1
|
Gao R, Zhang L, Tao F, Wang J, Du G, Xiao T, Deng B. Transmission X-ray microscopy-based three-dimensional XANES imaging. Analyst 2024; 149:4506-4513. [PMID: 39051769 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) in conjunction with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) morphological and chemical-specific information within samples at the tens of nanometer scale. This technique has a broad range of applications in materials sciences and battery research. Despite its extensive applicability, 2D XANES imaging is subject to the disadvantage of information overlap when the sample thickness is uneven. 3D XANES imaging combines 3D TXM with XANES to obtain 3D distribution information on chemical states. A 3D XANES imaging method has been established at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and has been used to characterize the structure and chemical state of commercial LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x + y + z = 1) battery powder materials. The imaging results provide a visual representation of the 3D chemical state information of the particles with depth resolution, allowing for the direct observation of 3D nickel oxidation. This paper will describe in detail the data acquisition, data processing, quantification and visualization analysis of 3D XANES imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Tao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Du
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leung CLA, Wilson MD, Connolley T, Huang C. Mapping of lithium ion concentrations in 3D structures through development of in situ correlative imaging of X-ray Compton scattering-computed tomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:888-895. [PMID: 38838165 PMCID: PMC11226152 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524003382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the correlation between chemical and microstructural properties is critical for unraveling the fundamental relationship between materials chemistry and physical structures that can benefit materials science and engineering. Here, we demonstrate novel in situ correlative imaging of the X-ray Compton scattering computed tomography (XCS-CT) technique for studying this fundamental relationship. XCS-CT can image light elements that do not usually exhibit strong signals using other X-ray characterization techniques. This paper describes the XCS-CT setup and data analysis method for calculating the valence electron momentum density and lithium-ion concentration, and provides two examples of spatially and temporally resolved chemical properties inside batteries in 3D. XCS-CT was applied to study two types of rechargeable lithium batteries in standard coin cell casings: (1) a lithium-ion battery containing a cathode of bespoke microstructure and liquid electrolyte, and (2) a solid-state battery containing a solid-polymer electrolyte. The XCS-CT technique is beneficial to a wide variety of materials and systems to map chemical composition changes in 3D structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lun Alex Leung
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotOX11 0FAUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Chun Huang
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotOX11 0FAUnited Kingdom
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUnited Kingdom
- The Faraday InstitutionDidcotOX11 0RAUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amargianou F, Bärmann P, Shao H, Taberna PL, Simon P, Gonzalez-Julian J, Weigand M, Petit T. Nanoscale Surface and Bulk Electronic Properties of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Unraveled by Multimodal X-Ray Spectromicroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400190. [PMID: 38874117 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
2D layered materials, such as transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, offer an ideal platform to investigate charge transfer processes in confined environment, relevant for energy conversion and storage applications. Their rich surface chemistry plays an essential role in the pseudocapacitive behavior of MXenes. However, the local distribution of surface functional groups over single flakes and within few- or multilayered flakes remains unclear. In this work, scanning X-ray microscopy (SXM) is introduced with simultaneous transmission and electron yield detection, enabling multimodal nanoscale chemical imaging with bulk and surface sensitivity, respectively, of individual MXene flakes. The Ti chemical bonding environment is found to significantly vary between few-layered hydrofluoric acid-etched Ti3C2Tx MXenes and multilayered molten salt (MS)-etched Ti3C2Tx MXenes. Postmortem analysis of MS-etched Ti3C2Tx electrodes cycled in a Li-ion battery further illustrates that simultaneous bulk and surface chemical imaging using SXM offers a method well adapted to the characterization of the electrode-electrolyte interactions at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faidra Amargianou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, TU-Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peer Bärmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hui Shao
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Patrice Simon
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Julian
- Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI), Chair of Ceramics, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigand
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Petit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin Z, Zhang X, Nandi P, Lin Y, Wang L, Chu YS, Paape T, Yang Y, Xiao X, Liu Q. Correlative single-cell hard X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence imaging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:280. [PMID: 38448784 PMCID: PMC10917812 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging are two non-invasive imaging techniques to study cellular structures and chemical element distributions, respectively. However, correlative X-ray computed tomography and fluorescence imaging for the same cell have yet to be routinely realized due to challenges in sample preparation and X-ray radiation damage. Here we report an integrated experimental and computational workflow for achieving correlative multi-modality X-ray imaging of a single cell. The method consists of the preparation of radiation-resistant single-cell samples using live-cell imaging-assisted chemical fixation and freeze-drying procedures, targeting and labeling cells for correlative XCT and XRF measurement, and computational reconstruction of the correlative and multi-modality images. With XCT, cellular structures including the overall structure and intracellular organelles are visualized, while XRF imaging reveals the distribution of multiple chemical elements within the same cell. Our correlative method demonstrates the feasibility and broad applicability of using X-rays to understand cellular structures and the roles of chemical elements and related proteins in signaling and other biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Lin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Purbasha Nandi
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yuewei Lin
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Timothy Paape
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service at Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Qun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen M, Rackers WH, Sadtler B. Getting the Most Out of Fluorogenic Probes: Challenges and Opportunities in Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence to Image Electro- and Photocatalysis. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:692-715. [PMID: 38037609 PMCID: PMC10685636 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy enables the direct observation of individual reaction events at the surface of a catalyst. It has become a powerful tool to image in real time both intra- and interparticle heterogeneity among different nanoscale catalyst particles. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of heterogeneous catalysts relies on the detection of chemically activated fluorogenic probes that are converted from a nonfluorescent state into a highly fluorescent state through a reaction mediated at the catalyst surface. This review article describes challenges and opportunities in using such fluorogenic probes as proxies to develop structure-activity relationships in nanoscale electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. We compare single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to other microscopies for imaging catalysis in situ to highlight the distinct advantages and limitations of this technique. We describe correlative imaging between super-resolution activity maps obtained from multiple fluorogenic probes to understand the chemical origins behind spatial variations in activity that are frequently observed for nanoscale catalysts. Fluorogenic probes, originally developed for biological imaging, are introduced that can detect products such as carbon monoxide, nitrite, and ammonia, which are generated by electro- and photocatalysts for fuel production and environmental remediation. We conclude by describing how single-molecule imaging can provide mechanistic insights for a broader scope of catalytic systems, such as single-atom catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - William H. Rackers
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bryce Sadtler
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute
of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng C, Liang J, Cui C, Zhai T, Li H. Dynamic Investigation of Battery Materials via Advanced Visualization: From Particle, Electrode to Cell Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200777. [PMID: 35363408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries, the most-popular secondary battery, are typically electrochemical systems controlled by ion-insertion dynamics. The battery dynamics involve mass transport, charge transfer, ion-electron coupled reactions, electrolyte penetration, ion solvation, and interfacial evolution. However, it is difficult for the traditional electrochemical methods to capture the accurate and individual details of the dynamic processes in "black box" batteries; instead, only the net result of multi-factors on the whole scale. Recently, different advanced visualization techniques have been developed, which provide powerful tools to track and monitor the internal real-time dynamic processes, giving intuitive details and fine information at various scales from crystal lattice, single particle, electrode to cell level. Here, the recent progress on the investigation of electrochemical dynamics in battery materials are reviewed, via developed techniques across wide timescales and space-scales, including the dynamic process inside the active particle, kinetics issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, dynamic inhomogeneity in the electrode, and dynamic transportation at the cell level. Finally, the fundamental principles to improve the battery dynamics are summarized and new technologies for future more stringent conditions are highlighted. In prospect, this review opens sight on the battery interior for a clearer, deeper, and more thorough understanding of the dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Can Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ishiguro N, Takahashi Y. Method for restoration of X-ray absorption fine structure in sparse spectroscopic ptychography. J Appl Crystallogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722006380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic ptychography method, a technique combining X-ray ptychography imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, is one of the most promising and powerful tools for studying the chemical states and morphological structures of bulk materials at high resolutions. However, this technique still requires long measurement periods because of insufficient coherent X-ray intensity. Although the improvements in hardware represent a critical solution, breakthroughs in software for experiments and analyses are also required. This paper proposes a novel method for restoring the spectrum structures from spectroscopic ptychography measurements with reduced energy points, by utilizing the Kramers–Kronig relationship. First, a numerical simulation is performed of the spectrum restoration for the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) oscillation from the thinned theoretical absorption and phase spectra. Then, this algorithm is extended by binning the noise removal to handle actual experimental spectral data. Spectrum restoration for the experimental EXAFS data obtained from spectroscopic ptychography measurements is also successfully demonstrated. The proposed restoration will help shorten the time required for spectroscopic ptychography single measurements and increase the throughput of the entire experiment under limited time resources.
Collapse
|
8
|
Meng X, Chen Z, Li J, Harrison KL, Lu W, Sun X. Editorial for focus on nanophase materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries and beyond. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:410201. [PMID: 34730108 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac35d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized our society in many respects, and we are expecting even more favorable changes in our lifestyles with newer battery technologies. In pursuing such eligible batteries, nanophase materials play some important roles in LIBs and beyond technologies. Stimulated by their beneficial effects of nanophase materials, we initiated this Focus. Excitingly, this Focus collects 13 excellent original research and review articles related to the applications of nanophase materials in various rechargeable batteries, ranging from nanostructured electrode materials, nanoscale interface tailoring, novel separators, computational calculations, and advanced characterizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Jianlin Li
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Katharine L Harrison
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Wenquan Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, ON N6A 6B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quilty CD, West PJ, Li W, Dunkin MR, Wheeler GP, Ehrlich S, Ma L, Jaye C, Fischer DA, Takeuchi ES, Takeuchi KJ, Bock DC, Marschilok AC. Multimodal electrochemistry coupled microcalorimetric and X-ray probing of the capacity fade mechanisms of Nickel rich NMC - progress and outlook. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11471-11485. [PMID: 35532142 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) is a commercially successful Li-ion battery cathode due to its high energy density; however, its delivered capacity must be intentionally limited to achieve capacity retention over extended cycling. To design next-generation NMC batteries with longer life and higher capacity the origins of high potential capacity fade must be understood. Operando hard X-ray characterization techniques are critical for this endeavor as they allow the acquisition of information about the evolution of structure, oxidation state, and coordination environment of NMC as the material (de)lithiates in a functional battery. This perspective outlines recent developments in the elucidation of capacity fade mechanisms in NMC through hard X-ray probes, surface sensitive soft X-ray characterization, and isothermal microcalorimetry. A case study on the effect of charging potential on NMC811 over extended cycling is presented to illustrate the benefits of these approaches. The results showed that charging to 4.7 V leads to higher delivered capacity, but much greater fade as compared to charging to 4.3 V. Operando XRD and SEM results indicated that particle fracture from increased structural distortions at >4.3 V was a contributor to capacity fade. Operando hard XAS revealed significant Ni and Co redox during cycling as well as a Jahn-Teller distortion at the discharged state (Ni3+); however, minimal differences were observed between the cells charged to 4.3 and 4.7 V. Additional XAS analyses using soft X-rays revealed significant surface reconstruction after cycling to 4.7 V, revealing another contribution to fade. Operando isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) indicated that the high voltage charge to 4.7 V resulted in a doubling of the heat dissipation when compared to charging to 4.3 V. A lowered chemical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency due to thermal energy waste was observed, providing a complementary characterization of electrochemical degradation. The work demonstrates the utility of multi-modal X-ray and microcalorimetric approaches to understand the causes of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries with Ni-rich NMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Quilty
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. .,Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Patrick J West
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Wenzao Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. .,Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Mikaela R Dunkin
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Garrett P Wheeler
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Steven Ehrlich
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Daniel A Fischer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. .,Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. .,Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - David C Bock
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. .,Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reduction of Capacity Fading in High-Voltage NMC Batteries with the Addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062146. [PMID: 35329597 PMCID: PMC8949820 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) require high energy capacity, reduced weight, extended lifetime and low cost. EV manufacturers are focused on Ni-rich layered oxides because of their promising attributes, which include the ability to operate at a relatively high voltage. However, these cathodes, usually made with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC811), typically experience accelerated capacity fading when operating at a high voltage. In this research, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is added to a NMC811 cathode material to improve the performance in cyclability studies. Batteries made with rGO/NMC811 cathodes showed a 17% improvement in capacity retention after 100 cycles of testing over a high-voltage operating window of 2.5-4.5 V.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim Y, Lim J. Exploring spectroscopic X-ray nano-imaging with Zernike phase contrast enhancement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2894. [PMID: 35190577 PMCID: PMC8861036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM-XANES), which offers electrochemical imaging with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers, is an extensively used unique technique in battery research. However, absorption-based bright-field imaging has poor detection sensitivity for nanoscale applications. Here, to improve the sensitivity, we explored spectroscopic X-ray nano imaging with Zernike phase contrast (ZPC-XANES). A pinhole-type Zernike phase plate, which was optimized for high-contrast images with minimal artifacts, was used in this study. When the absorption is weak, the Zernike phase contrast improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast of images at all energies, which induces the enhancement of the absorption edge step. We estimated that the absorption of the samples should be higher than 2.2% for reliable spectroscopic nano-imaging based on XANES spectroscopy analysis of a custom-made copper wedge sample. We also determined that there is a slight absorption peak shift and sharpening in a small absorption sample due to the inflection point of the refractive index at the absorption edge. Nevertheless, in the case of sub-micron sized cathode materials, we believe that better contrast and higher resolution spectroscopic images can be obtained using ZPC-XANES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37637, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37637, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao X, Xu Z, Lin F, Lee WK. TXM-Sandbox: an open-source software for transmission X-ray microscopy data analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:266-275. [PMID: 34985444 PMCID: PMC8733977 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) can investigate morphological and chemical information of a tens to hundred micrometre-thick specimen on a length scale of tens to hundreds of nanometres. It has broad applications in material sciences and battery research. TXM data processing is composed of multiple steps. A workflow software has been developed that integrates all the tools required for general TXM data processing and visualization. The software is written in Python and has a graphic user interface in Jupyter Notebook. Users have access to the intermediate analysis results within Jupyter Notebook and have options to insert extra data processing steps in addition to those that are integrated in the software. The software seamlessly integrates ImageJ as its primary image viewer, providing rich image visualization and processing routines. As a guide for users, several TXM specific data analysis issues and examples are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Wah-Keat Lee
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|