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Rezapour M. Factors associated with subjective state of health in college students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985982. [PMID: 36312060 PMCID: PMC9613111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been deeply painful, it has provided a rare opportunity to study the behavioral responses of individuals in adapting to an unprecedented life event. An analysis of participants' subjective health ratings during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted by utilizing data from a survey of college students across seven universities in the US. In this study, we challenged the unidimensional factors to the subjective wellbeing by considering all multiplicative associations of those factors. Considering the interaction terms is especially important as not considering those impacts might obscure our understanding regarding the real associations. It was found that while higher screen hours, BMI, and various negative feelings are negatively associated with higher subjective health, higher family income, social class, and students' and their mothers' educations are associated with a higher subjective well-being. However, the impacts of the majority variables are interactive. For instance, the impact of mother's education varies based on the genders of students, or the impact of screen hours differs based on family income. In addition, the degree students limit of exercise at home or gym changes based on the negative feeling they experience during the pandemic. Remarkably, during the pandemic while irrationally limiting exercise at home was associated with a lower subjective health, limiting exercise at gym was positively associated with the response.
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Ralli GP, Carter RD, McGowan DR, Cheng WC, Liu D, Teoh EJ, Patel N, Gleeson F, Harris AL, Lord SR, Buffa FM, Fenwick JD. Radiogenomic analysis of primary breast cancer reveals [18F]-fluorodeoxglucose dynamic flux-constants are positively associated with immune pathways and outperform static uptake measures in associating with glucose metabolism. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:34. [PMID: 35581637 PMCID: PMC9115966 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PET imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxygucose (FDG) is used widely for tumour staging and assessment of treatment response, but the biology associated with FDG uptake is still not fully elucidated. We therefore carried out gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) of RNA sequencing data to find KEGG pathways associated with FDG uptake in primary breast cancers. METHODS Pre-treatment data were analysed from a window-of-opportunity study in which 30 patients underwent static and dynamic FDG-PET and tumour biopsy. Kinetic models were fitted to dynamic images, and GSEA was performed for enrichment scores reflecting Pearson and Spearman coefficients of correlations between gene expression and imaging. RESULTS A total of 38 pathways were associated with kinetic model flux-constants or static measures of FDG uptake, all positively. The associated pathways included glycolysis/gluconeogenesis ('GLYC-GLUC') which mediates FDG uptake and was associated with model flux-constants but not with static uptake measures, and 28 pathways related to immune-response or inflammation. More pathways, 32, were associated with the flux-constant K of the simple Patlak model than with any other imaging index. Numbers of pathways categorised as being associated with individual micro-parameters of the kinetic models were substantially fewer than numbers associated with flux-constants, and lay around levels expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS In pre-treatment images GLYC-GLUC was associated with FDG kinetic flux-constants including Patlak K, but not with static uptake measures. Immune-related pathways were associated with flux-constants and static uptake. Patlak K was associated with more pathways than were the flux-constants of more complex kinetic models. On the basis of these results Patlak analysis of dynamic FDG-PET scans is advantageous, compared to other kinetic analyses or static imaging, in studies seeking to infer tumour-to-tumour differences in biology from differences in imaging. Trial registration NCT01266486, December 24th 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Ralli
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - R D Carter
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - D R McGowan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - W-C Cheng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - D Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - E J Teoh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - N Patel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - F Gleeson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - A L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - S R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - F M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - J D Fenwick
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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