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Yang Y, Tang J, Guo H, Pan F, Jiang H, Wu Y, Chen C, Li X, Yuan B, Lu W. Robust and Environmentally Friendly MXene-Based Electronic Skin Enabling the Three Essential Functions of Natural Skin: Perception, Protection, and Thermoregulation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10883-10891. [PMID: 39172995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of electronic skin (e-skin) emulating the human skin's three essential functions (perception, protection, and thermoregulation) has great potential for human-machine interfaces and intelligent robotics. However, existing studies mainly focus on perception. This study presents a novel, eco-friendly, mechanically robust e-skin replicating human skin's three essential functions. The e-skin is composed of Ti3C2Tx MXene, polypyrrole, and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, where the MXene nanoflakes form the matrix, the bacterial cellulose nanofibers act as the filler, and the polypyrrole serves as a conductive "cross-linker". This design allows customization of the electrical conductivity, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties, integrating sensing (perception), EMI shielding (protection), and thermal management (thermoregulation). The optimal e-skin can effectively sense various motions (including minuscule artery pulses), achieve an EMI shielding efficiency of 63.32 dB at 78 μm thickness, and regulate temperature up to 129 °C in 30 s at 2.4 V, demonstrating its potential for smart robotics in complex scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpeng Wu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, People's Republic of China
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Yang D, An J, Qiu W, Gao Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Zhao P, Liu Y. Self-calibrating dual-sensing electrochemical sensors for accurate detection of carbon dioxide in blood. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:22. [PMID: 38091089 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A paper-based electrochemical dual-function biosensor capable of determining pH and TCO2 was synthesized for the first time using an iridium oxide pH electrode and an all-solid-state ion electrode (ASIE). In the study, to obtain highly reliable results, the biosensor was equipped with a real-time pH correction function before TCO2 measurements. Compared to traditional liquid-filling carbon dioxide detection sensors, the utilization of ferrocene endows our novel sensor with abundant positive sites, and thus greatly improves its performance. Conversely, the introduction of MXene with conductivity close to that of metals reduces electrode resistance, which is beneficial for accelerating the electrochemical reaction of the sensor and reducing LOD. After optimization, the detection range of TCO2 is 0.095 nM-0.66 M, with a detection limit of as low as 0.023 nM. In addition, the sensor was used in real serum sample-spiked recovery experiments and comparison experiments with existing clinical blood gas analyzers, which confirmed the effectiveness of its clinical application. This study provides a method for the rational design of paper-based electrochemical biosensors and a new approach for the clinical detection of blood carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia An
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wu Qiu
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 400015, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Center for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wencai Pan
- Department of Medical Engineering, Xinqiao Hospital, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, 40F, Huide Tower, Shenzhen, 518126, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Center for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Nan Z, Wei W, Lin Z, Chang J, Hao Y. Flexible Nanocomposite Conductors for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 37420119 PMCID: PMC10328908 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Convincing candidates of flexible (stretchable/compressible) electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites are discussed in detail from the views of fabrication, mechanical elasticity and shielding performance. Detailed summary of the relationship between deformation of materials and electromagnetic shielding performance. The future directions and challenges in developing flexible (particularly elastic) shielding nanocomposites are highlighted. With the extensive use of electronic communication technology in integrated circuit systems and wearable devices, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has increased dramatically. The shortcomings of conventional rigid EMI shielding materials include high brittleness, poor comfort, and unsuitability for conforming and deformable applications. Hitherto, flexible (particularly elastic) nanocomposites have attracted enormous interest due to their excellent deformability. However, the current flexible shielding nanocomposites present low mechanical stability and resilience, relatively poor EMI shielding performance, and limited multifunctionality. Herein, the advances in low-dimensional EMI shielding nanomaterials-based elastomers are outlined and a selection of the most remarkable examples is discussed. And the corresponding modification strategies and deformability performance are summarized. Finally, expectations for this quickly increasing sector are discussed, as well as future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Nan
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
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Xue T, Yang Y, Yu D, Wali Q, Wang Z, Cao X, Fan W, Liu T. 3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 36752927 PMCID: PMC9908813 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Construction of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with miniaturized, programmable structure and low reflection are promising but challenging. Herein, an integrated transition-metal carbides/carbon nanotube/polyimide (gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/PI, GCMCP) aerogel frame with hierarchical porous structure and gradient-conductivity has been constructed to achieve EMI shielding with ultra-low reflection. The gradient-conductive structures are obtained by continuous 3D printing of MXene/CNT/poly (amic acid) inks with different CNT contents, where the slightly conductive top layer serves as EM absorption layer and the highly conductive bottom layer as reflection layer. In addition, the hierarchical porous structure could extend the EM dissipation path and dissipate EM by multiple reflections. Consequently, the GCMCP aerogel frames exhibit an excellent average EMI shielding efficiency (68.2 dB) and low reflection (R = 0.23). Furthermore, the GCMCP aerogel frames with miniaturized and programmable structures can be used as EMI shielding gaskets and effectively block wireless power transmission, which shows a prosperous application prospect in defense industry and aerospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qamar Wali
- NUTECH School of Applied Sciences & Humanities, National University of Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Wu N, Zheng S, Yang Y, Li B, Liu W, Liu J, Zeng Z. From MXene Trash to Ultraflexible Composites for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50120-50128. [PMID: 36300842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible composites based on the transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) is gaining popularity because of MXenes' high application potentials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields. Here, we prepare a new type of ultraflexible composite films composed of "trashed" MXene sediment (MS) and waterborne polyurethane using a simple, facile solution casting approach. In addition to the outstanding mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, an extremely wide-range of MS contents can be achieved for the composites, resulting in EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) that may be controlled over a wide range. The X-band EMI SE of the flexible, low-density composites containing 70 wt % MS reaches 45.3 dB at a thickness of merely 0.51 mm. Moreover, the SE values of more than 34.5 dB in the ultrabroadband gigahertz frequency range including X-band, P-band, K-band, and R-band, are accomplished for the thin composites. Furthermore, the MS/WPU composite films show excellent electrothermal and photothermal performance, demonstrating the multifunctionalities of the MS-based EMI shields. Combined with the cost-efficient, sustainable, and scalable preparation approach, the ultraflexible, multifunctional composites from "trashed MXene" show great potentials for next-generation electronics. This work also opens a new avenue for the creation of innovative, high-performance, multifunctional flexible composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061, P.R. China
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Thirumurugan A, Ramadoss A, Dhanabalan SS, Kamaraj SK, Chidhambaram N, Gobalakrishnan S, Venegas Abarzúa C, Reyes Caamaño YA, Udayabhaskar R, Morel MJ. MXene/Ferrite Magnetic Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1792. [PMID: 36296145 PMCID: PMC9611495 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene has been identified as a new emerging material for various applications including energy storage, electronics, and bio-related due to its wider physicochemical characteristics. Further the formation of hybrid composites of MXene with other materials makes them interesting to utilize in multifunctional applications. The selection of magnetic nanomaterials for the formation of nanocomposite with MXene would be interesting for the utilization of magnetic characteristics along with MXene. However, the selection of the magnetic nanomaterials is important, as the magnetic characteristics of the ferrites vary with the stoichiometric composition of metal ions, particle shape and size. The selection of the electrolyte is also important for electrochemical energy storage applications, as the electrolyte could influence the electrochemical performance. Further, the external magnetic field also could influence the electrochemical performance. This review briefly discusses the synthesis method of MXene, and ferrite magnetic nanoparticles and their composite formation. We also discussed the recent progress made on the MXene/ferrite nanocomposite for potential applications in electrochemical supercapacitor applications. The possibility of magnetic field-assisted supercapacitor applications with electrolyte and electrode materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Thirumurugan
- Sede Vallenar, Universidad de Atacama, Costanera #105, Vallenar 1612178, Chile
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS), School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano, El Llano 20330, Mexico
| | - Natarajan Chidhambaram
- Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suyambrakasam Gobalakrishnan
- Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Kumaracoil 629180, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Rednam Udayabhaskar
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicasy Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile
| | - Mauricio J. Morel
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicasy Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile
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Fadahunsi AA, Li C, Khan MI, Ding W. MXenes: state-of-the-art synthesis, composites and bioapplications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4331-4345. [PMID: 35640492 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
MXenes have proven significant potential in a multitude of scientific domains as they provide substantial benefits over carbon graphene, such as ease of production and functionalization, large surface area, adjustable...
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola A Fadahunsi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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