonstrated to be induced and involved in various diseases. Since, varying the parameters of EMFs different effects may be observed, we have studied MCP-1 expression in HaCaT, SH-SY5Y, THP-1 and K562 exposed to a sinusoidal EMF at 50 Hz frequency with a flux density of 1 mT (rms). Our preliminary results showed that EMF-exposure differently modifies the expression of MCP-1 in different cell types. Thus, the MCP-1 expression needs to be better determined, with additional studies, with different parameters and times of exposure to ELF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Angelo
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - E Costantini
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Reale
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology Section, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Ghumman AR, Hassan I, Khan QUZ, Kamal MA. Investigation of impact of environmental changes on precipitation pattern of Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:4897-4905. [PMID: 23064944 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, variability in precipitation pattern of Pakistan due to environmental and climatic changes has been studied. Maps have been generated to depict global precipitation variation. Precipitation data of 25 stations of Pakistan have been used. These data were taken from Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results of two global climate models, namely Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research's third generation general circulation model and National Center for Atmospheric Research's first generation precipitation circulation model for A2 scenario have been applied to investigate the changes. It is observed that precipitation pattern will change significantly in the future. The occurrence of precipitation in all seasons for Pakistan is expected to increase with almost uniform distribution across a season. Average annual precipitation of the country will undergo an increase in the range of +57 to +71 % as compared to average of the base period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ghumman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.
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Razib FA, Mannan M, Biswas AK, Al-Amin Z, Ahsan AI, Dey BK, Wahiduzzaman M, Kamal MA, Islam MT. Presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma. Mymensingh Med J 2013; 22:320-324. [PMID: 23715355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive study was done to evaluate the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings of primary hyperthyroidism (pHPT) patients with parathyroid adenoma. This study was done in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery, BIRDEM, Dhaka from July 2000 to June 2007. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentation, biochemical and radiological features from the case records from the last 7 years of 32 patients at a tertiary care centre in Dhaka who had documented pHPT due to adenoma. Of them 18 were male and 14 were female. Mean age±SD of the patients was 42.16±11.64 years. Median preoperative serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 11.42 mg/dL (range 8.4-14.0mg/dL), 3.11 mg/dL (range 2.5-4.5) and 293.22 pg/mL (range 65-700 pg/mL), respectively. Of all patients 75% had raised serum calcium level and 100.0% had raised serum PTH levels but all had normal serum phosphate level. Common radiological features were nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi, osteopenic changes in finger and toe, Brown tumour in forearm, 'Salt and pepper' appearance in skull, fracture of femur, fracture radius. pHPT due to adenoma in Bangladesh continues to be a symptomatic disorder with skeletal and renal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Razib
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Reale M, Kamal MA, Velluto L, Gambi D, Di Nicola M, Greig NH. Relationship between inflammatory mediators, Aβ levels and ApoE genotype in Alzheimer disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 9:447-57. [PMID: 22272623 PMCID: PMC5215089 DOI: 10.2174/156720512800492549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory processes is observed within the brain as well as periphery of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether or not inflammation represents a possible cause of AD or occurs as a consequence of the disease process, or, alternatively, whether the inflammatory response might be beneficial to slow the disease progression remains to be elucidated. The cytokine IL-18 shares with IL-1 the same pro-inflammatory features. Consequent to these similarities, IL-18 and its endogenous inhibitor, IL-18BP, were investigated in the plasma of AD patients versus healthy controls (HC). An imbalance of IL-18 and IL-18BP was observed in AD, with an elevated IL-18/IL-18BP ratio that might be involved in disease pathogenesis. As part of the inflammatory response, altered levels of RANTES, MCP-1 and ICAM- 1, molecules involved in cell recruitment to inflammatory sites, were observed in AD. Hence, correlations between IL-18 and other inflammatory plasma markers were analyzed. A negative correlation was observed between IL-18 and IL-18BP in both AD and HC groups. A positive correlation was observed between IL-18 and ICAM-1 in AD patients, whereas a negative correlation was evident in the HC group. IL-18 positively correlated with Aβ in both groups, and no significant correlations were observed between IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1. An important piece of evidence supporting a pathophysiologic role for inflammation in AD is the number of inflammatory mediators that have been found to be differentially regulated in AD patients, and specific ones may provide utility as part of a biomarker panel to not only aid early AD diagnosis, but follow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reale
- Dept. of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Immunodiagnostic, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
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Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) is a novel broad spectrum carbapenemase with ability to inactivate all β-lactams except aztreonam. However, most of the NDM-1-producers also produce aztreonam hydrolysing-β-lactamases thereby making these pathogens absolutely resistant to all β-lactams. The bla(NDM-1) gene encodes a 27.5 kDa protein of 269 amino acids. It shares very little identity with other metallo-β-lactamases. Maximum identity has been observed to VIM-1/VIM-2 (32.4%). This mini-review is an update of the scientific literature for the said enzyme. Following the recommendation of David livermore, we further propose to combine "aztreonam" and "inhibitor of the most frequently encountered aztreonam hydrolysing-β-lactamases in a given setting" as a possible strategy against NDM-1-producers. The inhibitor should be 'versatile' as well, i.e. it should have the ability to inhibit most of the variants of aztreonam hydrolysing-β-lactamases prevalent in the concerned setting. We strongly recommend surveillance studies using aztreonam/NXL-104-combination against NDM-1-producing pathogens in different geographical regions across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shakil
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Brattström A, Schapowal A, Kamal MA, Maillet I, Ryffel B, Moser R. The plant extract Isatis tinctoria L. extract (ITE) inhibits allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in mice. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:551-556. [PMID: 20092989 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbal Isatis tinctoria extract (ITE) inhibits the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) as well as lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and therefore possesses anti-inflammatory properties. The extract might also be useful in allergic airway diseases which are characterized by chronic inflammation. METHODS ITE obtained from leaves by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was investigated in ovalbumin (OVA) immunised BALB/c mice given intranasally together with antigen challenge in the murine model of allergic airway disease (asthma) with the analysis of the inflammatory and immune parameters in the lung. RESULTS ITE given with the antigen challenge inhibited in a dose related manner the allergic response. ITE diminished airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophil recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid upon allergen challenge, but had no effect in the saline control mice. Eosinophil recruitment was further assessed in the lung by eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity at a dose of 30 microg ITE per mouse. Microscopic investigations revealed less inflammation, eosinophil recruitment and mucus hyperproduction in the lung in a dose related manner. Diminution of AHR and inflammation was associated with reduced IL-4, IL-5, and RANTES production in the BAL fluid at the 30 microg ITE dose, while OVA specific IgE and eotaxin serum levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION ITE, which has been reported inhibiting COX-2 and 5-LOX, reduced allergic airway inflammation and AHR by inhibiting the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, and RANTES.
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Abstract
Amido phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) catalyzes the first step of the de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides, the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) into 5-phosphoribosylamine (PRA). APRT is a valid target for development of inhibitors as anticancer drugs. We have developed a thin layer chromatographic assay for PRPP extracted from cells. Using coupling enzymes, PRPP with excess [2-14C]orotate (OA) is quantitatively converted to [2-14C]OMP and then [2-14C]UMP with hydrolysis of the PPi. The reaction products are isolated on poly(ethyleneimine)-cellulose (PEI-C) chromatograms. Human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells growing in culture have been exposed to a number of antifolates and their effects upon cellular levels of PRPP determined. The steady-state level of PRPP measured in CCRF-CEM cells was 102+/-11 microM. Following addition of an antifolate to a culture, accumulation of PRPP in cells indicates the degree of inhibition of APRT. In human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells, lometrexol (LTX), 2,4-diamino-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazoline (PY899), methotrexate (MTX), N(alpha)(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-N(delta)-hemiphthaloyl-L-ornithine (PT523), piritrexim (PTX), metoprine, 2,4-diamino-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-methylpyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine (PY873) and multitargeted antifolate, N-[4-[2-(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (MTA) directly or indirectly induce inhibition of APRT indicated by time-courses for accumulation of PRPP to maximum values of 3-12-fold. These data indicate that LTX induces the most potent inhibition of APRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kamal
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Ghaly AE, Kamal MA. Submerged yeast fermentation of acid cheese whey for protein production and pollution potential reduction. Water Res 2004; 38:631-644. [PMID: 14723932 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Revised: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bench-scale batch bioreactors were used to study the effectiveness of cheese whey fermentation for single-cell protein production using the yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis in reducing the pollution potential of whey as measured by solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogenous compounds concentrations. The four principal phases (lag, exponential, stationary and death) encountered in the history of a microbial culture grown under batch conditions were clearly recognized in the growth, temperature and dissolved oxygen curves. The lactose concentration and soluble COD displayed three distinct phases corresponding to the lag, exponential and stationary phases of the yeast growth. The minimum dissolved oxygen and maximum temperature observed in this study (at an air flow of 3 VVM, a mixing speed of 400 rpm and an ambient temperature) were 2.49 mg/L and 31.6 degrees C, respectively. About 99% of lactose (90.6% of soluble COD) was utilized after 28 h. The total COD continued to decline due to cell death resulting in a reduction of 42.98%. The total nitrogen concentration remained unchanged while the organic nitrogen increased during the exponential phase and then declined during the death phase. The ash content remained unchanged while a substantial reduction (56%) of the volatile solids was observed. These results indicated that sufficient oxygen for yeast growth was present in the medium and no cooling system was needed for this type of fermenter under similar experimental conditions. Recovering the yeast biomass with ultrafiltration reduced the total COD by 98% of its initial value in the raw whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ghaly
- Biological Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, NS, Canada B3J 2X4.
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Kamal MA, Al-Jafari AA. Dual substrate model for novel approach towards a kinetic study of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by diazinon. J Enzyme Inhib 2003; 15:201-13. [PMID: 10938544 DOI: 10.1080/14756360009030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited reports as compared to other insecticides appear in the literature for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by diazinon. In the current study, new kinetic parameters of AChE inhibition by diazinon have been investigated. The assay was done with bovine retinal AChE using two different substrate (ASCh) concentrations in the absence and presence of diazinon (0.08-1.28 mM). The optical density was monitored up to 25 min (reaction time) for the assay. New kinetic parameters k'(oms), K'(sms), k(oms), K(sms), K'(asms) and K(asms) ) were calculated from these experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Kamal MA, Greig NH, Alhomida AS, Al-Jafari AA. Kinetics of human acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the novel experimental Alzheimer therapeutic agent, tolserine. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:561-70. [PMID: 10874131 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the kinetic parameters of tolserine, a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor of potential in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease, to inhibit purified human erythrocyte AChE was undertaken for the first time. An IC(50) value was estimated by three methods. Its mean value was found to be 8.13 nM, whereas the IC(100) was observed to be 25.5 nM as calculated by single graphical method. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) for the hydrolysis of the substrate acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.08 mM. Dixon as well as Lineweaver-Burk plots and their secondary replots indicated that the nature of the inhibition was of the partial non-competitive type. The value of K(i) was estimated as 4.69 nM by the primary and secondary replots of the Dixon as well as secondary replots of the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Four new kinetic constants were also investigated by polynomial regression analysis of the relationship between the apparent K(i) (K(Iapp)) and substrate concentration, which may open new avenues for the kinetic study of the inhibition of several enzymes by a wide variety of inhibitors in vitro. Tolserine proved to be a highly potent inhibitor of human AChE compared to its structural analogues physostigmine and phenserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
We have designed this study to determine various kinetic parameters of camel retinal membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition by carbamate insecticide lannate [methyl N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] ethanimidothioate]. All these kinetic constants were derived by simple graphical methods. The value of kinetic parameters was estimated as follows: 0.061 microM)(-1), 1.14 (microM)(-1), 0.216 microM, 0.016 min(-1), 0.0741 (gammaM min)(-1) 0.746 microM, and 4.42 microM for velocity constant (Kv), new inhibition constant (Knic), dissociation constant (Kd), carbamylation rate constant (k2c), overall carbamylation rate constant (k'2), 50% inhibition constant (K150), and 99% inhibition constant (K199), respectively. These unique methods may be used to estimate such kinetic parameters for time-dependent inhibition of enzymes by variety of chemicals, insecticides, herbicides, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
This work addresses the kinetic analysis of the interaction of tacrine with bovine retina acetylcholinesterase (A ChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7). It was found that the tacrine effect was reversible in nature. Tacrine inhibited bovine retinal AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner; IC50 was fo to be 8.07 nM. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Ka) for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (ASCh) by AChE was 0.061 mM in the control system, and this value was increased by 54-67% in the tacrine-treated systems. The Vmax was 0.701 mumole/min per milligram protein for the control system, but it was decreased by 26-69% in the tacrine-treated systems. The Lineweaver-Burk plot, Dixon plot, and their secondary replots indicated that the nature of the inhibition was of the partial mixed type, that is, a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. The values of Ki and Kt were estimated to be as 4.475 and 8.517 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A al-Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kamal MA, Alhomida AS, Al-Rajhi AA, Al-Jafari AA. Thermodynamic analysis of human retinal acetylcholinesterase inhibition using an anti-Alzheimer's drug, tacrine, through the development of a dual substrate and temperature model. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 2000; 24:108-15. [PMID: 10943943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the energy parameters, such as the Gibb's free energy change (deltaG), enthalpy change (deltaH), heat of activation (deltaH*), entropy change (deltaS), temperature coefficient (Q10) and activation energy (Ea), of human retinal acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition by tacrine. The stereo-frequency collisions factor (PZ, the number of sterically and energetically favorable collisions occurring between tacrine and AChE) was also studied in this investigation. Tacrine significantly increased the value of deltaG, deltaH, deltaH*, Q10, Ea and PZ factor, and decreased the value of deltaS for AChE. Since there is no known report on the inhibition of human retinal AChE by tacrine, these results were compared with the reported values for the energy parameters of camel retinal and chicken brain AChE inhibition by an anti-cancer drug, cyclophosphamide. The uniqueness of this approach lies in the development of the 'dual substrate and dual temperature' model, which may open up a new, more efficient avenue for the study of various enzyme catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhomida AS, Al-Rajhi AA, Kamal MA, Al-Jafari AA. Kinetic analysis of the toxicological effect of tacrine (Cognex) on human retinal acetylcholinesterase activity. Toxicology 2000; 147:33-9. [PMID: 10837930 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, kinetic parameters of the effect of tacrine, an anti-cholinesterase inhibitor of therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease has been studied on human retinal acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE). Tacrine inhibited the AChE activity in a concentration dependent manner, the IC(50) being about 45 nM. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.120 mM and this value was increased by 4-52.8% in the presence of tacrine. V(max) was observed to be 2.23 micromol/h per mg protein for the control system, while it was decreased by 14.73-56.25% in the tacrine treated systems. Dixon as well as Lineweaver-Burk plots and their secondary replots indicated that the nature of the inhibition was of the mixed type, i. e. a combination of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. The values of K(i) and K(I) were estimated to be as 37.76 and 64.36 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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